Array ( [0] => {{Short description|Initialism for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender"}} [1] => {{About|the initialism|a topical guide|Outline of LGBT topics|LGBT people in society|LGBT history|and|LGBT community|and|LGBT culture|other uses}} [2] => {{pp|small=yes}} [3] => {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}{{Italic title}} [4] => [[File:Gay flag.svg|thumb|261x261px|A six-band [[Rainbow flag (LGBT)|rainbow flag]] representing the [[LGBT community]]]] [5] => {{LGBT sidebar|all}} [6] => [7] => '''''{{dfn|LGBT}}''''' is an [[Acronym|initialism]] that stands for "[[lesbian]], [[gay]], [[bisexual]], and [[transgender]]".{{Cite web |title=Definition of LGBT |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/lgbt |access-date=March 3, 2024 |website=Collins Dictionary}}{{Cite web |title=Definition of LGBT |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/LGBT |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}{{Citation |title=LGBT |work=The Free Dictionary |url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/LGBT |access-date=2024-03-04}}{{Cite web |last=Publishers |first=HarperCollins |title=The American Heritage Dictionary entry: LGBT |url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=LGBT |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=www.ahdictionary.com}} It may refer to anyone who is [[non-heterosexual]], [[non-heteroromantic]], or non-[[cisgender]], instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. {{Cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Sam J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RrhhDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22allocishet%22&pg=PT219 |title=Uncanny Magazine Issue 23: July/August 2018 |last2=Szpara |first2=K. M. |last3=Kalaw |first3=R. K. |last4=Sjunneson-Henry |first4=Elsa |last5=Rustad |first5=A. Merc |last6=Bolander |first6=Brooke |last7=Hvide |first7=Brit E. B. |last8=Bledsoe |first8=Alex |last9=Kowal |first9=Mary Robinette |date=2018-07-03 |publisher=Uncanny Magazine |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Definition of LGBT |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/lgbt?q=LGBT |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Cambridge Dictionary}} A variant, '''''{{dfn|LGBTQ}}''''', adds the letter ''Q'' for those who identify as [[queer]] (which can be [[Synonym|synonymous]] with LGBT){{Cite web |title=APA Dictionary of Psychology |url=https://dictionary.apa.org/queer |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=dictionary.apa.org |language=en}} or are [[Questioning (sexuality and gender)|questioning]] their sexual or [[gender identity]].{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/05/23/civilities-what-does-the-acronym-lgbtq-stand-for/|access-date=19 February 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|title=Civilities, What does the acronym LGBTQ stand for?|archive-date=3 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103082543/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/05/23/civilities-what-does-the-acronym-lgbtq-stand-for/|url-status=live }} Another variation, '''''LGBTQ+''''', adds a [[plus sign]] "represents those who are part of the community, but for whom LGBTQ does not accurately capture or reflect their identity".{{Cite web |title=APA Dictionary of Psychology |url=https://dictionary.apa.org/lgbtq |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=dictionary.apa.org |language=en}} Many further variations of the acronym exist, such as '''''LGBT+''''' (simplified to encompass the ''Q'' concept within the plus sign),{{Cite web |title=Dictionary.com {{!}} Meanings & Definitions of English Words |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/lgbt+ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Dictionary.com |language=en}} '''''LGBTQIA+''''' (adding [[intersex]], [[asexuality|asexual]], [[aromantic]] and [[agender]]),{{Cite web |title=Definition of LGBTQIA |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/LGBTQIA |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}} and '''''2SLGBTQ+''''' (adding [[two-spirit]] for a term specific to [[Indigenous North Americans]]). The ''LGBT'' label is not universally agreed to by everyone that it is generally intended to include. The variations '''GLBT''' and '''GLBTQ''' rearrange the letters in the acronym.{{Cite web |title=Definition of GLBT |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/GLBT |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Definition of GLBTQ |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/GLBTQ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}} In use since the late 1980s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an [[Hyponymy and hypernymy|umbrella term]] for marginalized [[Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures|sexualities and gender identities]].{{Cite journal|last1=Parent|first1=Mike C.|last2=DeBlaere|first2=Cirleen|last3=Moradi|first3=Bonnie|date=June 2013|title=Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities|journal=Sex Roles|volume=68|issue=11–12|pages=639–645|doi=10.1007/s11199-013-0283-2|s2cid=144285021}} [8] => [9] => ''LGBT'' is an adaptation of '''''{{dfn|LGB}}''''', which in the mid-to-late 1980s began to replace the term ''gay'' (or ''gay and lesbian'') in reference to the broader [[LGBT community]].''Acronyms, Initialisms & Abbreviations Dictionary'', Volume 1, Part 1. Gale Research Co., 1985, {{ISBN|978-0-8103-0683-7}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=JDtUAAAAMAAJ Factsheet five, Issues 32–36, Mike Gunderloy, 1989] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906161715/https://books.google.com/books?id=JDtUAAAAMAAJ |date=6 September 2015 }} When not inclusive of transgender people, the shorter ''LGB'' is still used.{{cite book | last=Bohan | first=Janis S. | title=Psychology and Sexual Orientation: Coming to Terms | publisher=Routledge | year=1996 | isbn=978-0-415-91514-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5IzSjeq1S8C | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906160451/https://books.google.com/books?id=v5IzSjeq1S8C | url-status=live }} [10] => [11] => == History of the term == [12] => {{Further|Terminology of homosexuality}} [13] => [[File:Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Stonewall Inn]] in the [[gay village]] of [[Greenwich Village]], [[LGBT culture in New York City|Manhattan]], site of the June 1969 [[Stonewall riots]], the cradle of the modern [[LGBT rights]] movement and an icon of [[LGBT culture]], is adorned with [[Rainbow flag (LGBT)|rainbow pride flags]].{{cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/new-york/articles/why-new-york-city-is-a-major-destination-for-lgbt-travelers/|title=Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers|author=Julia Goicichea|publisher=The Culture Trip|date=16 August 2017|access-date=2 February 2019|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102084000/https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/new-york/articles/why-new-york-city-is-a-major-destination-for-lgbt-travelers/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/25/nyregion/stonewall-inn-named-national-monument-a-first-for-gay-rights-movement.html|title=Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement|author=Eli Rosenberg|newspaper=The New York Times|date=24 June 2016|access-date=25 June 2016|archive-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506010607/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/25/nyregion/stonewall-inn-named-national-monument-a-first-for-gay-rights-movement.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/diversity/stonewall.htm |title=Workforce Diversity The Stonewall Inn, National Historic Landmark National Register Number: 99000562 |publisher=National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=21 April 2016 |archive-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306222059/http://www.nps.gov/diversity/stonewall.htm |url-status=live }}]] [14] => [[File:Palco BolognaPride08.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|LGBT publications, [[pride parade]]s, and related events, such as this stage at [[Bologna]] Pride 2008 in Italy, increasingly drop the ''LGBT'' initialism instead of regularly adding new letters, and dealing with issues of placement of those letters within the new title.Cahill, Sean, and Bryan Kim-Butler. "Policy priorities for the LGBT community: Pride Survey 2006." New York, NY: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (2006).]] [15] => The first widely used term, ''[[homosexual]]'', now a term used primarily in scientific contexts, has at times carried negative connotations in the United States.[https://www.glaad.org/reference/style Media Reference Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227131845/https://www.glaad.org/reference/style |date=27 December 2019 }} (citing AP, [[The Washington Post|Washington Post]] style guides), [[GLAAD]]. Retrieved 23 December 2019. ''[[Gay]]'' became a popular term in the 1970s.{{cite book |last=Ross |first=E. Wayne |title=The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7914-6909-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4qFMqjxte9IC |access-date=2 July 2015 |archive-date=19 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619085357/https://books.google.com/books?id=4qFMqjxte9IC |url-status=live }} [16] => [17] => As lesbians forged more public identities, the phrase ''gay and lesbian'' became more common. A dispute as to whether the primary focus of their political aims should be [[feminism]] or [[gay rights]] led to the dissolution of some lesbian organizations, including [[Daughters of Bilitis]], which was founded by [[Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon]],{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqt4krhmQrwC&dq=daughters+of+bilitis+founder&pg=PA394 |title=Rebels, Rubyfruit, and Rhinestones: Queering Space in the Stonewall South - James Thomas Sears - Google Books |isbn=9780813529646 |access-date=2 May 2022 |last1=Sears |first1=James Thomas |year=2001 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |archive-date=14 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514161912/https://books.google.com/books?id=wqt4krhmQrwC&dq=daughters+of+bilitis+founder&pg=PA394 |url-status=live }} but disbanded in 1970 following disputes over which goal should take precedence.{{cite journal | last1 = Esterberg | first1 = Kristen | year = 1994 | title = From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement | journal = Gender and Society | volume = 8 | issue = 3| pages = 424–443 |doi=10.1177/089124394008003008 | s2cid = 144795512 }} As equality was a priority for [[lesbian feminism|lesbian feminists]], disparity of roles between men and women or [[butch and femme]] were viewed as [[patriarchy|patriarchal]]. Lesbian feminists eschewed [[gender role]] play that had been pervasive in bars as well as the perceived [[chauvinism]] of [[gay men]]; many lesbian feminists refused to work with gay men or take up their causes.Faderman, Lillian (1991). ''Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America'', Penguin Books. {{ISBN|0-14-017122-3}}, p. 210–211. [18] => [19] => Lesbians who held the [[essentialism|essentialist]] view that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor ''lesbian'' to define sexual attraction often considered the [[Feminist separatism|separatist]] opinions of lesbian-feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights.Faderman (1991), p. 217–218. Bisexual and transgender people also sought recognition as legitimate categories within the larger minority community.