Array ( [0] => {{short description|SI derived unit of electric charge}} [1] => {{Other uses}} [2] => {{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=October 2019}} [3] => {{Infobox unit [4] => | bgcolour = [5] => | name = Coulomb [6] => | image = Charles de Coulomb.png [7] => | caption = Charles-Augustin de Coulomb [8] => | standard = [[International System of Units|SI]] [9] => | quantity = [[electric charge]] [10] => | symbol = C [11] => | namedafter = [[Charles-Augustin de Coulomb]] [12] => | units1 = [[SI base unit]]s [13] => | inunits1 = [[Ampere|A]]⋅[[second|s]] [14] => | units2 = [[CGS unit]]s [15] => | inunits2 = ≘ {{val|2997924580|u=[[statcoulomb|statC]]}} [16] => | units3 = [[Atomic units]] [17] => | inunits3 = ≈{{val|6.241509|e=18|ul=e}} [18] => }} [19] => The '''coulomb''' (symbol: '''C''') is the unit of [[electric charge]] in the [[International System of Units]] (SI). [20] => {{cite web [21] => |title=SI Brochure (2019) [22] => |work=SI Brochure [23] => |url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9.pdf [24] => |page=127 [25] => |publisher=[[BIPM]] [26] => |access-date=May 23, 2019 [27] => }} [28] => {{cite web [29] => |last=BIPM [30] => |date=20 May 2019 [31] => |title=Mise en pratique for the definition of the ampere in the SI [32] => |url=https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41489676/SI-App2-ampere.pdf/0987a90e-051b-dd7f-827d-3f7b32751a61?version=1.5&t=1637237858322&download=false [33] => |access-date=2022-02-18 [34] => |website=BIPM [35] => }} It is equal to the electric charge delivered by a 1 [[ampere]] current in 1 [[second]] and is defined in terms of the [[elementary charge]] ''e'', at about {{val|6.241509|e=18|u=''e''}}. [36] => [37] => == Name and history == [38] => {{SI unit lowercase|Charles-Augustin de Coulomb|coulomb|C}}{{cite web |url=http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618214631/http://www1.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |archive-date=2006-06-18 |url-status=live |publisher=BIPM |title=SI Brochure, Appendix 1 |page=144}} [39] => [40] => By 1878, the [[British Association for the Advancement of Science]] had defined the volt, ohm, and farad, but not the coulomb.W. Thomson, et al. (1873) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29853513#page/324/mode/1up "First report of the Committee for the Selection and Nomenclature of Dynamical and Electrical Units,"] ''Report of the 43rd Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science'' (Bradford, September 1873), pp. 222–225. From p. 223: "The 'ohm', as represented by the original standard coil, is approximately 109 C.G.S. units of resistance; the 'volt' is approximately 108 C.G.S. units of electromotive force; and the 'farad' is approximately 1/109 of the C.G.S. unit of capacity." In 1881, the [[International Electrical Congress]], now the [[International Electrotechnical Commission]] (IEC), approved the volt as the unit for electromotive force, the ampere as the unit for electric current, and the coulomb as the unit of electric charge.(Anon.) (September 24, 1881) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433090837489;view=1up;seq=309 "The Electrical Congress"], ''The Electrician'', '''7'''. [41] => At that time, the volt was defined as the potential difference [i.e., what is nowadays called the "voltage (difference)"] across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one [[watt]] of power. [42] => The coulomb (later "absolute coulomb" or "[[abcoulomb]]" for disambiguation) was part of the [[Centimetre–gram–second_system_of_units#Relations_between_ESU_and_EMU_units|EMU]] system of units. The "international coulomb" based on laboratory specifications for its measurement was introduced by the IEC in 1908. The entire set of "reproducible units" was abandoned in 1948 and the "international coulomb" became the modern coulomb.Donald Fenna, ''A Dictionary of Weights, Measures, and Units'', OUP (2002), 51f. [43] => [44] => == Definition == [45] => The [[International System of Units|SI]] defines the coulomb by taking the value of the elementary charge ''e'' to be {{val|1.602176634|e=-19|u=C}}, [46] => {{cite web [47] => |url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9.pdf [48] => |publisher=[[BIPM]] [49] => |page=132 [50] => |title=SI brochure (2019) [51] => |work=SI Brochure [52] => |access-date=May 23, 2019 [53] => }} but was [[Ampere#History|previously defined]] in terms of the force between two wires. The coulomb was originally defined, using the latter definition of the ampere, as {{nowrap|1 A × 1 s}}.{{cite web |title=The NIST Reference on Units, Constants, and Uncertainty |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/units.html}} [54] => The [[2019 redefinition of SI base units#Ampere|2019 redefinition of the ampere]] and other SI base units fixed the numerical value of the [[elementary charge]] when expressed in coulombs and therefore fixed the value of the coulomb when expressed as a multiple of the fundamental charge. [55] => [56] => One coulomb is approximately {{val|6,241,509,074,460,762,607.776|u=e}} (and is thus not an integer multiple of the elementary charge), where the number is the reciprocal of {{physconst|e|after=.}} The coulomb is exactly [57] => 1 ~ \mathrm{C} = \frac{1}{1.602\,176\,634 \times 10^{-19}} ~ e . [58] => [59] => ==SI prefixes== [60] => {{main|Orders of magnitude (charge)}} [61] => Like other SI units, the coulomb can be modified by adding a [[Metric prefix|prefix]] that multiplies it by a [[power of 10]]. [62] => {{SI multiples [63] => | unit=coulomb [64] => | symbol=C [65] => | note=Common multiples are in bold face. [66] => | mc=|m=|n=|p= [67] => }} [68] => [69] => == Conversions == [70] => * The magnitude of the electrical charge of one [[mole (unit)|mole]] of [[elementary charge]]s (approximately {{physconst|NA|round=3|unit=no|ref=no}}, the Avogadro number) is known as a [[Faraday constant|faraday unit of charge]] (closely related to the [[Faraday constant]]). One faraday equals {{physconst|F|unit=no|after= coulombs.}} In terms of the [[Avogadro constant]] (''N''A), one coulomb is equal to approximately {{val|1.036|e=-5|u=mol}} × ''N''A elementary charges. [71] => * A [[capacitor]] of one [[farad]] can hold one coulomb at a drop of one [[volt]]. [72] => * One [[ampere hour]] equals {{val|3600|u=C}}, hence {{val|1|u=mA⋅h}} = {{val|3.6|u=C}}. [73] => * One [[statcoulomb]] (statC), the obsolete [[CGS]] electrostatic unit of charge (esu), is approximately {{val|3.3356|e=-10|u=C}} or about one-third of a nanocoulomb. [74] => [75] => == In everyday terms == [76] => * The charges in [[static electricity]] from rubbing materials together are typically a few microcoulombs.{{cite web |url=http://www-zeuthen.desy.de/~pohlmadq/teach/112/ch16.pdf |publisher=[[DESY]] |title=Physics: Principles with Applications |author=Martin Karl W. Pohl | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718230251/http://www-zeuthen.desy.de/~pohlmadq/teach/112/ch16.pdf | archive-date=2011-07-18}} [77] => * The amount of charge that travels through a [[lightning|lightning bolt]] is typically around 15 C, although for large bolts this can be up to 350 C.Hasbrouck, Richard. [https://www.llnl.gov/str/pdfs/05_96.1.pdf Mitigating Lightning Hazards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005005230/https://www.llnl.gov/str/pdfs/05_96.1.pdf |date=2013-10-05 }}, Science & Technology Review May 1996. Retrieved on 2009-04-26. [78] => * The amount of charge that travels through a typical [[alkaline battery|alkaline]] [[AA battery]] from being fully charged to discharged is about {{val|5|u=kC}} = {{val|5000|u=C}} ≈ {{val|1400|u=[[ampere hour|mA⋅h]]}}.{{Google books|eftR-e1nVAgC|How to do everything with digital photography – David Huss|page=23}}, "The capacity range of an AA battery is typically from 1100–2200 mAh." [79] => * A typical smartphone battery can hold {{val|10,800|u=C}} ≈ {{val|3000|u=mA⋅h}}. [80] => [81] => == See also == [82] => * [[Abcoulomb]], a cgs unit of charge [83] => * [[Ampère's circuital law]] [84] => * [[Coulomb's law]] [85] => * [[Electrostatics]] [86] => * [[Elementary charge]] [87] => * [[Faraday constant]], the number of coulombs per mole of elementary charges [88] => [89] => == Notes and references == [90] => {{reflist|30em}} [91] => [92] => {{SI units}} [93] => [94] => [[Category:SI derived units]] [95] => [[Category:Units of electrical charge]] [] => )
good wiki

