Array ( [0] => {{Short description|Steroid medication}} [1] => {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}} [2] => {{Infobox drug [3] => | Watchedfields = changed [4] => | verifiedrevid = 459977512 [5] => | image = Betamethasone.svg [6] => | width = [7] => | alt = [8] => | image2 = Betamethasone2.png [9] => | width2 = [10] => | alt2 = [11] => | caption = [12] => [13] => [14] => | pronounce = [15] => | tradename = Celestone, Eleuphrat, others [16] => | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|betamethasone}} [17] => | MedlinePlus = a682799 [18] => | DailyMedID = Betamethasone [19] => | pregnancy_AU = C [20] => | pregnancy_AU_comment = {{cite web | title=Betamethasone Use During Pregnancy | website=Drugs.com | date=30 December 2019 | url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/betamethasone.html | access-date=29 March 2020}} [21] => | pregnancy_category= [22] => | routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]], [[Topical medication|topical]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]] [23] => | class = [24] => | ATCvet = [25] => | ATC_prefix = A07 [26] => | ATC_suffix = EA04 [27] => | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|C05|AA05}} {{ATC|D07|AC01}} {{ATC|D07|BC01}} {{ATC|D07|CC01}} {{ATC|D07|XC01}} {{ATC|H02|AB01}} {{ATC|R01|AD06}} {{ATC|R03|BA04}} {{ATC|S01|BA06}} {{ATC|S01|BB04}} {{ATC|S01|CA05}} {{ATC|S01|CB04}} {{ATC|S02|BA07}} {{ATC|S03|BA03}} {{ATC|S03|CA06}} [28] => [29] => [30] => | legal_AU = S4 [31] => | legal_AU_comment = [32] => | legal_BR = [33] => | legal_BR_comment = [34] => | legal_CA = [35] => | legal_CA_comment = [36] => | legal_DE = [37] => | legal_DE_comment = [38] => | legal_NZ = [39] => | legal_NZ_comment = [40] => | legal_UK = POM [41] => | legal_UK_comment = {{cite web | title=Betamethasone 500 microgram Soluble Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=(emc) | date=5 April 2018 | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9098/smpc | access-date=29 March 2020}} [42] => | legal_US = Rx-only [43] => | legal_US_comment = [44] => | legal_UN = [45] => | legal_UN_comment = [46] => | legal_status = Rx-only [47] => [48] => [49] => | bioavailability = [50] => | protein_bound = [51] => | metabolism = [[Liver]] [[CYP3A4]] [52] => | metabolites = [53] => | onset = [54] => | elimination_half-life = 36-54 hours [55] => | duration_of_action = [56] => | excretion = [[Kidney]] (in urine) [57] => [58] => [59] => | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} [60] => | CAS_number = 378-44-9 [61] => | CAS_supplemental = [62] => | PubChem = 9782 [63] => | IUPHAR_ligand = 7061 [64] => | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} [65] => | DrugBank = DB00443 [66] => | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} [67] => | ChemSpiderID = 9399 [68] => | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} [69] => | UNII = 9842X06Q6M [70] => | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} [71] => | KEGG = D00244 [72] => | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} [73] => | ChEBI = 3077 [74] => | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} [75] => | ChEMBL = 632 [76] => | NIAID_ChemDB = [77] => | PDB_ligand = [78] => | synonyms = [79] => [80] => [81] => | IUPAC_name = (8''S'',9''R'',10''S'',11''S'',13''S'',14''S'',16''S'',17''R'')-9-Fluoro- 11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl- 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro- 3''H''-cyclopenta[''a'']phenanthren-3-one [82] => | C=22 | H=29 | F=1 | O=5 [83] => | SMILES = O=C(CO)[C@]3(O)[C@]2(C[C@H](O)[C@]4(F)[C@@]/1(\C(=C/C(=O)\C=C\1)CC[C@H]4[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3C)C)C [84] => | Jmol = [85] => | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} [86] => | StdInChI = 1S/C22H29FO5/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(25)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(26)10-20(16,3)22(12,28)18(27)11-24/h6-7,9,12,15-17,24,26,28H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-,15-,16-,17-,19-,20-,21-,22-/m0/s1 [87] => | StdInChI_comment = [88] => | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} [89] => | StdInChIKey = UREBDLICKHMUKA-DVTGEIKXSA-N [90] => | density = [91] => | density_notes = [92] => | melting_point = [93] => | melting_high = [94] => | melting_notes = [95] => | boiling_point = [96] => | boiling_notes = [97] => | solubility = [98] => | sol_units = [99] => | specific_rotation = [100] => }} [101] => [102] => [103] => '''Betamethasone''' is a [[corticosteroid|steroid]] medication.