{{cite news | last=Swain | first=Keith W. | title=Gay Pride Needs New Direction | newspaper=[[Denver Post]] | date=21 June 2007 | url=http://www.denverpost.com/ci_6198394?source=rss | access-date=5 July 2008 | archive-date=21 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421235751/http://www.denverpost.com/ci_6198394?source=rss | url-status=live }} [20] => [21] => In the late 1970s and the early 1980s, after the elation of change following group action in the 1969 [[Stonewall riots]] in [[New York City]], some gays and lesbians became less accepting of [[bisexual]] or [[transgender]] people.{{cite book |last1=Leli |first1=Ubaldo |first2=Jack |last2=Drescher |title=Transgender Subjectivities: A Clinician's Guide |publisher=Haworth Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7890-2576-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QiJryCzrZmYC |access-date=2 July 2015 |archive-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906145439/https://books.google.com/books?id=QiJryCzrZmYC |url-status=live }}{{cite book |last1=Alexander |first1=Jonathan |first2=Karen |last2=Yescavage |title=Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of The Others |publisher=Haworth Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-56023-287-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SOe4igsrbgC |access-date=2 July 2015 |archive-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906150516/https://books.google.com/books?id=2SOe4igsrbgC |url-status=live }} Critics{{like whom?|date=September 2018}} said that transgender people were acting out [[stereotypes]], and bisexuals were simply gay men or lesbian women who were afraid to [[coming out|come out]] and be honest about their identity. Each community has struggled to develop its own identity including whether, and how, to align with other [[gender]] and sexuality-based communities, at times excluding other subgroups; these conflicts continue to this day. LGBTQ activists and artists have created posters to raise consciousness about the issue since the movement began.{{cite web|url=http://www.politicalgraphics.org/out-of-the-closet|website=[[Center for the Study of Political Graphics]]|access-date=1 October 2016|title=Out of the Closet and Into the Streets|archive-date=2 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002103737/http://www.politicalgraphics.org/out-of-the-closet|url-status=live}} [22] => [23] => From about 1988, activists began to use the initialism ''LGBT'' in the United States.[https://books.google.com/books?id=PiglAQAAIAAJ Research, policy and practice: Annual meeting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619085339/https://books.google.com/books?id=PiglAQAAIAAJ |date=19 June 2019 }}, American Educational Research Association Verlag AERA, 1988. Not until the 1990s within the movement did gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people gain equal respect. This spurred some organizations to adopt new names, as the [[GLBT Historical Society]] did in 1999.{{cite web |url=https://www.glbthistory.org/timeline |title=Our History |last=Koskovich |first=Gerard |website=The GLBT Historical Society |access-date=7 January 2022 |archive-date=7 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107212644/https://www.glbthistory.org/timeline |url-status=live }} Although the LGBT community has seen much controversy regarding universal acceptance of different member groups (bisexual and transgender individuals, in particular, have sometimes been [[Social exclusion|marginalized]] by the larger LGBT community), the term ''LGBT'' has been a positive symbol of [[Social inclusion|inclusion]].{{cite book |last=Shankle |first=Michael D. |title=The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service |publisher=Haworth Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-56023-496-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyLSKD5voC |access-date=2 July 2015 |archive-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906170653/https://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyLSKD5voC |url-status=live }} [24] => [25] => Despite the fact that ''LGBT'' does not nominally encompass all individuals in smaller communities (see Variants below), the term is generally accepted to include those not specifically identified in the four-letter initialism. Overall, the use of the term ''LGBT'' has, over time, largely aided in bringing otherwise marginalized individuals into the general community. Transgender actress [[Candis Cayne]], in 2009, described the LGBT community as "the last great minority", noting that "we can still be harassed openly" and be "called out on television".{{cite news|title=I Advocate...|date=March 2009|work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|publisher=Issue #1024|page=80}} [26] => [27] => In 2016, [[GLAAD]]'s Media Reference Guide states that ''LGBTQ'' is the preferred initialism, being more inclusive of younger members of the communities who embrace ''[[queer]]'' as a self-descriptor.{{cite web|last1=Ring|first1=Trudy|title=Expanding the Acronym: GLAAD Adds the Q to LGBT|url=http://www.advocate.com/media/2016/10/26/expanding-acronym-glaad-adds-q-lgbt|publisher=Advocate|access-date=30 October 2016|date=26 October 2016|archive-date=14 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514161913/https://www.advocate.com/media/2016/10/26/expanding-acronym-glaad-adds-q-lgbt|url-status=live}} Some people consider ''queer'' to be a derogatory term originating in [[hate speech]] and reject it, especially among older members of the community.{{cite book |last=Nadal |first=Kevin |title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVYoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1384 |access-date=3 January 2019 |date=15 April 2017 |publisher=SAGE Publications |location=Thousand Oaks, California |isbn=978-1-4833-8427-6 |page=1384 |oclc=994139871 |archive-date=19 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619085340/https://books.google.com/books?id=lVYoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1384 |url-status=live }} [28] => [29] => == Variants == [30] => [[File:Plaza de Mayo LGBT.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|2010 [[pride parade]] in [[Plaza de Mayo]], [[Buenos Aires]], which used the LGBTIQ initialism{{cite web|url=http://www.marchadelorgullo.org.ar/|title=Marcha del Orgullo LGBTIQ|language=es|publisher=Comisión Organizadora de la Marcha (C.O.M.O)|access-date=2 December 2016|archive-date=8 October 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021008094404/http://www.marchadelorgullo.org.ar/|url-status=live}}]] [31] => [[File:Helsinki Pride Parade I (5897488480).jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|People gathering at the [[Senate Square, Helsinki|Senate Square]], [[Helsinki]], right before the [[Helsinki Pride|2011 Helsinki Pride parade]] started]] [32] => [33] => Many variants exist, such as the more inclusive '''''{{dfn|LGBT+}}''''' and variations that change the order of the letters or include additional letters. At least some of the components of sexuality (regarding hetero, bi, straight), and also [[gender identity|gender]] are stated to be on different [[human sexuality spectrum|spectrums of sexuality]].{{cite web |title=LGBT+ mental health |url=https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/living-with-mental-illness/wellbeing-physical-health/lgbtplus-mental-health/ |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=LGBT+ mental health |language=en |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224214757/https://www.rethink.org/advice-and-information/living-with-mental-illness/wellbeing-physical-health/lgbtplus-mental-health/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url=http://news.trust.org/item/20190426194739-w5zag/|title=Armenia's LGBT+ community still waits for change one year after revolution|last=Vikhrov|first=Natalie|date=26 April 2019|website=Thomson Reuters Foundation|access-date=28 April 2019|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224103611/http://news.trust.org/item/20190426194739-w5zag/|url-status=live}} Other common variants also exist, such as '''''LGBTQIA''''',{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/LGBTQIA|title=LGBTQIA|author=Merriam-Webster|website=Merriam-Webster.com|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access-date=7 January 2021 |quote=Definition of LGBTQIA: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning (one's sexual or gender identity), intersex, and asexual/aromantic/agender|archive-date=7 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107090134/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/LGBTQIA|url-status=live}} with the ''I'' standing for [[intersex]] and the ''A'' standing for [[Asexuality|asexual]], [[aromantic]], or [[agender]],{{cite web|url=https://www.glaad.org/blog/asexual-agender-aromantic|title=A is for Asexual, Agender, Aromantic|date=11 February 2015|website=glaad|access-date=28 March 2023|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326211810/https://www.glaad.org/blog/asexual-agender-aromantic|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Kuykendall|first=Emily|title=What the A in LGBTQIA+ Stands For|url=http://www.buddy-project.org/articles/asexual-aromantic|url-status=live|date=20 June 2016|access-date=21 May 2021|website=Buddy Project|language=en-US|quote=The A in LGBTQIA+ stands for asexual, aromantic, and agender ... .|archive-date=21 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521215113/http://www.buddy-project.org/articles/asexual-aromantic}} and '''''LGBTQIA+''''', where "the '+' represents those who are part of the community, but for whom LGBTQ does not accurately capture or reflect their identity".