Array ( [0] => {{short description|Supreme legislative body of Sweden}} [1] => {{about|the Parliament of Sweden|the Finnish Riksdag|Parliament of Finland|current members|List of members of the Riksdag, 2022–2026}} [2] => {{distinguish|Rikdag}} [3] => {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} [4] => {{Infobox legislature [5] => | name = Riksdag of Sweden [6] => | native_name = ''Sveriges riksdag'' [7] => | legislature = [[List of members of the Riksdag, 2022–2026|2022–2026 term]] [8] => | background_color = #1C5170 [9] => | coa_pic = Riksdag logo.svg [10] => | coa_res = 250px [11] => | house_type = [[Unicameral]] [12] => | leader1_type = [[Speaker of the Riksdag|Speaker]] [13] => | leader1 = [[Andreas Norlén]] [14] => | party1 = [[Moderate Party|(M)]] [15] => | election1 = 24 September 2018 [16] => | leader2_type = [[List of deputy speakers of the Riksdag|First Deputy Speaker]] [17] => | leader2 = [[Kenneth G. Forslund]] [18] => | party2 = [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|(S)]] [19] => | election2 = 26 September 2022 [20] => | leader3_type = [[List of deputy speakers of the Riksdag|Second Deputy Speaker]] [21] => | leader3 = [[Julia Kronlid]] [22] => | party3 = [[Sweden Democrats|(SD)]] [23] => | election3 = 26 September 2022 [24] => | leader4_type = [[List of deputy speakers of the Riksdag|Third Deputy Speaker]] [25] => | leader4 = [[Kerstin Lundgren]] [26] => | party4 = [[Center Party (Sweden)|(C)]] [27] => | election4 = 24 September 2018 [28] => | leader5_type = [[Father of the House#Sweden|President by age]] [29] => | leader5 = [[Tomas Eneroth]] [30] => | party5 = [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|(S)]] [31] => | election5 = 18 October 2022 [32] => | members = 349 [33] => | structure1 = File:Riksdagen_(current_composition).svg [34] => | structure1_res = 250px [35] => | political_groups1 = [36] => '''[[Kristersson Cabinet|Government]] (103)''' [37] => : {{Color box|{{party color|Moderate Party}}|border=silver}} [[Moderate Party]] (68) [38] => : {{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democrats (Sweden)}}|border=silver}} [[Christian Democrats (Sweden)|Christian Democrats]] (19) [39] => : {{Color box|{{party color|Liberals (Sweden)}}|border=silver}} [[Liberals (Sweden)|Liberals]] (16) [40] => '''[[Confidence and supply]] (73)''' [41] => : {{Color box|{{party color|Sweden Democrats}}|border=silver}} [[Sweden Democrats]] (72) [42] => : {{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] ([[Elsa Widding|1]]){{cite news |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/elsa-widding-en-grans-har-passerats-jag-lamnar-sverigedemokraterna |title=En gräns har passerats, jag lämnar Sverigedemokraterna |publisher=SVT Nyheter |author=Dante Thomsen |date=1 May 2023 |accessdate=1 May 2023}} [43] => '''Opposition (173)''' [44] => : {{Color box|{{party color|Swedish Social Democratic Party}}|border=silver}} [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Social Democrats]] (106) [45] => : {{Color box|{{party color|Left Party (Sweden)}}|border=silver}} [[Left Party (Sweden)|Left Party]] (24) [46] => : {{Color box|{{party color|Centre Party (Sweden)}}|border=silver}} [[Centre Party (Sweden)|Centre Party]] (24) [47] => : {{Color box|{{party color|Green Party (Sweden)}}|border=silver}} [[Green Party (Sweden)|Green Party]] (18) [48] => : {{Color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] ([[Jamal El-Haj (politician)|1]]){{cite news |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/skane/el-haj-lamnar-s-men-sitter-kvar-i-riksdagen |title=Jamal El-Haj lämnar Socialdemokraterna men sitter kvar i riksdagen – blir politisk vilde |publisher=[[SVT Nyheter]] |author=Rosanna Berg |date=12 February 2024 |accessdate=12 February 2024 |language=sv |trans-title=Jamal El-Haj leaves the