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They are eukaryotic, meaning their cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Fungi are found in a wide range of habitats, from forests to deserts, and play crucial roles in ecosystems as decomposers and symbiotic partners to plants and animals. The body of a fungus is composed of thread-like structures called hyphae, which together form a mass of hyphae called a mycelium. Fungi obtain nutrients by absorbing organic matter from their environment and are known for their ability to break down complex substances such as cellulose and lignin. They play a vital role in recycling nutrients and carbon in ecosystems. There are various types of fungi including molds, yeasts, and mushrooms. Molds are typically filamentous and reproduce by producing spores that are dispersed by air or water. Yeasts are single-celled fungi that can reproduce by budding. Mushrooms, on the other hand, are the reproductive structures of certain fungi and produce spores for dispersal. Fungi have a significant impact on human societies and economies. They are used in various industries such as food and beverage production (e. g. , baking, brewing, cheese-making), pharmaceuticals (e. g. , production of antibiotics), and biotechnology (e. g. , production of enzymes). Fungi also have detrimental effects, causing diseases in plants, animals, and humans. The study of fungi is called mycology, and scientists have discovered and described thousands of fungal species. However, it is estimated that there are millions of fungi species yet to be identified. Research on fungi is ongoing, with a focus on their ecological roles, genetics, and potential applications in various fields.