{{cite web|title=LGBTQIA+|url=https://uncw.edu/lgbtqia/facstaff-resources/lgbtqia.html|access-date=31 August 2021|url-status=dead|website=www.uncw.edu|language=en|archive-date=2023-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503035352/https://uncw.edu/lgbtqia/facstaff-resources/lgbtqia.html}} Longer initialisms have been criticized as confusing or unwieldy,{{cite web |url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1303522/the-new-rainbow-pride-flag-is-a-design-disaster-but-a-triumph-for-lgbtq-inclusiveness/ |title=The new rainbow pride flag is a design disaster—but a triumph for LGBTQ inclusiveness |publisher=Quartz |date=12 June 2018 |access-date=7 July 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628214003/https://qz.com/quartzy/1303522/the-new-rainbow-pride-flag-is-a-design-disaster-but-a-triumph-for-lgbtq-inclusiveness/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web|title=Coming to terms with terms|url=http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/9-24-2019/Coming-to-terms-with-terms/|access-date=25 June 2020|website=www.oakpark.com|date=24 September 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629054846/https://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/9-24-2019/Coming-to-terms-with-terms/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Oli|date=4 December 2019|title=The challenge of generosity|url=https://oliverarditi.com/2019/12/04/the-challenge-of-generosity/|access-date=25 June 2020|website=Oliver Arditi|language=en|archive-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628115531/https://oliverarditi.com/2019/12/04/the-challenge-of-generosity/|url-status=live}} sometimes being referred to as "[[alphabet soup (linguistics)|alphabet soup]]",{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/linda-demarco/no-more-alphabet-soup_b_1527958.html |title=No More Alphabet Soup |work=The Huffington Post |date=18 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203014445/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/linda-demarco/no-more-alphabet-soup_b_1527958.html |archive-date= 3 February 2015 |url-status=live |first1=Linda |last1=DeMarco |first2=Sylvain |last2=Bruni |orig-year=1st pub. 18 May 2012 |id=1527958 }} and mocked with labels such as {{Wt|en|LGBTQWERTY}}, {{Wt|en|LGBTQXYZ}}, and {{Wt|en|alphabet mafia}}.{{Cite web |title=Radio 4 is becoming a parody of itself |url=https://www.spiked-online.com/2023/01/06/radio-4-is-becoming-a-parody-of-itself/ |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=Spiked |language=en-GB |quote=One of the most dynamic cultural events of past year was not any of the LGBTQWERTY 're-imaginings' so beloved of Radio 4's fawning arts coverage... |date=6 January 2023 |first=Julie |last=Burchill}}{{Cite web |date=15 August 2022 |title='Klanned Parenthood': Bailey's running mate's old social media posts surface |url=https://wgntv.com/news/klanned-parenthood-baileys-running-mates-old-social-media-posts-surface/ |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=WGN-TV |language=en-US |quote="Just say no! The LGBTQXYZ agenda is aggressively trying to repurpose classic stories and films. How can a godmother be genderless? Satan is a liar!" Trussell posted in 2020 about actor Billy Porter playing a genderless fairy godmother.}}{{Citation |last=Seitzer |first=Helen |title=The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community |date=2022 |work=Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion |series=Global Dynamics of Social Policy |pages=227–253 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9 |isbn=978-3-030-83402-9 |s2cid=244654734 |quote=The public confusion over acronyms and pronouns goes so far that people ironically label the LGBTQ+ community "alphabet mafia" on social media platforms|doi-access=free }} The implication that the initialism refers to a single community is also controversial.{{cite book |last1=Finnegan |first1=Dana G. |first2 = Emily B. |last2=McNally |title=Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities |publisher=Haworth Press |year=2002|isbn= 978-1-56023-925-3 |url =https://archive.org/details/counselinglesbia2002finn |url-access=registration }} [34] => [35] => Although identical in meaning, ''LGBT'' may have a more [[feminist]] connotation than ''{{dfn|GLBT}}'' as it places the "L" (for "lesbian") first. ''LGBT'' may also include additional Qs for "[[queer]]" or "[[questioning (sexuality and gender)|questioning]]" (sometimes abbreviated with a question mark and sometimes used to mean anybody not literally L, G, B or T) producing the variants ''LGBTQ'' and ''{{dfn|LGBTQQ}}''.{{cite book | last=Bloodsworth-Lugo | first=Mary K. | title=In-Between Bodies: Sexual Difference, Race, and Sexuality | publisher=SUNY Press | year=2007 | isbn=978-0-7914-7221-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph74JKY_5dwC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906145702/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph74JKY_5dwC | url-status=live }}{{cite book | last1=Alder | first1=Christine | first2=Anne | last2=Worrall | title=Girls' Violence: Myths and Realities | publisher=SUNY Press | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-7914-6110-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0ye93mW0eUC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906153055/https://books.google.com/books?id=O0ye93mW0eUC | url-status=live }}{{cite book | last1=Cherland | first1=Meredith Rogers | first2=Helen J. | last2=Harper | title=Advocacy Research in Literacy Education: Seeking Higher Ground | publisher=Routledge | year=2007 | isbn=978-0-8058-5056-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ct_5Cf1aH0kC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906154218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ct_5Cf1aH0kC | url-status=live }} The order of the letters has not been standardized; in addition to the variations between the positions of the initial "L" or "G", the mentioned, less common letters, if used, may appear in almost any order. In [[Hebrew]] and [[Peninsular Spanish]], ''LGTB'' ({{lang|he|להט"ב}}) is used, that is, reversing the letters "B" and "T".[http://www.wdg.co.il/%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%9C-%D7%91%D7%90%D7%94-%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99-%D7%94%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9-%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90-%D7%90%D7%AA-%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99-%D7%94/]{{cite web |url=https://www.fundeu.es/recomendacion/lgtb-en-mayusculas-1074/ |title=LGTB, en mayúsculas |date=22 September 2011 |access-date=19 December 2021 |archive-date=19 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219162045/https://www.fundeu.es/recomendacion/lgtb-en-mayusculas-1074/ |url-status=live }} [36] => Variant terms do not typically represent political differences within the community, but arise simply from the preferences of individuals and groups.{{cite book | last1=Brown | first1=Catrina | first2=Tod | last2=Augusta-Scott | title=Narrative Therapy: Making Meaning, Making Lives | publisher=Sage Publications Inc | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-4129-0988-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=STMieEKGGikC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906165342/https://books.google.com/books?id=STMieEKGGikC | url-status=live }} [37] => [38] => The terms ''[[pansexual]]'', ''omnisexual'', ''[[sexual fluidity|fluid]]'' and ''queer-identified'' are regarded as falling under the umbrella term ''bisexual'' (and therefore are considered a part of the [[bisexual community]]). Some use ''LGBT+'' to mean "LGBT and related communities". Other variants may have a "U" for "unsure"; a "C" for "curious"; another "T" for "[[transvestism|transvestite]]"; a "TS", "2S", or "2" for "[[two-spirit]]" persons; or an "SA" for "[[straight ally|straight allies]]".{{cite book | last1=Lebaron | first1=Sarah | first2=Jessica | last2=Pecsenye | first3=Becerra | last3=Roland | first4=Jon | last4=Skindzier | title=Oberlin College: Oberlin, Ohio | publisher=College Prowler, Inc | year=2005 | isbn=978-1-59658-092-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3RFabY6chcC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906160313/https://books.google.com/books?id=T3RFabY6chcC | url-status=live }}{{cite book | last1=Chen | first1=Edith Wen-Chu | first2=Glenn | last2=Omatsu | title=Teaching about Asian Pacific Americans: Effective Activities, Strategies, and Assignments for Classrooms and Communities (Critical Perspectives on Asian Pacific Americans) | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-7425-5338-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JqLOnyU081kC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906152229/https://books.google.com/books?id=JqLOnyU081kC | url-status=live }}{{cite book | last=Babb | first=Florence E. | title=After Revolution: Mapping Gender and Cultural Politics in Neoliberal Nicaragua | publisher=University of Texas Press | year=2001|isbn= 978-0-292-70900-3| url = https://archive.org/details/afterrevolution00flor| url-access=registration }}{{cite book | last=Padilla | first=Yolanda C. | title=Gay and Lesbian Rights Organizing: Community-based Strategies | publisher=Haworth Press | year=2003 | isbn=978-1-56023-275-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DN2KGHnYN0EC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906172637/https://books.google.com/books?id=DN2KGHnYN0EC | url-status=live }}{{cite book | last1=Swigonski | first1=Mary E. | first2=Robin S. | last2=Mama | first3=Kelly | last3=Ward | first4=Matthew | last4=Shepard | title=From Hate Crimes to Human Rights: A Tribute to Matthew Shepard | publisher=Haworth Press | year=2001 | isbn=978-1-56023-257-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fzp9QP0h6bAC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906152612/https://books.google.com/books?id=fzp9QP0h6bAC | url-status=live }} The inclusion of straight allies in the LGBT initialism has proven controversial, as many straight allies have been accused of using LGBT advocacy to gain popularity and status in recent years,{{cite journal|last=Becker|first=Ron|title=Gay-Themed Television and the Slumpy Class: The Affordable, Multicultural Politics of the Gay Nineties|journal=Television & New Media|date=2006|volume=7|pages=184–215|doi=10.1177/1527476403255830|issue=2|s2cid=145717408|issn=1527-4764}} and various LGBT activists have criticised the heteronormative worldview of certain straight allies.{{cite journal|last=DeTurk|first=Sara|title=Allies in Action: The Communicative Experiences of People Who Challenge Social Injustice on Behalf of Others|journal=Communication Quarterly|date=2011|volume=59|issue=5|pages=569–590|doi=10.1080/01463373.2011.614209|issn=0146-3373|doi-access=free}} Some may also add a "P" for "[[polyamorous]]" or "[[pangender]]", an "H" for "[[HIV|HIV-affected]]", or an "O" for "other".{{cite book | last=O'Rourke | first=P. J. | title=Peace Kills: America's Fun New Imperialism | publisher=Grove Press | year=2001 | isbn=978-0-8021-4198-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IqivmWcKYZEC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=9 July 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191755/https://books.google.com/books?id=IqivmWcKYZEC | url-status=live }} The initialism ''{{dfn|LGBTIH}}'' has seen use in [[India]] to encompass the [[Hijra (South Asia)|hijra]] [[third gender]] identity and the related subculture.{{cite web|last1=Gurjar|first1=Kaumudi|title=Maiden stage act by city's LGBT face gets censor's chop|url=http://www.punemirror.in/pune/cover-story/Maiden-stage-act-by-citys-LGBT-face-gets-censors-chop/articleshow/45312884.cms|website=punemirror.in|publisher=Pune Mirror|access-date=22 December 2014|archive-date=28 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528092821/http://www.punemirror.in/pune/cover-story/Maiden-stage-act-by-citys-LGBT-face-gets-censors-chop/articleshow/45312884.cms|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|last1=McCusker|first1=Ros|title=Gay Leeds — Your comprehensive guide to all things gay in Leeds|url=http://www.gayleeds.com/editors/article/_LGB-or-LGBT-or-LGBTQ-or-What/|website=gayleeds.com|access-date=22 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109003322/http://www.gayleeds.com/editors/article/_LGB-or-LGBT-or-LGBTQ-or-What/|archive-date=9 January 2015}} [39] => [40] => Adding the term ''allies'' to the initialism has sparked controversy,{{cite web|last1=Kelly|first1=Morgan|title=Adding 'allies' to LGBT acronym sparks controversy|url=http://www.iowastatedaily.com/news/article_50e5e8f6-5edc-11e4-a17f-f77a797314c5.html|website=iowastatedaily.com|publisher=Iowa State Daily|access-date=29 December 2014|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305001010/http://www.iowastatedaily.com/news/article_50e5e8f6-5edc-11e4-a17f-f77a797314c5.