Social Democrats but stays in the Riksdag - becomes an independent}} [49] => | voting_system1 = [[Open list|Open]] [[Party-list proportional representation|list]]Candidates require 5% of their party's vote total in their constituency in order to override the default party-list order [[proportional representation]] ([[Webster/Sainte-Laguë method#Modified Sainte-Laguë method|modified Sainte-Laguë method]]) with a 4% [[electoral threshold|election threshold]]A party may earn seats even if they fail to reach 4% of the vote nationally if they obtain 12% of the vote in a given constituency in constituencies based upon the [[Counties of Sweden]]
{{small|See [[Elections in Sweden]]}} [50] => | last_election1 = [[2022 Swedish general election|11 September 2022]] [51] => | next_election1 = [[Next Swedish general election|On or before 13 September 2026]] [52] => | session_room = Riksdagshuset Stockholm 2011.jpg [53] => | session_res = 260px [54] => | session_alt = Parliament House, [[Stockholm]] [55] => | meeting_place = [[Parliament House, Stockholm|Parliament House]]
[[Helgeandsholmen]]
[[Stockholm]], [[Postal codes in Sweden|100 12]]
[[Sweden]] [56] => | website = {{URL|riksdagen.se}} [57] => | footnotes = {{notelist}} [58] => }} [59] => [[File:Inside Parliament of Sweden 10.jpg|thumb|The debating chamber.]] [60] => The '''Riksdag''' ({{IPA-sv|ˈrɪ̌ksdɑː(ɡ)|lang|Riksdag.ogg}}, {{translation|literal=yes|"[[Diet (assembly)|diet]] of the [[realm]]"}}; also {{lang-sv|riksdagen}} {{IPA-sv|ˈrɪ̌ksdan||Riksdagen.ogg}} or ''Sveriges riksdag'' {{IPA-sv|ˈsvæ̌rjɛs ˈrɪ̌ksdɑː(ɡ)||Sveriges riksdag.ogg}}) is the [[legislature]] and the [[Parliamentary sovereignty|supreme]] decision-making body of the Kingdom of [[Sweden]]. Since 1971, the Riksdag has been a [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] legislature with 349 members ({{lang|sv|riksdagsledamöter}}), elected [[Proportional representation|proportionally]] and serving, since 1994, fixed four-year terms. The [[2022 Swedish general election]] is the most recent [[general election]]. [61] => [62] => The [[constitution]]al mandates of the Riksdag are enumerated in the ''[[Basic Laws of Sweden#Instrument of Government|Instrument of Government]]'' ({{lang|sv|Regeringsformen}}), and its internal workings are specified in greater detail in the Riksdag Act ({{lang|sv|Riksdagsordningen}}).[http://www.riksdagen.se/Global/dokument/dokument/laws/the-instrument-of-government-2012.pdf Instrument of Government], as of 2012. Retrieved on 16 November 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008133940/http://www.riksdagen.se/Global/dokument/dokument/laws/the-instrument-of-government-2012.pdf |date=8 October 2014 }}[http://www.riksdagen.se/Global/dokument/dokument/laws/the-riksdag-act-2012.pdf The Riksdag Act], as of 2012. Retrieved on 16 November 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201001248/http://www.riksdagen.se/Global/dokument/dokument/laws/the-riksdag-act-2012.pdf |date=1 February 2013 }} The seat of the Riksdag is at [[Parliament House, Stockholm|Parliament House]] ({{lang|sv|Riksdagshuset}}), on the island of [[Helgeandsholmen]] in the central parts of [[Stockholm]]. The Riksdag has its institutional roots in the feudal [[Riksdag of the Estates]], traditionally thought to have first assembled in [[Arboga]] in 1435. In 1866, following reforms of the [[Instrument of Government (1809)|1809 Instrument of Government]], that body was transformed into a bicameral legislature with an upper chamber ({{lang|sv|[[första kammaren]]}}) and a lower chamber ({{lang|sv|[[andra kammaren]]}}). [63] => [64] => == Name == [65] => [[File:Riddarholmen 2006c.jpg|thumb|The [[Old Parliament House, Stockholm|Old Parliament House]] on [[Riddarholmen]] was the seat of the Riksdag from 1833 to 1905.]] [66] => [[File:Kulturhuset 2009.jpg|thumb|[[Kulturhuset]] at [[Sergels torg]] served as a temporary seat for the Riksdag, from 1971 to 1983, while the [[Parliament House, Stockholm|Riksdag building]] on [[Helgeandsholmen]] underwent renovation.]] [67] => The Swedish word ''riksdag'', in definite form ''riksdagen'', is a general term for "[[parliament]]" or "assembly", but it is typically only used for Sweden's legislature and certain related institutions.