{{cite web|title=Betamethasone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/betamethasone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=2 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208152909/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/betamethasone.html|archive-date=8 December 2015}} It is used for a number of diseases including [[rheumatic disorder]]s such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], skin diseases such as [[dermatitis]] and [[psoriasis]], allergic conditions such as [[asthma]] and [[angioedema]], [[preterm labor]] to speed the development of the baby's lungs, [[Crohn's disease]], cancers such as [[leukemia]], and along with [[fludrocortisone]] for [[adrenocortical insufficiency]], among others. It can be taken by mouth, [[intramuscular injection|injected into a muscle]], or applied to the skin, typically in cream, lotion, or liquid forms.{{cite web|title=Betamethasone topical|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/betamethasone-topical.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=2 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208025858/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/betamethasone-topical.html|archive-date=8 December 2015}} [104] => [105] => [106] => Serious side effects include an increased risk of infection, muscle weakness, [[anaphylaxis|severe allergic reaction]]s, and [[psychosis]]. Long-term use may cause adrenal insufficiency. Stopping the medication suddenly following long-term use may be dangerous. The cream commonly results in [[hypertrichosis|increased hair growth]] and skin irritation. Betamethasone belongs to the [[glucocorticoid]] class of medication. It is a [[Stereoisomerism|stereoisomer]] of [[dexamethasone]], the two compounds differing only in the spatial configuration of the [[methyl group]] at position 16 (see [[Steroid#Nomenclature|steroid nomenclature]]).{{cite journal | vauthors = Antignac JP, Le Bizec B, Monteau F, Andre F | title = Differentiation of betamethasone and dexamethasone using liquid chromatography/positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis | journal = Journal of Mass Spectrometry | volume = 37 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–75 | date = January 2002 | pmid = 11813313 | doi = 10.1002/jms.260 | bibcode = 2002JMSp...37...69A }} [107] => [108] => [109] => Betamethasone was patented in 1958, and approved for medical use in the United States in 1961.{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=485 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA485 }} The cream and ointment are on the [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | hdl-access=free }} It is available as a [[generic medication]]. In 2021, it was the 251st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1{{nbsp}}million prescriptions.{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2021 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=14 January 2024 | archive-date=15 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115223848/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}{{cite web | title = Betamethasone - Drug Usage Statistics | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Betamethasone | access-date = 14 January 2024}} [110] => [111] => ==Medical uses== [112] => [113] => Betamethasone is a [[corticosteroid]] that is available as a pill, by injection, and as an ointment, cream, lotion, gel, or aerosol (spray) for the skin, and a foam for the scalp.{{cite web | title=Betamethasone Topical | website=MedlinePlus | date=19 March 2020 | url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682799.html | access-date=29 March 2020 }} When given by injection, [[anti-inflammatory]] effects begin in around two hours and last for seven days. [114] => [115] => It is used as a topical cream to relieve skin irritation, such as itching and flaking from [[eczema]]. It is used as a treatment for local [[psoriasis]], as [[betamethasone dipropionate]] and [[salicylic acid]], or as the combination [[calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate]].{{fact|date=November 2023}} [[Betamethasone sodium phosphate]] is used orally and via [[Injection (medicine)|injection]] with the same indications as other [[steroid]]s. Many betamethasone-based [[pharmaceuticals]] include the steroid as the [[valerate]] ester.{{fact|date=November 2023}} [116] => [117] => In a randomized controlled trial betamethasone was shown to reduce some of the [[ataxia]] (poor coordination) symptoms associated with [[ataxia telangiectasia]] (A-T) by 28-31%.