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/equinox-gyms-pride-video-the-lgbtqalphabet-leaves-out-important-letter-63252|title=Why People Are Upset About Equinox Gym's Pride Video|date=8 June 2017|access-date=28 March 2023|website=Bustle|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810223928/https://www.bustle.com/p/equinox-gyms-pride-video-the-lgbtqalphabet-leaves-out-important-letter-63252|url-status=live}} with some seeing the inclusion of ally in place of asexual/aromantic/agender as a form of [[LGBT erasure]].{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/matthews-place/why-the-a-doesnt-stand-for-ally-b31395c06150|title=Why the A doesn't stand for Ally|date=19 May 2020|access-date=28 March 2023|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326211811/https://medium.com/matthews-place/why-the-a-doesnt-stand-for-ally-b31395c06150|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last1=Richard |first1=Katherine |title=Column: "A" stands for asexuals and not allies |url=http://www.loyolamaroon.com/2.6713/column-a-stands-for-asexuals-and-not-allies-1.2833151 |website=loyolamaroon.com |publisher=The Maroon |access-date=29 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206150654/http://www.loyolamaroon.com/2.6713/column-a-stands-for-asexuals-and-not-allies-1.2833151 |archive-date= 6 December 2013 |quote=That "A" is not for allies[,] [t]hat "A" is for asexuals. [...] Much like bisexuality, asexuality suffers from erasure. |url-status=dead }} There is also the [[acronym]] ''{{dfn|QUILTBAG}}'' (queer and questioning, unsure, intersex, lesbian, transgender and two-spirit, bisexual, asexual and aromantic, and gay and genderqueer).{{cite web|url=http://www.apex-magazine.com/reaching-into-the-quiltbag-the-evolving-world-of-queer-speculative-fiction/|title=Reaching into the QUILTBAG: The Evolving World of Queer Speculative Fiction|work=Apex Magazine|access-date=6 October 2014|date=6 March 2012|archive-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009003519/http://www.apex-magazine.com/reaching-into-the-quiltbag-the-evolving-world-of-queer-speculative-fiction/|url-status=live}}{{anchor|LGBTIQA+}} Similarly ''{{dfn|LGBTIQA+}}'' stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual and many other terms (such as non-binary and pansexual)".{{cite web|url=https://www.latrobe.edu.au/students/support/wellbeing/lgbtiqa-services/what-lgbtiqa-means|title=What does LGBTIQA+ mean|last=University|first=La Trobe|website=www.latrobe.edu.au|language=en|access-date=13 October 2018|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013093334/https://www.latrobe.edu.au/students/support/wellbeing/lgbtiqa-services/what-lgbtiqa-means|url-status=live}}{{Cite web |title=LGBTIQA+ glossary of common terms |url=https://aifs.gov.au/resources/resource-sheets/lgbtiqa-glossary-common-terms |access-date=9 December 2022 |website=aifs.gov.au |language=en |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209130116/https://aifs.gov.au/resources/resource-sheets/lgbtiqa-glossary-common-terms |url-status=live }} [41] => [42] => In [[Canada]], the community is sometimes identified as ''LGBTQ2'' (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and two spirit).{{cite web |url=https://pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2017/11/28/government-canada-initiatives-support-lgbtq2-communities-and-promote-diversity-and |title=Government of Canada initiatives to support LGBTQ2 communities and promote diversity and inclusion |date=28 November 2017 |website=JUSTIN TRUDEAU, PRIME MINISTER OF CANADA |access-date=8 January 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109012040/https://pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2017/11/28/government-canada-initiatives-support-lgbtq2-communities-and-promote-diversity-and |url-status=live }} Depending on which organization is using the abbreviation, the choice of initialism changes. Businesses and the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] often simply employ ''LGBT'' as a proxy for any longer abbreviation, private activist groups often employ ''LGBTQ+'',{{cite web|url=https://www.rainbowrefugee.com/|title=Rainbow Refugee|access-date=8 January 2019|archive-date=12 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112043352/http://www.rainbowrefugee.com/|url-status=live}} whereas public health providers favour the more inclusive ''LGBT2Q+'' to accommodate twin spirited [[indigenous peoples]].{{cite web |title=LGBT2Q+ |url=http://www.vch.ca/public-health/health-topics-a-z/topics/lgbt2q+ |website=www.vch.ca |access-date=8 January 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109110908/http://www.vch.ca/public-health/health-topics-a-z/topics/lgbt2q+ |url-status=live }} For a time, the [[Pride Toronto]] organization used the much lengthier initialism ''{{dfn|LGBTTIQQ2SA}}'', but appears to have dropped this in favour of simpler wording.{{cite news |last1=Szklarski |first1=Cassandra |title=Is it time to drop LGBTQ's 'infinitely expanding alphabet' for something simpler? {{!}} CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/lgbtq-queer-sexual-diversity-pride-labels-acronym-1.3661094 |access-date=8 January 2019 |work=CBC |date=2 July 2016 |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619085342/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/lgbtq-queer-sexual-diversity-pride-labels-acronym-1.3661094 |url-status=live }} Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] was also criticized for using the ''2SLGBTQQIA+'' initialism.{{Cite news |last=Allen |first=Nick |date=8 October 2021 |title=Justin Trudeau mocked for using 2SLGBTQQIA+ acronym for sexual identities |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/10/08/justin-trudeau-mocked-using-2slgbtqqia-acronym-sexual-identities/ |access-date=18 July 2023 |issn=0307-1235}}{{Cite news |last=Mitchell |first=Charlie |date=17 July 2023 |title=Justin Trudeau mocked for using extended LGBT acronym |newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/justin-trudeau-mocked-for-using-extended-lgbt-acronym-3ll2vlfzm |access-date=18 July 2023 |issn=0140-0460}} As of July 2023, the Government of Canada's official term is ''2SLGBTQI+''.{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Women and Gender Equality |date=19 August 2020 |title=2SLGBTQI+ terminology – Glossary and common acronyms |url=https://women-gender-equality.canada.ca/en/free-to-be-me/2slgbtqi-plus-glossary.html |access-date=18 July 2023 |website=women-gender-equality.canada.ca}} Trudeau's new acronym was criticized by some social media users.{{Cite web |title=Trudeau criticized for upgrading "LGBTQ+ to 2SLGBTQI+" |url=https://www.albawaba.com/node/trudeau-criticized-upgrading-lgbtqi-2slgbtqi-1520669 |access-date=18 July 2023 |website=[[Al Bawaba]] |language=en}} [43] => [44] => === Transgender inclusion === [45] => The term ''trans*'' has been adopted by some groups as a more inclusive alternative to "transgender", where ''trans'' (without the asterisk) has been used to describe [[trans men]] and [[trans women]], while ''trans*'' covers all non-cisgender ([[genderqueer]]) identities, including transgender, transsexual, transvestite, genderqueer, [[genderfluid]], [[Non-binary gender|non-binary]], [[genderfuck]], genderless, agender, non-gendered, third gender, two-spirit, [[bigender]], and trans man and trans woman.{{cite news |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2014/01/10/trans_what_does_it_mean_and_where_did_it_come_from.html |title=What Does Trans* Mean, and Where Did It Come From?' |first=Hugh |last=Ryan |date=10 January 2014 |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |access-date=21 May 2014 |archive-date=21 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521104711/http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2014/01/10/trans_what_does_it_mean_and_where_did_it_come_from.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://vadenprd.stanford.edu/special-topics/lgbtq-health/glossary |title=Glossary of Transgender Terms |date=14 February 2014 |work=Vaden Health Center Stanford University |access-date=21 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521105407/http://vadenprd.stanford.edu/special-topics/lgbtq-health/glossary |archive-date=21 May 2014 }} Likewise, the term ''[[transsexual]]'' commonly falls under the umbrella term ''transgender'', but some transsexual people object to this. [46] => [47] => === Intersex inclusion === [48] => {{main|Intersex and LGBT}} [49] => Those who add [[intersex]] people to LGBT groups or organizations may use the extended initialism '''''{{dfn|LGBTI}}''''',William L. Maurice, Marjorie A. Bowman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HX9HAAAAMAAJ Sexual medicine in primary care] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906150820/https://books.google.com/books?id=HX9HAAAAMAAJ |date=6 September 2015 }}, Mosby Year Book, 1999, {{ISBN|978-0-8151-2797-0}} or '''''{{dfn|LGBTIQ}}'''''.{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/trans-women-march-for-their-rights-in-conservative-indonesia/4894550.html|title=Trans Women March for Their Rights in Conservative Indonesia|last=Siddharta|first=Amanda|date=28 April 2019|website=VOA|language=en|access-date=28 April 2019|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428120725/https://www.voanews.com/a/trans-women-march-for-their-rights-in-conservative-indonesia/4894550.html|url-status=live}} [50] => [51] => The relationship of [[intersex]] to lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans, and queer communities is complex,{{cite web |last=Dreger |first=Alice |title=Reasons to Add and Reasons NOT to Add "I" (Intersex) to LGBT in Healthcare |date=4 May 2015 |access-date=8 May 2021 |url=https://www.aamc.org/download/431576/data/reasonsdeck.pdf |publisher=[[Association of American Medical Colleges]] |archive-date=9 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609230211/https://www.aamc.org/download/431576/data/reasonsdeck.pdf |url-status=live }} but intersex people are often added to the LGBT category to create an LGBTI community. Some [[intersex]] people prefer the initialism ''LGBTI'', while others would rather that they not be included as part of the term.