{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Nöjd|first1=Ruben|last2=Tornberg|first2=Astrid|last3=Angström|first3=Margareta|title=Riksdag (riksdagen)|encyclopedia=Mckay's Modern English-Swedish and Swedish-English Dictionary|page=[https://archive.org/details/mckaysmodernengl00astr/page/147 147]|year=1978|publisher=David Mckay|isbn=0-679-10079-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mckaysmodernengl00astr/page/147}}{{cite encyclopedia| last=Gullberg |first=Ingvar | title= Riksdag |encyclopedia= Svensk-Engelsk Fackordbok |page= 741 |year= 1977 |publisher= PA Norstedt & Söners Förlag|isbn= 91-1-775052-0}}{{cite encyclopedia |title= Riksdag |encyclopedia= [[Nationalencyklopedin]] |year= 2014 |url= http://www.ne.se/riksdag|access-date= 14 May 2014}} In addition to Sweden's parliament, it is also used for the [[Parliament of Finland]] and the Estonian [[Riigikogu]], as well as the historical German ''[[Reichstag (disambiguation)#Institutions|Reichstag]]'' and the Danish ''[[Rigsdagen]]''. In Swedish use, ''riksdagen'' is usually not capitalised.{{cite book |last1= Holmes |first1= Philip |last2= Hinchliffe |first2= Ian |date= 2013 |title= Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Zu6ykpApmdMC&q=riksdagen&pg=PA670 |publisher= Routledge |page= 670 |isbn= 978-1134119981 |access-date= 2 April 2014}} ''Riksdag'' derives from the [[genitive]] of ''rike'', referring to royal power, and ''dag'', meaning [[diet (assembly)|diet]] or conference; the German word ''Reichstag'' and the Danish ''Rigsdag'' are [[cognate]].{{cite encyclopedia |title= Riksdag, n. |encyclopedia= [[Oxford English Dictionary]] |date= June 2012|url= http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/165960?redirectedFrom=Riksdag#eid|access-date= 14 May 2014}} The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' traces English use of the term "Riksdag" in reference to the Swedish assembly back to 1855. [68] => [69] => == History == [70] => {{main|History of the Riksdag}}{{See also|Riksdag of the Estates}} [71] => [[File:Swedish Riksdag seat distribution 1902-2018.png|thumb|Historical distribution of seats in the Swedish Riksdag 1902–2018.]] [72] => The roots of the modern Riksdag can be found in a 1435 meeting in the city of [[Arboga]]; however, only three of the estates were probably present: the [[Swedish nobility|nobility]], the [[clergy]] and the [[Bourgeoisie|burghers]].[https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Sa-funkar-riksdagen/Demokrati/Riksdagens-historia/ riksdagen.se]{{Cite journal|last=Bellquist|first=Eric Cyril|date=1935|title=The Five Hundredth Anniversary of the Swedish Riksdag|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400033062/type/journal_article|journal=American Political Science Review|language=en|volume=29|issue=5|pages=857–865|doi=10.2307/1947230|jstor=1947230 |s2cid=147534635 |issn=0003-0554}} This informal organization was modified in 1527 by the first modern Swedish king, [[Gustav I Vasa]], to include representatives from all the [[Estates of the realm|four social estates]]: the [[Swedish nobility|nobility]], the clergy, the [[Medieval bourgeoisie|burghers]] (property-owning commoners in the towns such as merchants etc.), and the [[yeoman]]ry ([[Freehold (real property)|freehold]] farmers). This form of ''Ständestaat'' representation lasted until 1866, when representation