Array ( [0] => {{short description|Handheld, hinged instrument used for grasping and holding objects}} [1] => [[File:Forceps plastic.jpg|thumb|Plastic forceps are intended to be disposable]] [2] => [3] => '''Forceps''' ({{plural form}}: '''forceps'''{{cite American Heritage Dictionary|forceps |access-date=2018-08-30}}{{cite Merriam-Webster|forceps |access-date=2018-08-30}} or considered a [[plurale tantum|plural noun without a singular]], often '''a pair of forceps''';{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/forceps?a=british. |title=forceps |encyclopedia=[[Cambridge English Dictionary]] |access-date=2018-08-30}}{{cite web |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/forceps |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043740/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/forceps |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |title=forceps - Definition of forceps in English by Oxford Dictionaries |website=Oxford Dictionaries - English |access-date=2018-08-30}} the Latin plural ''forcipes'' is no longer recorded in most dictionaries) are a handheld, hinged instrument used for grasping and holding objects. Forceps are used when fingers are too large to grasp small objects or when many objects need to be held at one time while the hands are used to perform a task. The term "forceps" is used almost exclusively in the fields of biology and medicine.{{Citation needed|reason=in many sciences they are referred to as foreceps|date=August 2019}} Outside biology and medicine, people usually refer to forceps as [[tweezers]], [[tongs]], [[pliers]], clips or [[Clamp (tool)|clamps]]. [4] => [5] => Mechanically, forceps employ the principle of the [[lever]] to grasp and apply pressure. [6] => [7] => Depending on their function, basic surgical forceps can be categorized into the following groups: [8] => # Non-disposable forceps. They should withstand various kinds of physical and chemical effects of body fluids, secretions, cleaning agents, and sterilization methods. [9] => # Disposable forceps. They are usually made of lower-quality materials or plastics which are disposed after use. [10] => [11] => [[Surgery|Surgical]] forceps are commonly made of high-grade [[carbon steel]], which ensures they can withstand repeated [[Sterilization (microbiology)|sterilization]] in high-temperature [[autoclave]]s. Some are made of other high-quality [[stainless steel]], [[chromium]] and [[vanadium]] alloys to ensure durability of edges and freedom from rust. Lower-quality steel is used in forceps made for other uses. Some [[disposable]] forceps are made of [[plastic]]. The invention of surgical forceps is attributed to [[Stephen Hales]].Scientific American inventions and discoveries By Rodney P. Carlisle. [12] => [13] => There are two basic types of forceps: non-locking (often called "thumb forceps" or "pick-ups") and locking, though these two types come in dozens of specialized forms for various uses.{{Citation needed|reason=in many sciences they are referred to as foreceps|date=August 2019}} Non-locking forceps also come in two basic forms: hinged at one end, away from the grasping end (colloquially such forceps are called tweezers) and hinged in the middle, rather like [[scissors]]. Locking forceps are almost always hinged in the middle, though some forms place the hinge very close to the grasping end. Locking forceps use various means to lock the grasping surfaces in a closed position to facilitate manipulation or to independently clamp, grasp or hold an object. [14] => [15] => == Thumb forceps == [16] => {{see also|Tweezers}} [17] => [[File:Forceps.jpg|thumb|Blunt-nosed thumb forceps with serrated tips for increased grip.]] [18] => [[Image:Adson forceps.svg|thumb|Adson tissue forceps. Note the 1×2 "teeth" on the lower tip.]] [19] => [[File:Debakey forceps.jpg|thumb|Debakey forceps, an "atraumatic" forceps used extensively in [[cardiothoracic surgery|cardiothoracic]], [[vascular surgery|vascular]] and [[head and neck surgery]].]] [20] => Thumb forceps, known simply as ''forceps'' in [[surgical specialties]], are commonly held in a pen grip between the [[thumb]] and [[index finger]] (sometimes also the [[middle finger]]), with the top end resting on the first [[dorsal interossei of the hand|dorsal interosseous muscle]] at the webspace between the thumb and index finger. Spring tension at the top end holds the grasping ends apart until pressure is applied. This provides an extended [[pinch (action)|pinch]] and allows the user to easily grasp, manipulate and quickly release small objects or delicate tissue with readily variable pressure. Thumb forceps are used to hold tissue still when applying sutures, to gently move tissues out of the way during exploratory surgery and to access confined cavities that are hard to reach with hands and fingers. [21] => [22] => Thumb forceps can have smooth tips, cross-hatched tips or serrated tips (often called "mouse's teeth"). Common arrangements of teeth are 1×2 (two teeth on one side meshing with a single tooth on the other), 7×7 and 9×9. Serrated forceps are used on tissue; counter-intuitively, teeth will damage tissue less than a smooth surface because one can grasp with less overall pressure. Smooth or cross-hatched forceps are