{{cite book | last=Aragon | first=Angela Pattatuchi | title=Challenging Lesbian Norms: Intersex, Transgender, Intersectional, and Queer Perspectives | publisher=Haworth Press | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-56023-645-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=usruybRjfMUC | access-date=5 July 2008 | archive-date=22 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122110205/http://books.google.com/books?id=usruybRjfMUC | url-status=live }}{{cite book |last1=Makadon |first1=Harvey J. |first2=Kenneth H. |last2=Mayer |first3=Jennifer |last3=Potter |first4=Hilary |last4=Goldhammer |title=The Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health |publisher=ACP Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-930513-95-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsRwtwb-He8C |access-date=2 July 2015 |archive-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906161311/https://books.google.com/books?id=VsRwtwb-He8C |url-status=live }} [[Emi Koyama]] describes how inclusion of intersex in ''LGBTI'' can fail to address intersex-specific human rights issues, including creating false impressions "that intersex people's rights are protected" by laws protecting LGBT people, and failing to acknowledge that many [[intersex]] people are not LGBT.{{cite web| last = Koyama| first = Emi| title = Adding the "I": Does Intersex Belong in the LGBT Movement?| work = Intersex Initiative| url = http://www.intersexinitiative.org/articles/lgbti.html| access-date = 18 May 2016| archive-date = 17 May 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160517075057/http://www.intersexinitiative.org/articles/lgbti.html| url-status = dead}} [[Organisation Intersex International Australia]] states that some intersex individuals are same-sex attracted, and some are heterosexual, but "LGBTI activism has fought for the rights of people who fall outside of expected binary sex and gender norms".{{cite web | title = Intersex for allies | url = http://oii.org.au/allies | date = 21 November 2012 | access-date = 18 May 2016 | archive-date = 7 June 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160607042937/http://oii.org.au/allies/ | url-status = live }}[http://gaynewsnetwork.com.au/news/oii-releases-new-resource-on-intersex-issues-13999.html OII releases new resource on intersex issues] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606202143/http://gaynewsnetwork.com.au/news/oii-releases-new-resource-on-intersex-issues-13999.html |date=6 June 2014 }}, ''Intersex for allies'' and ''Making services intersex inclusive'' by Organisation Intersex International Australia, via Gay News Network, 2 June 2014. [[Julius Kaggwa]] of SIPD [[Uganda]] has written that, while the gay community "offers us a place of relative safety, it is also oblivious to our specific needs".{{Cite news| issn = 0261-3077| last = Kaggwa| first = Julius| title = I'm an intersex Ugandan – life has never felt more dangerous| work = [[The Guardian]]| access-date = 3 October 2016| date = 19 September 2016| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/16/intersex-ugandan-lgbt-gay-rights-life-never-felt-more-dangerous?| archive-date = 6 October 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161006015137/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/16/intersex-ugandan-lgbt-gay-rights-life-never-felt-more-dangerous| url-status = live}} [52] => [53] => Numerous studies have shown higher rates of same-sex attraction in intersex people,{{Citation| publisher = The Hastings Center Bioethics Forum| last1 = Dreger| first1 = Alice| last2 = Feder| first2 = Ellen K| last3 = Tamar-Mattis| first3 = Anne| title = Preventing Homosexuality (and Uppity Women) in the Womb?| date = 29 June 2010| access-date = 18 May 2016| url = http://www.thehastingscenter.org/Bioethicsforum/Post.aspx?id=4754| archive-date = 2 April 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160402051942/http://www.thehastingscenter.org/Bioethicsforum/Post.aspx?id=4754| url-status = live}} with a recent Australian study of people born with atypical [[Sexual characteristics|sex characteristics]] finding that 52% of respondents were non-heterosexual;{{cite web | url = https://oii.org.au/30313/intersex-stories-statistics-australia/ | title = New publication "Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia" | work = [[Organisation Intersex International Australia]] | date = 3 February 2016 | access-date = 18 August 2016 | archive-date = 29 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160829033933/https://oii.org.au/30313/intersex-stories-statistics-australia/ | url-status = dead }}{{Cite book|publisher=Open Book Publishers |isbn=978-1-78374-208-0 |last1=Jones |first1=Tiffany |last2=Hart |first2=Bonnie |last3=Carpenter |first3=Morgan |last4=Ansara |first4=Gavi |last5=Leonard |first5=William |last6=Lucke |first6=Jayne |title=Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia |location=Cambridge, UK |date=2016 |access-date=2 February 2016 |url=http://oii.org.au/wp-content/uploads/key/Intersex-Stories-Statistics-Australia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914152729/http://oii.org.au/wp-content/uploads/key/Intersex-Stories-Statistics-Australia.pdf |archive-date=14 September 2016 }} thus, research on intersex subjects has been used to explore means of preventing homosexuality.{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1089/cap.1990.1.279| issn = 1044-5463| volume = 1| issue = 4| pages = 279–283| last = Meyer-Bahlburg| first = Heino F.L.| title = Will Prenatal Hormone Treatment Prevent Homosexuality?| journal = Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology| date = January 1990| quote = human studies of the effects of altering the prenatal hormonal milieu by the administration of exogenous hormones lend support to a prenatal hormone theory that implicates both androgens and estrogens in the development of gender preference ... it is likely that prenatal hormone variations may be only one among several factors influencing the development of sexual orientation}} As an experience of being born with sex characteristics that do not fit social norms,{{cite web | author = | publisher = United Nations [[Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights]] | title = Free & Equal Campaign Fact Sheet: Intersex | date = 2015 | url = https://unfe.org/system/unfe-65-Intersex_Factsheet_ENGLISH.pdf | access-date = 28 March 2016 | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071043/https://unfe.org/system/unfe-65-Intersex_Factsheet_ENGLISH.pdf | url-status = live }} intersex can be distinguished from transgender,[http://www.assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=20057&lang=en Children's right to physical integrity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226081751/http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=20057&lang=en |date=26 December 2013 }}, [[Council of Europe]] Parliamentary Assembly, Report Doc. 13297, 6 September 2013.{{cite web |url=http://interactyouth.org/post/100048044990/laverne-cox-is-on-this-weeks-faking-it-in-honor |title=Trans? Intersex? Explained! |publisher=[[Advocates for Informed Choice#Inter/Act|Inter/Act]] |access-date=10 July 2013 |archive-date=18 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018091459/http://interactyouth.org/post/100048044990/laverne-cox-is-on-this-weeks-faking-it-in-honor |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=https://oii.org.au/18194/differences-intersex-trans/ |title=Basic differences between intersex and trans |publisher=[[Organisation Intersex International Australia]] |access-date=10 July 2013 |date=3 June 2011 |archive-date=4 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904081530/http://oii.org.au/18194/differences-intersex-trans/ |url-status=live }} while some intersex people are both intersex and transgender.{{Citation| publisher = Intersex Day| last = Cabral Grinspan| first = Mauro| author-link1 = Mauro Cabral| title = The marks on our bodies| date = 25 October 2015| url = http://intersexday.org/en/mauro-cabral-marks-bodies/| access-date = 4 October 2016| archive-date = 5 April 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160405220557/http://intersexday.org/en/mauro-cabral-marks-bodies/| url-status = live}} [54] => [55] => === Asexual, aromantic and agender inclusion === [56] => {{main|Asexuality|Aromanticism|Agender}} [57] => In the early 2010s, [[asexuality]] and [[aromanticism]] started gaining wider recognition. Around 2015, they were included in the expanded initialism '''''LGBTQIA''''', with the A standing for ''asexual'', ''aromantic'', commonly grouped together as ''[[wikt:a-spec|a-spec]]'' along with ''[[agender]]''. [58] => [59] => Asexual individuals experience minimal to no sexual attraction to others, and it is crucial to acknowledge that asexuality is a legitimate sexual orientation, not a deficiency or a temporary state. Similarly, aromantic individuals lack romantic attraction to others, yet they can still forge profound emotional connections and strong bonds with people without the romantic component. Furthermore, agender individuals either have no gender identity or possess a neutral or genderless gender identity.{{Cite journal |date=19 September 2019 |title=In this issue |journal=Lab Animal |volume=48 |issue=10 |pages=269 |doi=10.1038/s41684-019-0416-5 |issn=0093-7355|doi-access=free }} [60] => [61] => Some people have mistakenly claimed the A stands for ally, but allies are not a marginalized group and mentions of A for ally have regularly sparked controversy as a form of [[LGBT erasure]]. [62] => [63] => == Criticism of the term == [64] => [[File:Were a gay and happy family wagon.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|LGBT families, like these in a 2007 [[LGBT culture in Boston|Boston]] [[pride parade]], are labeled as ''[[non-heterosexual]]'' by researchers for a variety of reasons.{{cite book | last = Klesse | first = Christian | title = The Spectre of Promiscuity: Gay Male and Bisexual Non-Monogamies and Polyamories | publisher = Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. | isbn = 978-0-7546-4906-9 | year = 2007 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_UR77Hw2WLYC | access-date = 2 July 2015 | archive-date = 6 September 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150906172622/https://books.google.com/books?id=_UR77Hw2WLYC | url-status = live }}{{clarify |reason=Does this source really claim that trans individuals are "non-heterosexual"? This needs a page number, and an excerpt. |date=May 2018}}{{better source needed |reason=As the title of the reference indicates, this book is about gay males and bisexuals; an assertion about "LGBT families" would be better off in a book covering all facets of LGBT. |date=May 2018}}]] [65] => The initialisms ''LGBT'' or ''GLBT'' are not agreed to by everyone that they encompass. For example, some argue that [[transgender]] and [[transsexual]] causes are not the same as that of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people.