by estate was abolished and the modern bicameral parliament established. Effectively, however, it did not become a parliament in the modern sense until [[parliamentarism|parliamentary principles]] were established in the political system in Sweden, in 1917. [73] => [74] => On 22 June 1866, the Riksdag decided to reconstitute itself as a [[bicameral]] legislature, consisting of {{Lang|sv|[[Första kammaren]]}} or the First Chamber, with 155 members and ''[[Andra kammaren]]'' or the Second Chamber with 233 members. The First Chamber was indirectly elected by county and city councillors, while the Second Chamber was directly elected by universal suffrage. This reform was a result of great discontent with the old Estates, which, following the changes brought by the beginnings of the [[industrial revolution]], was no longer able to provide representation for large segments of the population. [75] => [76] => By an amendment to the [[1809 Instrument of Government]], the general election of 1970 was the first to a [[unicameral]] assembly with 350 seats. The following general election to the unicameral Riksdag in 1973 gave the Government the support of only 175 members, while the opposition could mobilize an equal force of 175 members. In a number of cases a tied vote ensued, and the final decision had to be determined by lot. To avoid any recurrence of this unstable situation, the number of seats in the Riksdag was reduced to 349, from 1976 onwards. [77] => [78] => == Powers and structure == [79] => {{Main|Constitution of Sweden}} [80] => The Riksdag performs the normal functions of a [[legislature]] in a [[parliamentary democracy]]. It enacts laws, amends the constitution and appoints a government. In most parliamentary democracies, the [[head of state]] commissions a politician to form a government. Under the new Instrument of Government[http://www.riksdagen.se/templates/R_Page____5562.aspx The Swedish Constitution], Riksdagen {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110085245/http://www.riksdagen.se/templates/R_Page____5562.aspx |date=10 January 2011 }} (one of the four fundamental laws of the Constitution) enacted in 1974, that task was removed from the [[Monarch of Sweden]] and given to the Speaker of the Riksdag. [81] => To make changes to the Constitution under the new Instrument of Government, amendments must be approved twice, in two successive electoral periods with a regular general election held in between. [82] => [83] => There are [[Parliamentary committees in the Riksdag|15 parliamentary committees]] in the Riksdag.{{cite web|url=http://www.riksdagen.se/en/Committees/The-15-parliamentary-committees/|title=The 15 parliamentary committees|publisher=Sveriges Riksdag / The Swedish Parliament|access-date=4 June 2015}} [84] => [85] => ==Membership == [86] => {{Main|Member of Parliament (Sweden)}} [87] => {{See also|List of members of the Riksdag, 2022–2026}} [88] => As of September 2022, 163 members, or 46.7% of the 349 members are women. Five parties have a majority representation of female MPs as of 2022: the Left Party (17 of 24, 70.8%), the Green Party (12 of 18, 66.7%), the Liberals (9 of 16, 56.3%), the Center Party (13 of 24, 54.2%), and the Social Democratic Party (55 of 107, 51.4%). The party with the lowest share of female MPs is the Sweden Democrats (18 of 73, 24.7%).{{Cite web|title=Ledamöter & partier|url=https://riksdagen.se/sv/ledamoter-partier/|last=Riksdagsförvaltningen|website=riksdagen.se|language=sv|access-date=28 September 2022}} [89] => [90] => Members of the Riksdag are full-time legislators with a salary of 71 500 SEK (around $6,300) per month.