{{cite journal | vauthors = Zannolli R, Buoni S, Betti G, Salvucci S, Plebani A, Soresina A, Pietrogrande MC, Martino S, Leuzzi V, Finocchi A, Micheli R, Rossi LN, Brusco A, Misiani F, Fois A, Hayek J, Kelly C, Chessa L | display-authors = 6 | title = A randomized trial of oral betamethasone to reduce ataxia symptoms in ataxia telangiectasia | journal = Movement Disorders | volume = 27 | issue = 10 | pages = 1312–1316 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22927201 | doi = 10.1002/mds.25126 | s2cid = 23696748 }} [118] => [119] => Betamethasone is also used to stimulate fetal lung maturation in order to prevent [[infant respiratory distress syndrome]] (IRDS) and to decrease the incidence and mortality from intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants.{{original research inline|date=November 2023}} [120] => [121] => A cream with 0.05% betamethasone appears effective in treating [[phimosis]] in boys,{{cite journal | vauthors = Moreno G, Corbalán J, Peñaloza B, Pantoja T | title = Topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 9 | issue = 9 | pages = CD008973 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25180668 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD008973.pub2 | pmc = 10765470 }}{{Update inline|reason=Updated version https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38269441|date = March 2024}} and often averts the need for [[circumcision]].{{cite journal | vauthors = Van Howe RS | title = Cost-effective treatment of phimosis | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 102 | issue = 4 | pages = E43 | date = October 1998 | pmid = 9755280 | doi = 10.1542/peds.102.4.e43 | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/102/4/e43 | url-status = live | doi-access = free | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090819103253/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/102/4/e43 | archive-date = 19 August 2009 }} A review of estimated costs and complications of 3 phimosis treatments.{{cite journal | vauthors = Esposito C, Centonze A, Alicchio F, Savanelli A, Settimi A | title = Topical steroid application versus circumcision in pediatric patients with phimosis: a prospective randomized placebo controlled clinical trial | journal = World Journal of Urology | volume = 26 | issue = 2 | pages = 187–190 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 18157674 | doi = 10.1007/s00345-007-0231-2 | publisher = Springer Science and Business Media LLC | s2cid = 8922151 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Zampieri N, Corroppolo M, Zuin V, Bianchi S, Camoglio FS | title = Phimosis and topical steroids: new clinical findings | journal = Pediatric Surgery International | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 331–335 | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17308904 | doi = 10.1007/s00383-007-1878-x | s2cid = 22849471 }} It has replaced circumcision as the preferred treatment method for some physicians in the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[National Health Service]].{{cite journal | vauthors = Berdeu D, Sauze L, Ha-Vinh P, Blum-Boisgard C | title = Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatments for phimosis: a comparison of surgical and medicinal approaches and their economic effect | journal = BJU International | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 239–244 | date = February 2001 | pmid = 11167650 | doi = 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02033.x | s2cid = 2161551 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Chu CC, Chen KC, Diau GY | title = Topical steroid treatment of phimosis in boys | journal = The Journal of Urology | volume = 162 | issue = 3 Pt 1 | pages = 861–863 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10458396 | doi = 10.1097/00005392-199909010-00078 }} [122] => [123] => ==Side effects== [124] => *[[Euphoria]] [125] => *[[Depression (mood)|Depression]] [126] => *[[Adrenal insufficiency|Adrenal suppression]] [127] => *[[Hypertension]] [128] => *Groupings of fine blood vessels becoming prominent under the skin, [[petechiae]] [129] => *Excessive hair growth ([[hypertrichosis]]) [130] => *[[Ecchymoses]]{{cite web | url = http://davisplus.fadavis.com/3976/MedDeck/pdf/betamethasonesystemic.pdf | publisher = F.A. Davis | title = betamethasone | date = 2017 | access-date = 7 March 2017 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170908175627/https://davisplus.fadavis.com/3976/MedDeck/pdf/betamethasonesystemic.pdf | archive-date = 8 September 2017 }} [131] => [132] => Prolonged use of this medicine on extensive areas of skin, broken or raw skin, skin folds, or underneath airtight dressings may on rare occasions result in enough corticosteroid being absorbed to have side effects on other parts of the body; for example, by causing a decrease in the production of natural hormones by the [[adrenal gland]]s.