{{cite book | last=Wilcox | first=Melissa M. | title=Coming Out in Christianity: Religion, Identity, and Community | publisher=Indiana University Press | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-253-21619-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjdhpMnHEIMC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906172731/https://books.google.com/books?id=yjdhpMnHEIMC | url-status=live }} This argument centers on the idea that being transgender or transsexual has to do more with gender identity, or a person's understanding of being or not being a man or a woman irrespective of their sexual orientation. LGB issues can be seen as a matter of [[sexual orientation]] or attraction. These distinctions have been made in the context of political action in which LGB goals, such as [[same-sex marriage]] legislation and [[human rights]] work (which may not include transgender and intersex people), may be perceived to differ from transgender and transsexual goals. [66] => [67] => A belief in "lesbian and gay separatism" (not to be confused with the related "[[lesbian separatism]]") holds that lesbians and gay men form (or should form) a community distinct and separate from other groups normally included in the LGBTQ sphere.{{cite book | last=Mohr | first=Richard D. | title=Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society, and Law | publisher=Columbia University Press | year=1988 | isbn=978-0-231-06735-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dfUw8Zl0kPEC | access-date=5 July 2008 | archive-date=19 June 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619085713/https://books.google.com/books?id=dfUw8Zl0kPEC | url-status=live }} While not always appearing in sufficient numbers or organization to be called a [[social movement|movement]], separatists are a significant, vocal, and active element within many parts of the LGBT community.{{cite book | last=Blasius | first=Mark | title=Gay and Lesbian Politics: Sexuality and the Emergence of a New Ethic | publisher=Temple University Press | year=1994 | isbn=978-1-56639-173-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=89C9DGEertsC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906162432/https://books.google.com/books?id=89C9DGEertsC | url-status=live }} In some cases separatists will deny the existence or right to equality of bisexual orientations and of transsexuality, sometimes leading public [[biphobia]] and [[transphobia]]. In contrasts to separatists, [[Peter Tatchell]] of the LGBT human rights group [[OutRage!]] argues that to separate the transgender movement from the LGB would be "political madness", stating that:{{cite web|last1=Tatchell|first1=Peter|title=LGB - but why T?|url=http://www.mother-ship.com/blog/lgbt-lesbian-gay-bisexual-but-why-transgender-1721|website=mother-ship.com|publisher=Mothership Blog|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703020520/http://www.mother-ship.com/blog/lgbt-lesbian-gay-bisexual-but-why-transgender-1721|archive-date=3 July 2009|date=24 June 2009|quote=To try and separate the LGB from the T, and from women, is political madness. Queers are, like transgender people, gender deviant. We don't conform to traditional heterosexist assumptions of male and female behaviour, in that we have sexual and emotional relationships with the same sex. We should celebrate our discordance with mainstream straight norms. The right to be different is a fundamental human right. The idea that we should conform to straight expectations is demeaning and insulting.|url-status=dead}} [68] => [69] =>
Queers are, like transgender people, gender deviant. We don't conform to traditional heterosexist assumptions of male and female behaviour, in that we have sexual and emotional relationships with the same sex. We should celebrate our discordance with mainstream straight norms.
[70] => [71] => The portrayal of an all-encompassing "LGBT community" or "LGB community" is also disliked by some lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people.{{cite book | last=Sycamore | first=Matt Bernstein | title=That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation | publisher=Soft Skull Press | year=2005 | isbn=978-1-932360-56-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4moAP04OpPIC | access-date=5 July 2008 | archive-date=22 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122123638/http://books.google.com/books?id=4moAP04OpPIC | url-status=live }}{{cite book | last=Carlsson | first=Chris | title=The Political Edge | publisher=City Lights Books | year=2005|isbn=978-1-931404-05-1|url = https://archive.org/details/politicaledge00carl [72] => | url-access=registration |access-date=5 July 2008 }} Some do not subscribe to or approve of the [[LGBT rights|political and social solidarity, and visibility and human rights campaigning]] that normally goes with it, including [[LGBT pride]] marches and events. Some of them believe that grouping together people with non-heterosexual orientations perpetuates the myth that being gay/lesbian/bi/asexual/pansexual/etc. makes a person deficiently different from other people. These people are often less visible compared to more mainstream gay or LGBT activists. Since this faction is difficult to distinguish from the heterosexual majority, it is common for people to assume all LGBT people support LGBT liberation and the visibility of LGBT people in society, including the right to live one's life differently from the majority.{{cite book | last=Leondar-Wright | first=Betsy | title=Class Matters: Cross-Class Alliance Building for Middle-Class Activists | publisher=New Society Publishers | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-86571-523-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aD4yphfHBWMC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906155708/https://books.google.com/books?id=aD4yphfHBWMC | url-status=live }} In the 1996 book ''Anti-Gay'', a collection of essays edited by [[Mark Simpson (journalist)|Mark Simpson]], the concept of a 'one-size-fits-all' identity based on [[LGBT stereotypes]] is criticized for suppressing the individuality of LGBT people.{{cite web|url=http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/anti_gay.html |title=Anti-Gay |publisher=Marksimpson.com |access-date=23 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927113556/http://www.marksimpson.com/pages/anti_gay.html |archive-date=27 September 2011 }} [73] => [74] => {{Anchor|Drop the T}}Writing in the [[BBC News Magazine]] in 2014, [[Julie Bindel]] questions whether the various gender groupings now, "bracketed together[,] ... share the same issues, values and goals?" Bindel refers to a number of possible new initialisms for differing combinations and concludes that it may be time for the alliances to either be reformed or go their "separate ways".{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28130472|title=Viewpoint: Should gay men and lesbians be bracketed together?|author=Julie Bindel|date=2 July 2014|work=[[BBC News Magazine]]|access-date=4 July 2014|author-link=Julie Bindel|archive-date=3 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703195331/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28130472|url-status=live}} In 2015, the slogan "'''Drop the T'''" was coined to encourage [[LGBT rights organization|LGBT organizations]] to stop support of [[transgender]] people as they say that sexual orientation, LGB, does not share similarity with gender identity, the T. The campaign has been condemned by many [[List of LGBT-related organizations and conferences|LGBT groups]] as [[transphobia|transphobic]].{{cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/transgender/2015/11/06/lgbt-groups-respond-petition-asking-drop-t|title=LGBT Groups Respond to Petition Asking to 'Drop the T'|date=6 November 2015|website=www.advocate.com|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517163841/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2015/11/06/lgbt-groups-respond-petition-asking-drop-t|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2015/11/12/drop-the-t-counter-petition-surpases-original/|title=Signatures for 'Drop The T' counter-petition surpass original - PinkNews · PinkNews|website=www.pinknews.co.uk|date=12 November 2015|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517163842/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2015/11/12/drop-the-t-counter-petition-surpases-original/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/drop-the-t-petition-backlash|title=Why More Than 1,000 People Have Signed a Petition to Drop the "T" From LGBT|website=Teen Vogue|date=9 November 2015|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517163840/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/drop-the-t-petition-backlash|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/gay-transphobia-2015-styl_b_8546278|title=Gay Transphobia, 2015 Style|first1=Dana|last1=Beyer|date=12 November 2015|website=HuffPost|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-date=17 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517172713/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/gay-transphobia-2015-styl_b_8546278|url-status=live}} [75] => [76] => == Alternative terms == [77] => [78] => === Queer === [79] => {{Main|Queer}} [80] => Many have expressed desire for an [[umbrella term]] to replace existing initialisms.{{cite book | last=Atkins | first=Dawn | title=Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and Transgender Communities | publisher=Haworth Press | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-7890-0463-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rd31TPHaxdEC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906162509/https://books.google.com/books?id=Rd31TPHaxdEC | url-status=live }} ''[[Queer]]'' gained popularity as an umbrella-term for sexual and gender minorities in the 21st century.{{Cite journal |last=Worthen |first=Meredith G. F. |date=1 February 2023 |title=Queer identities in the 21st century: Reclamation and stigma |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352250X22002330 |journal=Current Opinion in Psychology |volume=49 |pages=101512 |doi=10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101512 |pmid=36463589 |s2cid=253377540 |issn=2352-250X}} The term remains controversial, particularly among older LGBT people, who perceive it as offensive due to its historical usage as a [[Pejorative|slur]], as well as those who wish to dissociate themselves from [[queer radicalism]],{{Cite journal |last=Gamson |first=Joshua |date=1995 |title=Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3096854 |journal=Social Problems |language=en |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=390–407 |doi=10.1525/sp.1995.42.3.03x0104z |jstor=3096854 |issn=0037-7791}} and those who see it as amorphous and trendy.{{Cite book |last1=Ayoub |first1=Phillip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7hlHBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT137 |title=LGBT Activism and the Making of Europe: A Rainbow Europe? |last2=Paternotte |first2=David |date=20 October 2014 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-39176-6 |language=en}} Some younger people feel ''queer'' is a more politically charged, more powerful term than ''LGBT''.