{{Cite web |url=https://riksdagen.se/sv/sa-funkar-riksdagen/ledamoternas-arvoden-och-villkor/ledamoternas-arvoden/ |title=Frågor & svar samt statistik över ledamöternas arvoden |last=Riksdagsförvaltningen |website=www.riksdagen.se |language=sv |access-date=29 September 2022 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929104617/https://riksdagen.se/sv/sa-funkar-riksdagen/ledamoternas-arvoden-och-villkor/ledamoternas-arvoden/ |url-status=dead }} [91] => [92] => According to a survey investigation by the sociologist Jenny Hansson, Members of the Riksdag have an average work week of 66 hours, including side responsibilities. Hansson's investigation further reports that the average member sleeps 6.5 hours per night.{{cite web |url=http://www8.umu.se/soc/personal/Jenny%20Hanssons%20avhandlingsarbete.%20Presentation%20samt%20.pdf |title=Hansson, Jenny (2008). De Folkvaldas Livsvillkor. Umea: Umea University. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303215553/http://www8.umu.se/soc/personal/Jenny%20Hanssons%20avhandlingsarbete.%20Presentation%20samt%20.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2009 }} [93] => [94] => {| style="text-align:center" [95] => | [[File:Riksdagen.andra kammaren b7dn273 2826.jpg|thumb|The former second chamber, nowadays used for committee meetings]] [96] => | [[File:Sveriges riksdag fr vasabron.JPG|thumb|The Riksdag building exterior, from the west, at night]] [97] => |} [98] => [99] => === Presidium === [100] => The [[presidium]] consists of a [[speaker (politics)|speaker]] and three [[deputy speaker]]s. [101] => They are elected for a 4-year [[term of office|term]]. The Speaker is not allowed to vote, but the three deputies are allowed to vote. [102] => [103] => == Government == [104] => {{Main|Government of Sweden}} [105] => {{Politics of Sweden|riksdag}} [106] => The [[speaker of the Riksdag]] nominates a [[Prime Minister of Sweden|Prime Minister]] ({{lang-sv|statsminister}}, literally minister of state) after holding talks with leaders of the various party groups in the Riksdag. The nomination is then put to a vote. The nomination is rejected (meaning the Speaker must find a new nominee) only if an absolute majority of the members (175 members) vote "no"; otherwise, it is confirmed. This means the Riksdag can consent to a Prime Minister without casting any "yes" votes. [107] => [108] => After being elected the Prime Minister appoints the cabinet ministers and announces them to the Riksdag. The new Government takes office at a special council held at the [[Stockholm Palace|Royal Palace]] before the [[Monarchy of Sweden|Monarch]], at which the Speaker of the Riksdag formally announces to the Monarch that the Riksdag has elected a new Prime Minister and that the Prime Minister has chosen his cabinet ministers. [109] => [110] => The Riksdag can cast a [[vote of no confidence]] against any single cabinet minister ({{lang-sv|statsråd}}), thus forcing a resignation. To succeed, a vote of no confidence must be supported by an absolute majority (175 members) or it has failed. [111] => [112] => If a vote of no confidence is cast against the Prime Minister this means the entire government is rejected. A losing government has one week to call for a general election or else the procedure of nominating a new Prime Minister starts anew.{{Cite web |last=Riksdagsförvaltningen |title=Forming a government |url=https://www.riksdagen.se/en/how-the-riksdag-works/democracy/forming-a-government/ |access-date=10 September 2022 |website=www.riksdagen.se |language=en}} [113] => [114] => == Parties == [115] => {{Main|Politics of Sweden}} [116] => [117] => No party has won a single [[majority]] in the Riksdag since 1968. Political parties with similar agendas consequently cooperate on several issues, forming [[Coalition government|coalition]] governments or other formalized alliances. [118] => [119] => Two major blocs existed in parliament until 2019, the [[socialism|socialist]]/[[green