{{original research inline|date=November 2023}} [133] => [134] => Betamethasone is also used prior to delivery of a [[preterm]] baby to help prepare the lungs for breathing. However, because betamethasone crosses the placenta, which is required for its beneficial effects, it may also be associated with complications, such as [[hypoglycemia]] and [[neutrophil leukocytosis|leukocytosis]] in newborns exposed ''[[Uterus|in utero]]''.{{original research inline|date=November 2023}} [135] => [136] => When injected into the [[epidural space]] or the spine, it may cause serious side effects like loss of vision, stroke, and paralysis.{{cite web|title=FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA requires label changes to warn of rare but serious neurologic problems after epidural corticosteroid injections for pain|url=https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm394280.htm|website=FDA|access-date=15 August 2016|date=23 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811081058/https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm394280.htm|archive-date=11 August 2016}} [137] => [138] => ==Pharmacology== [139] => {{main|Glucocorticoid#Pharmacology}} [140] => [141] => ==Forms== [142] => {{singlesource|section|date=November 2023}} [143] => Betamethasone is available in a number of compound forms: [[betamethasone dipropionate]] (branded as Diprosone, Diprolene, Celestamine, Procort (in Pakistan), and others), betamethasone sodium phosphate (branded as Bentelan in Italy) and [[betamethasone valerate]] (branded as Audavate, Betnovate, Celestone, [[Fucibet]], and others).{{fact|date=November 2023}} In the United States and Canada, betamethasone is mixed with [[clotrimazole]] and sold as Lotrisone and Lotriderm. It is also available in combination with [[salicylic acid]] (branded as Diprosalic) for using in psoriatic skin conditions. In some countries, it is also sold mixed with both [[clotrimazole]] and [[gentamicin]] to add an antibacterial agent to the mix.{{fact|date=November 2023}} [144] => [145] => [[Betamethasone sodium phosphate]] mixed with [[betamethasone acetate]] is available in the United States as Celestone Soluspan.{{cite web |title=Celestone Soluspan- betamethasone acetate and betamethasone sodium phosphate injection, suspension |website=DailyMed |date=18 November 2019 |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=7b5489a1-e30f-450f-bd2b-00d05fd52915 |access-date=29 March 2020}} [146] => [147] => == See also == [148] => *[[Betamethasone/dexchlorpheniramine]] [149] => [150] => == References == [151] => {{Reflist}} [152] => [153] => {{Glucocorticoids}} [154] => {{Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents}} [155] => {{Vasoprotectives}} [156] => {{Nasal preparations}} [157] => {{Drugs for obstructive airway diseases}} [158] => {{Otologicals}} [159] => {{Glucocorticoidics}} [160] => {{Portal bar | Medicine}} [161] => [162] => [[Category:Corticosteroids]] [163] => [[Category:Halohydrins]] [164] => [[Category:Organofluorides]] [165] => [[Category:Fluorinated corticosteroids]] [166] => [[Category:Drugs developed by Merck & Co.]] [167] => [[Category:Otologicals]] [168] => [[Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate]] [169] => [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] [] => )
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Betamethasone

Betamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid medication that is used to treat a variety of medical conditions. It is classified as a glucocorticoid, which means it works by decreasing inflammation in the body.

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It is classified as a glucocorticoid, which means it works by decreasing inflammation in the body. Betamethasone can be administered orally, topically, or via injection, depending on the condition being treated. It is commonly used to manage allergic reactions, skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis, and certain autoimmune disorders. Additionally, betamethasone is used in obstetrics to help mature the baby's lungs in high-risk pregnancies. This medication may have various side effects, including immune system suppression, increased risk of infection, and hormonal imbalances. It is important to use betamethasone as prescribed and under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

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