{{cite book |last=Armstrong |first=Elizabeth A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnYy6hSdocAC |title=Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950–1994 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-226-02694-7 |access-date=5 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122141703/http://books.google.com/books?id=jnYy6hSdocAC |archive-date=22 November 2012 |url-status=live}}{{cite book | last=Halpin | first=Mikki | title=It's Your World—If You Don't Like It, Change It: Activism for Teenagers | publisher=Simon and Schuster | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-689-87448-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ud3Zzo2-VMsC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906152241/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ud3Zzo2-VMsC | url-status=live }} In a 2018 U.S. study, about 1 in 5 LGBTQ people identified as "queer". [81] => [82] => === SGM/GSM/GSRM === [83] => {{See also|Sexual minority|Gender minority|Romantic minority}} [84] => '''''SGM''''', or '''''GSM''''',{{cite web|last=Besanvalle|first=James|date=20 July 2018|title=Five alternative terms you can use instead of LGBT|url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/five-alternative-terms-instead-lgbt/|access-date=20 January 2021|website=Gay Star News|language=en-GB|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128054231/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/five-alternative-terms-instead-lgbt/|url-status=live}} an abbreviation for [[Sexual minority|sexual]] and [[gender minority|gender minorities]], has gained particular currency in government, academia, and medicine. '''''GSRM''''' is also used to include [[romantic minorities]] such as [[aromanticism]].{{Citation |last1=Choudhuri |first1=Devika Dibya |title=Multiplicity of LGBTQ+ Identities, Intersections, and Complexities |date=20 September 2019 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429447297-1 |work=Rethinking LGBTQIA Students and Collegiate Contexts |pages=3–16 |access-date=9 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323053831/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429447297-1/multiplicity-lgbtq-identities-intersections-complexities-devika-dibya-choudhuri-kate-curley |url-status=live |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9780429447297-1 |isbn=978-0-429-44729-7 |s2cid=210355997 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |last2=Curley |first2=Kate}}{{Citation |last=Lapointe |first=Alicia |title=Postgay |date=2016 |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55425-3_21 |work=Critical Concepts in Queer Studies and Education: An International Guide for the Twenty-First Century |pages=205–218 |editor-last=Rodriguez |editor-first=Nelson M. |access-date=9 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323053845/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/978-1-137-55425-3_21 |url-status=live |series=Queer Studies and Education |place=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |language=en |doi=10.1057/978-1-137-55425-3_21 |isbn=978-1-137-55425-3 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |editor2-last=Martino |editor2-first=Wayne J. |editor3-last=Ingrey |editor3-first=Jennifer C. |editor4-last=Brockenbrough |editor4-first=Edward}} [85] => [86] => In New Zealand, [[Human Rights Commission (New Zealand)|New Zealand Human Rights Commission]] uses "Rights of Sexual and Gender Minorities" to discuss the LGBT rights.{{Citation |last=New Zealand Human Rights Commission |title=Human Rights in New Zealand |pages=304–323 |year=2010 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601145057/https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/MFAT-report-Human-Rights-Review-2010.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403101920/https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/1914/2388/0525/HRNZ_10_rights_of_sexual_and_gender_minorities.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2015 |chapter=Rights of Sexual and Gender Minorities |chapter-url=https://www.hrc.co.nz/files/1914/2388/0525/HRNZ_10_rights_of_sexual_and_gender_minorities.pdf |place=New Zealand |publication-place=New Zealand |publisher=none |author-link=Human Rights Commission (New Zealand)}} [87] => [88] => In India, the [[Constitution bench (India)|Constitutional Bench]] of the [[Supreme Court of India]] when decriminalizing homosexuality in the case of [[Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India|''Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India'' ''(2018)'']]'','' said:{{Cite court|litigants=Navtej Singh Johar {{Abbr|&|and}} {{Abbr|Ors.|Others}} versus Union of India {{abbr|thr.|through}} Its Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice|opinion=2018 INSC 790|court=[[Supreme Court of India]]|date=6 September 2018|url=https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2016/14961/14961_2016_Judgement_06-Sep-2018.pdf}} [89] => [90] => {{Blockquote|Individuals belonging to sexual and gender minorities experience discrimination, stigmatization, and, in some cases, denial of care on account of their sexual orientation and gender identity. However, it is important to note that 'sexual and gender minorities' do not constitute a homogenous group, and experiences of social exclusion, marginalization, and discrimination, as well as specific health needs, vary considerably. Nevertheless, these individuals are united by one factor - that their exclusion, discrimination and marginalization is rooted in societal heteronormativity and society's pervasive bias towards gender binary and opposite-gender relationships, which marginalizes and excludes all non-heteronormative sexual and gender identities.{{Cite court|litigants=Navtej Singh Johar {{Abbr|&|and}} {{Abbr|Ors.|Others}} versus Union of India {{abbr|thr.|through}} Its Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice|court=[[Supreme Court of India]]|opinion=2018 INSC 790|pinpoint=para. 72, page no 93 in concurring opinion by Justice [[Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud|D.Y. Chandrachud]]|date=6 September 2018|url=https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2016/14961/14961_2016_Judgement_06-Sep-2018.pdf}}}} [91] => [92] => The term "Sexual and Gender Minority" has been adopted by the [[National Institutes of Health]],{{cite web|title=Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office|url=https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sgmro|access-date=23 November 2020|website=National Institutes of Health|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015435/https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sgmro|url-status=live}} the [[Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services]]{{cite web|title=Sexual and Gender Minority Clearinghouse|url=https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/OMH/resource-center/hcps-and-researchers/data-tools/sgm-clearinghouse|access-date=23 November 2020|website=Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123162325/https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/OMH/resource-center/hcps-and-researchers/data-tools/sgm-clearinghouse|url-status=live}} and the UCLA [[Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy|Williams Institute]], which studies SGM law and policy.{{cite web|last=Park|first=Andrew|date=July 2016|title=A Development Agenda for Sexual and Gender Minorities|url=https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/development-agenda-sgm/|access-date=23 November 2020|website=Williams Institute|language=en-US|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030521/https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/development-agenda-sgm/|url-status=live}} [[Duke University]] and the [[University of California, San Francisco|University of California San Francisco]] both have prominent sexual and gender minority health programs.{{cite web|title=Duke Sexual and Gender Minority Health Program|url=https://dukesgmhealth.org/|url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2021|website=Duke University|language=en|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613110406/https://dukesgmhealth.org/}}{{cite web|title=Center for Sexual & Gender Minority Health|url=https://sgmhealth.ucsf.edu/home|url-status=live|access-date=13 June 2021|website=University of California San Francisco|language=en|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613110416/https://sgmhealth.ucsf.edu/home}} An NIH paper recommends the term ''SGM'' because it is inclusive of "those who may not self-identify as LGBT ... or those who have a specific medical condition affecting reproductive development".{{Citation|title=Strategic Plan to Advance Research on the Health and Well-being of Sexual and Gender Minorities|date=|url=https://www.edi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/EDI_Public_files/sgm-strategic-plan.pdf|publisher=National Institutes of Health|access-date=23 November 2020|archive-date=18 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318075832/https://www.edi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/EDI_Public_files/sgm-strategic-plan.pdf|url-status=live}} A publication from the [[White House Office of Management and Budget]] states, "We believe that SGM is more inclusive, because it includes persons not specifically referenced by the identities listed in LGBT."{{cite web|date=August 2020|title=Updates on Terminology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Survey Measures|url=https://nces.ed.gov/FCSM/pdf/FCSM_SOGI_Terminology_FY20_Report_FINAL.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=21 June 2021|website=Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology, under the auspices of the Office of Management and Budget|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608193829/https://nces.ed.gov/fcsm/pdf/FCSM_SOGI_Terminology_FY20_Report_FINAL.pdf}} [93] => [94] => A UK government paper favors SGM because initials like LGBTIQ+ stand for terms that, especially outside the [[Global North]], are "not necessarily inclusive of local understandings and terms used to describe sexual and gender minorities".{{Citation|title=Gender and Strategic Communications in Conflict and Stabilisation Contexts|date=January 2020|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/866351/How_to_Guide_on_Gender_and_Strategic_Communication_in_Conflict_and_Stabilisation_Contexts_-_January_2020_-_Stabilisation_Unit.pdf|publisher=HM Government|access-date=23 November 2020|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101050719/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/866351/How_to_Guide_on_Gender_and_Strategic_Communication_in_Conflict_and_Stabilisation_Contexts_-_January_2020_-_Stabilisation_Unit.pdf|url-status=live}} An example of usage outside the Global North is the [[Constitution of Nepal]], which identifies "gender and sexual minorities" as a protected class.{{Citation|title=Constitution of Nepal|url=http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/981|year=2015|publisher=Nepal Law Commission|access-date=24 November 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930151001/http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/981|url-status=live}} [95] => [96] => === Further umbrella terms === [97] => [98] => In Canada especially, the term ''{{dfn|2SLGBTQ+}}'' is seen, with the first two characters standing for [[two-spirit]]; the whole term stands for two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and questioning, and is intended as a term encompassing all sexual- and gender-minorities. For some [[First Nations in Canada|indigenous people]], ''two-spirit'' invokes a combination of identities, including sexual, gender, cultural, and spiritual.