Coulomb

The Wikipedia page for Coulomb provides a comprehensive overview of the French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, his life, accomplishments, and contributions to the field of electromagnetism. It begins with a brief introduction, discussing his early life and education, followed by a section on his major contributions to science.

More about us

About

It begins with a brief introduction, discussing his early life and education, followed by a section on his major contributions to science. The page highlights Coulomb's most significant work, including his formulation of Coulomb's law, which established the quantitative relationship between the electrostatic force between two charged particles and the distance between them. This law laid the foundation for the study of electromagnetism and revolutionized the understanding of electric forces. The page also covers Coulomb's experiments on torsion balance, which led to the development of the Coulomb's torsion balance, an instrument used to measure the electrostatic force. His experiments and subsequent mathematical analysis helped him determine the inverse-square relationship between electrical forces and the distance between charges. In addition, the page discusses Coulomb's other notable contributions, such as his work on frictional electricity, the concept of electrical conductivity, and the invention of the torsion balance for precision measurements. It also highlights his published works in the field of physics and his recognition by the scientific community. Furthermore, the page provides information on the SI unit of electric charge named after Coulomb and mentions various applications of his discoveries, including the design of electrical circuits and the development of electric motors. The page concludes with a section on the legacy of Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, acknowledging his enormous impact on the field of electromagnetism and the influence of his laws and principles on the development of modern physics. It also lists significant honors and awards he received posthumously and discusses the ongoing relevance of his work in modern science. Overall, the Wikipedia page on Coulomb serves as an informative and well-rounded resource, covering the life, accomplishments, and contributions of this pioneering physicist.

Expert Team

Vivamus eget neque lacus. Pellentesque egauris ex.

Award winning agency

Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur elitorceat .

10 Year Exp.

Pellen tesque eget, mauris lorem iupsum neque lacus.

You might be interested in

Ampere

Ampere is the unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI).

Capacitor

A capacitor is an electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field.

Watt

Watt is the SI unit of power, named after the Scottish engineer James Watt.