used to move dressings, remove sutures and similar tasks. [23] => [24] => ==Locking forceps== [25] => Locking forceps, sometimes called ''clamps'', are used to grasp and firmly hold objects or [[body tissue]]s, or to apply external compression onto tubular structures such as [[blood vessel]]s or [[Gastrointestinal tract|intestines]]. When they are specifically used to occlude an [[artery]] to [[hemostasis|forestall bleeding]], they are called [[hemostat]]s. Another form of locking forceps is the [[needle holder]], used to guide a [[suturing needle]] through tissue. Many locking forceps use finger rings/loops to facilitate handling (see illustration, below, of Kelly forceps). The finger loops are usually grasped by the [[thumb]] and [[middle finger|middle]] or (more often) [[ring finger]], while the [[index finger]] is placed on the pivot to help stabilize and guide the instrument. [26] => [27] => The most common locking mechanism is a handle [[ratchet (device)|ratchet]], which consists of an asymmetrically serrated short protrusion near the finger loop of one of the handles, and a corresponding hook on the other. As the forceps are closed, the opposing teeth engage and interlock, keeping the handles adducted and the jaw surfaces clamped constantly. To unlock, a simple shearing push by the fingers is all that is needed to disengage the teeth and allow the grasping ends to move apart. [28] => [29] => === Kelly forceps === [30] => [[Image:Kelly Forceps.svg|thumb|right|Kelly forceps, shown closed and open]] [31] => Kelly forceps are a type of [[hemostat]] usually made of stainless steel. They resemble a pair of [[scissor]]s with the blade replaced by a blunted grip. They also feature a locking mechanism to allow them to act as clamps. [32] => Kelly forceps may be floor-grade (regular use) and as such not used for [[surgery]]. They may also be sterilized and used in operations, in both human and [[veterinary]] medicine. They may be either curved or straight. In surgery, they may be used for occluding [[blood vessel]]s, manipulating tissues, or for assorted other purposes. [33] => They are named for [[Howard Atwood Kelly]], M.D., first professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the [[Johns Hopkins School of Medicine]]. [34] => The "mosquito" variant of the tool is more delicate and has smaller, finer tips. Other varieties with similar, if more specialized, uses are Allis clamps, Babcocks, Kochers, Carmalts, and tonsils; all but the last bear the names of the surgeons who designed them. [35] => [36] => === Other medical forceps === [37] => Other types of forceps include: [38] => [39] => *[[Hartmann alligator forceps|Alligator forceps]] [40] => *Anesthesia forceps, often with smooth jaw surface for clamping [[tube (fluid conveyance)|tubes]] such as a [[double-lumen tube]] [41] => *Artery forceps, also known as a [[hemostat]] [42] => *Atraumatic forceps, Debaker forceps [43] => *Biopsy forceps [44] => *Bone-cutting forceps [45] => *Bone-reduction forceps [46] => *Bone-holding forceps [47] => *[[Bulldog forceps]] [48] => *Catheter forceps [49] => *Cilia forceps [50] => *Curettes forceps [51] => *Debaker forceps [52] => *Dermal forceps & nippers [53] => *Dressing forceps [54] => *Ear forceps [55] => *Eye forceps [56] => *Gallbladder forceps [57] => *Gerald forceps [58] => *Harvey forceps [59] => *[[Hemostat|Hemostatic forceps]] [60] => *Hysterectomy forceps [61] => *Intestinal forceps [62] => *[[Magill forceps]] [63] => *Microsurgery forceps [64] => *Nasal forceps [65] => *[[Needle holder]] [66] => *[[Obstetrical forceps]] [67] => *Postmortem forceps [68] => *Splinter forceps [69] => *Sponge forceps [70] => *Spreading forceps [71] => *Sterilizer forceps [72] => *Suture sundries forceps [73] => *[[Tenaculum]] forceps [74] => *Thoracic forceps [75] => *Thoracic surgical forceps [76] => *Thumb forceps [77] => *Tissue forceps [78] => *Tongue forceps [79] => *Tooth extracting forceps [80] => *Tubing forceps [81] => *Uterine forceps [82] => *Vulsellum forceps - used to grasp [[cervix|cervical]] lips to visualize the cervix. [83] => [84] => ==References== [85] => {{Reflist}} [86] => [87] => {{commons category}} [88] => {{Surgical instruments}} [89] => [90] => [[Category:Medical clamps]] [] => )
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Forceps

Forceps are a handheld surgical instrument used to grasp and manipulate tissues, organs, or other objects during surgical procedures. They consist of two arms that are joined at one end and are commonly used in obstetrics, gynecology, and various other surgical specialties.

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They consist of two arms that are joined at one end and are commonly used in obstetrics, gynecology, and various other surgical specialties. Forceps come in different sizes and designs depending on the intended use, with some having a locking mechanism to maintain a secure grip. They are typically made of stainless steel for sterilization purposes and are an essential tool for surgeons in performing precise and delicate procedures. Apart from medical use, forceps can also be found in other industries, such as in laboratory research and manufacturing processes.

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