{{cite book |editor1=Jessica Antony |editor2=Wayne Antony |editor3=Les Samuelson |author1=Jessica Antony |author2=Wayne Antony |date=2022 |title=Power and Resistance, 7th ed.: Critical Thinking About Canadian Social Issues |publisher=Fernwood Publishing |location=Halifax |page=389 |isbn=978-1-77363-539-2 |oclc=1288193829 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=an52EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA389 |access-date=5 January 2023 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105085721/https://books.google.com/books?id=an52EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA389 |url-status=live }} [99] => [100] => Some people advocate the term "minority sexual and gender identities" (MSGI, coined in 2000) for the purpose of explicitly including all people who are not [[cisgender]] and [[heterosexual]] or "gender, sexual, and romantic minorities" (GSRM), which is more explicitly inclusive of [[Romantic orientation|minority romantic orientations]] and [[polyamory]], but those have not been widely adopted either.{{cite web | title=Welcome to the Bradford University Minority Sexual and Gender Identity Site! | publisher=Bradford Uni MSGI Society | year=2008 | url=http://lgbt.wikidot.com/ | access-date=9 September 2008 | archive-date=27 August 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827175247/http://lgbt.wikidot.com/ | url-status=live }}{{cite web|url=http://www.acronymfinder.com/Gender,-Sexual,-and-Romantic-Minorities-%28GSRM%29.html|title=GSRM - Gender, Sexual, and Romantic Minorities|publisher=acronymfinder.com|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009075718/http://www.acronymfinder.com/Gender,-Sexual,-and-Romantic-Minorities-%28GSRM%29.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ron-suresha/diversities-may-enrich-lgbtqiap-alphabet-soup_b_3929870.html|title='Diversities' May Enrich 'LGBTQIAP' Alphabet Soup|date=19 September 2013|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007061956/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ron-suresha/diversities-may-enrich-lgbtqiap-alphabet-soup_b_3929870.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=LGBT? LGBTQ? Queer? QUILTBAG? GSM? GSRM?|url=http://queerumich.com/post/25021141159/lgbt-lgbtq-queer-quiltbag-gsm-gsrm-whats|website=queerumich.com|publisher=[[University of Michigan]] (on [[Tumblr]])|access-date=12 March 2015|archive-date=9 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409024759/http://queerumich.com/post/25021141159/lgbt-lgbtq-queer-quiltbag-gsm-gsrm-whats|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Gender and Sexual Minority Students (LGBTIQA)|url=http://www.derby.ac.uk/campus/support/gender-and-sexual-minority-students/|publisher=University of Derby|access-date=12 March 2015|archive-date=9 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209064109/https://www.derby.ac.uk/campus/support/gender-and-sexual-minority-students/|url-status=live}} Other rare umbrella terms are [[Gender and Sexual Diversity|Gender and Sexual Diversities]] (GSD),[http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/02/25/organisation-proposes-replacing-the-limiting-term-lgbt-with-more-inclusive-gsd/ Organisation proposes replacing the 'limiting' term LGBT with 'more inclusive' GSD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616231332/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/02/25/organisation-proposes-replacing-the-limiting-term-lgbt-with-more-inclusive-gsd/ |date=16 June 2018 }}, 25 February 2013 MOGII (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Identities, and Intersex) and MOGAI (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Alignments and Intersex).{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/25/gender-and-sexual-diversities-gsd-lgbt-label-_n_2758908.html|title='Gender And Sexual Diversities,' Or GSD, Should Replace 'LGBT,' Say London Therapists|date=25 February 2013|newspaper=The Huffington Post|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=12 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012080406/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/25/gender-and-sexual-diversities-gsd-lgbt-label-_n_2758908.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.dal.ca/news/2014/08/01/pride-on-the-prowl.html|title=Pride on the prowl|work=Dalhousie News|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=9 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009094232/http://www.dal.ca/news/2014/08/01/pride-on-the-prowl.html|url-status=live}} [101] => [102] => ''SGL'' ([[same gender loving]]) is sometimes favored among gay male [[African American]]s as a way of distinguishing themselves from what they regard as [[white people|white]]-dominated LGBT communities.{{cite book | last1=Rimmerman | first1=Craig A. | first2=Kenneth D. | last2=Wald | first3=Clyde | last3=Wilcox | title=The Politics of Gay Rights | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-4129-0988-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AlErV-3RpDEC | access-date=2 July 2015 | archive-date=6 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906163312/https://books.google.com/books?id=AlErV-3RpDEC | url-status=live }} [103] => [104] => === Clinical === [105] => In public health settings, ''MSM'' ("[[men who have sex with men]]") is clinically used to describe men who have sex with other men without referring to their sexual orientation, with ''WSW'' ("[[women who have sex with women]]") also used as an analogous term.Young, R M & Meyer, I H (2005) The Trouble with "MSM" and "WSW": Erasure of the Sexual-Minority Person in Public Health Discourse American Journal of Public Health July 2005 Vol. 95 No. 7.Glick, M Muzyka, B C Salkin, L M Lurie, D (1994) Necrotizing [[Periodontitis|ulcerative periodontitis]]: a marker for immune deterioration and a predictor for the diagnosis of [[AIDS]] Journal of Periodontology 1994 65 p. 393–397. [106] => [107] => === MVPFAFF === [108] => MVPFAFF is an abbreviation for {{Lang|haw|[[Māhū]]}}, [[Vakasalewalewa|Vakasalewa]], {{lang|tpi|[[Palopa]]|italic=no}}, [[Fa'afafine]], {{Lang|rar|[[Akava'ine]]}}, [[Fakaleitī]] (Leiti), and [[Fakafifine]]. This term was developed by [[Phylesha Brown-Acton]] in 2010 at the Asia Pacific Games Human Rights Conference.{{Cite journal|last=Brown-Acton|first=Phylesha|date=25 February 2020|title=Hands and feet: A reflection on Polynesian navigation—a Niue Fakafifine community practitioner perspective in Aotearoa-New Zealand|url=https://www.tekaharoa.com/index.php/tekaharoa/article/view/298|journal=Te Kaharoa|language=en|volume=15|issue=1|doi=10.24135/tekaharoa.v15i1.298|s2cid=226134097|issn=1178-6035|access-date=2 October 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205208/https://www.tekaharoa.com/index.php/tekaharoa/article/view/298|url-status=live|doi-access=free}} This refers to those in the rainbow [[Pacific Islander]] community, who may or may not identify with the LGBT initialism.{{cite web|title=Rainbow|url=https://www.leva.co.nz/our-work/suicide-prevention/finding-help/support-services/rainbow/|access-date=2 October 2021|website=Le Va|language=en-NZ|archive-date=2 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002023943/https://www.leva.co.nz/our-work/suicide-prevention/finding-help/support-services/rainbow/|url-status=live}} [109] => [110] => == See also == [111] => {{Portal|LGBT}} [112] => * [[LGBT music]] [113] => * [[Androphilia and gynephilia]] [114] => * [[Gender and sexual diversity]] [115] => * [[LGBT symbols]] [116] => * {{Lang|mi|[[Takatāpui]]}} – the [[Māori language]] equivalent of LGBT [117] => [118] => == References == [119] => {{reflist}} [120] => [121] => == External links == [122] => {{Commons category|LGBT}} [123] => {{wiktionary|LGBT|QUILTBAG}} [124] => {{Wikiquote|LGBT}} [125] => * [http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ Archives] of [[glbtq.com]], the GLBTQ encyclopedia [126] => * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152330/http://directory.lgbtcenters.org/ Directory of U.S. and international LGBT Community Centers] (archived 10 October 2008) [127] => * [http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/index.aspx American Psychological Association's Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Concerns Office] [128] => [129] => {{Navboxes [130] => |list = [131] => {{LGBT|state=expanded}} [132] => {{Intersex}} [133] => {{Sexual revolution}}}} [134] => [135] => {{Authority control}} [136] => [137] => {{DEFAULTSORT:Lgbt}} [138] => [[Category:1990s neologisms]] [139] => [[Category:LGBT| ]] [140] => [[Category:LGBT terminology|LGBT]] [141] => [[Category:Initialisms]] [142] => [[Category:Queer]] [] => )
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LGBT

The Wikipedia page on LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) provides an overview of the LGBT community, its history, and the various issues faced by its members. The article begins by explaining the acronym LGBT and its expanded forms, such as LGBTQ+ and LGBTI.

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The article begins by explaining the acronym LGBT and its expanded forms, such as LGBTQ+ and LGBTI. It proceeds to provide a historical perspective on same-sex relationships and gender variance, highlighting their existence in various ancient civilizations. The page also covers the significant events and milestones in the modern LGBT rights movement, starting with the Stonewall riots in 1969, which marked a turning point in LGBT activism. The article outlines the subsequent advancements in legislation, such as the decriminalization of homosexuality in many countries and the recognition of same-sex relationships through marriage equality. Furthermore, the page addresses issues faced by the LGBT community, including discrimination, violence, and mental health disparities. It explores the concept of "coming out" and the challenges that individuals may encounter during this process. The article delves into the struggles faced by transgender and non-binary individuals, including gender dysphoria, access to healthcare, and legal recognition of their gender identity. The page also details the efforts of various organizations and activists in advocating for LGBT rights and fostering a more inclusive society. It explores the intersectionality of LGBT identities with race, ethnicity, religion, and other factors, addressing the unique challenges faced by individuals with multiple marginalized identities. In addition, the article includes sections on LGBT culture, representation in the media, and the role of social media platforms in organizing and mobilizing LGBT communities. It covers significant terms and concepts related to gender and sexuality, such as heteronormativity, cisgender, and sexual orientation. Overall, the Wikipedia page on LGBT provides a comprehensive and informative overview of the LGBT community, its history, struggles, achievements, and ongoing efforts to attain equality and acceptance. It serves as a resource for individuals seeking to gain a better understanding of LGBT issues and fosters awareness and empathy for the diverse experiences within this community.

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