Array ( [0] => {{short description|Unit of length}} [1] => {{Infobox unit [2] => | name = nanometre [3] => | image = Chiraltube.png [4] => | caption = One nanometric [[carbon nanotube]], photographed with [[scanning tunneling microscope]] [5] => | symbol = nm [6] => | standard = [[SI]] [7] => | quantity = [[length]] [8] => | units1 = [[SI units]] [9] => | inunits1 = {{val|1|e=-9|ul=m}}
   {{val|1|e=3|ul=pm}} [11] => | units2 = [[Natural units]] [12] => | inunits2 = {{val|6.1877|e=25|u={{math|[[Planck length|ℓP]]}}}}
 {{val|18.897|u=[[Bohr radius|''a''0]]}} [14] => | units3 = [[imperial units|imperial]]/[[US customary units|US]] units [15] => | inunits3 = {{convert|1|nm|in|disp=out|lk=on|sigfig=5}} [16] => }} [17] => [[file:EM Spectrum Properties edit.svg|thumb|330px|Different lengths as in respect to the [[electromagnetic spectrum]], measured by the metre and its derived scales. The nanometre is often used to express dimensions on an atomic scale and mostly in the [[Molecule|molecular]] scale.]] [18] => The '''nanometre''' (international spelling as used by the [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]]; [[SI]] symbol: '''nm''') or '''nanometer''' ([[American and British English spelling differences#-re, -er|American spelling]]) is a [[units of measurement|unit]] of [[length]] in the [[International System of Units]] (SI), equal to one [[billionth]] ([[short scale]]) of a [[metre]] ({{val|0.000000001|u=m}}) and to 1000 [[picometres]]. One nanometre can be expressed in [[scientific notation]] as {{val|1|e=-9|u=m}}, and as {{sfrac|{{val|1000000000}}}} metres. [19] => [20] => ==History== [21] => The nanometre was formerly known as the "millimicrometre" – or, more commonly, the "millimicron" for short – since it is {{sfrac|1000}} of a [[micrometre]], and was often denoted by the symbol mμ or, more rarely, as μμ (which is confusing, since μμ should logically refer to a ''millionth'' of a micron).{{Cite journal |first=The |last=Svedberg |first2=J. Burton |last2=Nichols |title=Determination of the size and distribution of size of particle by centrifugal methods |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |year=1923 |volume=45 |issue=12 |pages=2910–2917 |doi=10.1021/ja01665a016 }}{{Cite journal |first=The |last=Svedberg |first2=Herman |last2=Rinde |title=The ulta-centrifuge, a new instrument for the determination of size and distribution of size of particle in amicroscopic colloids |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |year=1924 |volume=46 |issue=12 |pages=2677–2693 |doi=10.1021/ja01677a011 }}{{Cite book |first=Karl |last=Terzaghi |author-link=Karl von Terzaghi|title=Erdbaumechanik auf bodenphysikalischer Grundlage |publisher=Franz Deuticke |location=Vienna |year=1925 |page=32 }} [22] => [23] => ==Etymology== [24] => The name combines the [[SI prefix]] ''[[nano-]]'' (from the [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|νάνος}}, ''{{lang|grc-Latn|nanos}}'', "dwarf") with the parent unit name ''metre'' (from Greek {{lang|grc|μέτρον}}, ''{{lang|grc-Latn|metrοn}}'', "unit of measurement"). [25] => [26] => ==Usage== [27] => [[Nanotechnology|Nanotechnologies]] are based on physical processes which occur on a scale of nanometres (see [[nanoscopic scale]]). [28] => [29] => The nanometre is often used to express dimensions on an atomic scale: the diameter of a [[helium]] atom, for example, is about 0.06 nm, and that of a [[ribosome]] is about 20 nm. The nanometre is also commonly used to specify the [[wavelength]] of [[electromagnetic radiation]] near the visible part of the [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectrum]]: visible light ranges from around 400 to 700 nm.Hewakuruppu, Y., et al., ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257069746_Plasmonic__pump__probe__method_to_study_semi-transparent_nanofluids?ev=prf_pub Plasmonic " pump – probe " method to study semi-transparent nanofluids]'', Applied Optics, 52(24):6041-6050 The [[ångström]], which is equal to 0.1 nm, was formerly used for these purposes. [30] => [31] => Since the late 1980s, in usages such as the [[32 nanometer|32 nm]] and the [[22 nanometer|22 nm]] [[semiconductor node]], it has also been used to describe typical feature sizes in successive generations of the [[International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors|ITRS Roadmap]] for miniaturized [[semiconductor device fabrication]] in the [[semiconductor industry]]. [32] => [33] => ==Unicode== [34] => The [[CJK Compatibility]] block in [[Unicode]] has the symbol {{unichar|339A|SQUARE NM}}. [35] => [36] => ==References== [37] => {{Reflist}} [38] => [39] => ==External links== [40] => {{Wiktionary|nanometre}} [41] => [42] => *[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001SPIE.4434..158G Near-field Mie scattering in optical trap nanometry] [43] => [44] => {{SI units of length}} [45] => [46] => [[Category:Metre]] [] => )
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Nanometre

A nanometre (symbol: nm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a metre (0. 000000001 m).

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000000001 m). It is commonly used in the field of nanotechnology, where materials and devices are manipulated at the nanoscale level. The prefix "nano" indicates a factor of 10^−9, making a nanometre one billionth of a metre. The concept of nanoscale was first proposed by physicist Richard Feynman in 1959. The ability to work with materials and structures at this scale has led to significant advancements in various fields, including electronics, medicine, and materials science. Nanometres are particularly relevant when dealing with particles, such as atoms and molecules, as well as microorganisms and nanoparticles. Nanotechnology relies on the unique properties and behaviors exhibited by materials at the nanoscale. For example, materials may exhibit different physical, chemical, and biological properties when their size is reduced to the nanometre range. This has led to the development of new materials with enhanced strength, conductivity, reactivity, and other desirable characteristics. The measurement and manipulation of nanometres are made possible by sophisticated instruments, such as scanning electron microscopes, atomic force microscopes, and transmission electron microscopes. These tools allow scientists and engineers to visualize and manipulate nanoscale structures with high precision. Various applications of nanotechnology can be found in different fields. In electronics, nanoscale transistors and memory devices have paved the way for faster and more efficient computers and electronic devices. In medicine, nanoparticles are used for drug delivery, imaging, and diagnostic purposes. Nanomaterials are also utilized in energy storage systems, catalysis, and environmental remediation. Despite the numerous benefits offered by nanotechnology, there are also concerns regarding its potential impacts on health and the environment. The small size and increased surface area of nanoparticles may cause them to have different toxicological effects compared to larger particles. Therefore, the study of nanosafety and responsible development of nanotechnology are important areas of ongoing research. In conclusion, a nanometre is a unit of length that represents one billionth of a metre. It is an essential unit when dealing with the nanoscale, which has revolutionized various fields through nanotechnology. The ability to manipulate materials at this scale has opened up new possibilities for advancements in electronics, medicine, materials science, and many other areas of research and development.

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