ideology|green]] [[Red-Greens (Sweden)|Red-Greens]] and the [[conservatism|conservative]]/[[liberalism|liberal]] [[Alliance (Sweden)|Alliance]]. The latter—consisting of the Moderate Party, Liberals, Centre Party, and Christian Democrats—governed Sweden from 2006 through most of 2014 (after 2010 through a [[minority government]]). [[Red-Greens (Sweden)|The Red-Greens]] combination disbanded on 26 October 2010 but continued to be considered the main opposition until the 2014 election, following which the Social Democrats and the Green Party formed a government with support from the Left Party.{{Cite web |url=https://www.regeringen.se/debattartiklar/2017/08/vi-accepterar-inte-att-sveriges-framtid-jobben-och-klimatet-satts-pa-spel/ |title=Vi accepterar inte att Sveriges framtid, jobben och klimatet sätts på spel |date=26 August 2017 |website=Regeringskansliet |language=sv |access-date=17 October 2017}} [120] => [121] => In 2019, after the 2018 election in which neither bloc won a majority of seats, the Social Democrats and Green Party formed a government with support from the Liberals and Centre Party, breaking the center-right Alliance. In March 2019, the Christian Democrats and Moderate Party signaled a willingness to talk with the Sweden Democrats.{{Cite news|url=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=7182059|title=Christian Democrats willing to talk to all parties, including Sweden Democrats|newspaper=[[Sveriges Radio]]|date=22 March 2019|language=en|access-date=22 March 2019|last1=Sweden|first1=Radio}} [122] => [123] => [[File:Right Livelihood Award 2009-award ceremony-68.jpg|thumb|Interior of the Riksdag building.]] [124] => [125] => [[File:Right Livelihood Award 2009-award ceremony-1.jpg|thumb|The second chamber.]] [126] => [127] => {|class="wikitable" [128] => |+Current party representation in the Riksdag{{Cite web |title=Ledamöter & partier |url=https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/ledamoter-partier/ |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=riksdagen.se |publisher=Riksdag |language=sv}} [129] => |- [130] => !colspan=2|Party ||Leaders || Seats || Seat share (%) [131] => |- [132] => | bgcolor={{party color|Swedish Social Democratic Party}} | [133] => |[[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Social Democratic Party]] [134] => |[[Magdalena Andersson]] [135] => |style="text-align:center"|107 [136] => |style="text-align:center"|30.7 [137] => |- [138] => |bgcolor={{party color|Sweden Democrats}}| [139] => |[[Sweden Democrats]] [140] => |[[Jimmie Åkesson]] [141] => |style="text-align:center"|73 [142] => |style="text-align:center"|20.9 [143] => |- [144] => | bgcolor={{party color|Moderate Party}} | [145] => |[[Moderate Party]] [146] => |[[Ulf Kristersson]] [147] => |style="text-align:center"|68 [148] => |style="text-align:center"|19.5 [149] => |- [150] => | bgcolor={{party color|Left Party (Sweden)}} | [151] => |[[Left Party (Sweden)|Left Party]] [152] => |[[Nooshi Dadgostar]] [153] => |style="text-align:center"|24 [154] => |style="text-align:center"|6.9 [155] => |- [156] => | bgcolor={{party color|Centre Party (Sweden)}} | [157] => |[[Centre Party (Sweden)|Centre Party]] [158] => |[[Muharrem Demirok]] [159] => |style="text-align:center"|24 [160] => |style="text-align:center"|6.9 [161] => |- [162] => | bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democrats (Sweden)}} | [163] => |[[Christian Democrats (Sweden)|Christian Democrats]] [164] => |[[Ebba Busch]] [165] => |style="text-align:center"|19 [166] => |style="text-align:center"|5.4 [167] => |- [168] => | bgcolor={{party color|Green Party (Sweden)}} | [169] => |[[Green Party (Sweden)|Green Party]] [170] => |[[Märta Stenevi]] / [[Daniel Helldén]] [171] => |style="text-align:center"|18 [172] => |style="text-align:center"|5.2 [173] => |- [174] => | bgcolor={{party color|Liberals (Sweden)}}| [175] => |[[Liberals (Sweden)|Liberals]] [176] => |[[Johan Pehrson]] [177] => |style="text-align:center"|16 [178] => |style="text-align:center"|4.6 [179] => |- [180] => ! colspan="3" |Total || 349 || 100 [181] => |} [182] => [183] => == Elections == [184] => {{See also|Elections in Sweden}} [185] => [[File:Kanslihuset östra fasaden 2.jpg|thumb|The offices of the parliament are housed in several buildings, including the former Royal [[Mint (coin)|Mint]] on [[Mynttorget]] Square.]] [186] => All 349 members of the Riksdag are elected in the general elections held every four years. All Swedish citizens who turn 18 years old no later than on the day of the election and have at one point been registered residents are eligible to vote. To stand for election, a candidate must be eligible to vote and be nominated by a political party. A minimum of 4% of the national vote is required for a party to enter the Riksdag, alternatively 12% or more within a constituency. Substitutes for each deputy are elected at the same time as each election, so [[by-election]]s are rare. In the event of a [[snap election]], the newly elected members merely serve the remainder of the four-year term.{{Cite web |last=Riksdagsförvaltningen |title=Elections to the Riksdag |url=https://www.riksdagen.se/en/how-the-riksdag-works/democracy/elections-to-the-riksdag/ |access-date=10 September 2022 |website=www.riksdagen.se |language=en}} [187] => [188] => === Constituencies and national apportionment of seats === [189] => [190] => {{Main|National apportionment of MP seats in the Riksdag}} [191] => The electoral system in Sweden is [[proportional representation|proportional]]. Of the 349 seats in the unicameral Riksdag, 310 are fixed constituency seats allocated to 29 multi-member constituencies in relation to the number of people entitled to vote in each constituency. The remaining 39 adjustment seats are used to correct the deviations from proportional national distribution that may arise when allocating the fixed constituency seats. There is a constraint in the system that means that only a party that has received at least four per cent of the votes in the whole country participates in the distribution of seats. However, a party that has received at least twelve per cent of the votes in a constituency participates in the distribution of the fixed constituency seats in that constituency.See e.g.: [http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/10025/a/117744 SOU 2008:125 En reformerad grundlag (Constitutional Reform)], Prime Ministers Office. [192] => [193] => === 2022 election results === [194] => {{Main|2022 Swedish general election}} [195] => {{Election results [196] => | image = [[File:2022 Swedish general election seat results.svg]] [197] => [198] => | party1 = [[Swedish Social Democratic Party]] [199] => | votes1 = 1964474 [200] => | seats1 = 107 [201] => | sc1 = +7 [202] => [203] => | party2 = [[Sweden Democrats]] [204] => | votes2 = 1330325 [205] => | seats2 = 73 [206] => | sc2 = +11 [207] => [208] => | party3 = [[Moderate Party]] [209] => | votes3 = 1237428 [210] => | seats3 = 68 [211] => | sc3 = −2 [212] => [213] => | party4 = [[Left Party (Sweden)|Left Party]] [214] => | votes4 = 437050 [215] => | seats4 = 24 [216] => | sc4 = −4 [217] => [218] => | party5 = [[Centre Party (Sweden)|Centre Party]] [219] => | votes5 = 434945 [220] => | seats5 = 24 [221] => | sc5 = −7 [222] => [223] => | party6 = [[Christian Democrats (Sweden)|Christian Democrats]] [224] => | votes6 = 345712 [225] => | seats6 = 19 [226] => | sc6 = −3 [227] => [228] => | party7 = [[Green Party (Sweden)|Green Party]] [229] => | votes7 = 329242 [230] => | seats7 = 18 [231] => | sc7 = +2 [232] => [233] => | party8 = [[Liberals (Sweden)|Liberals]] [234] => | votes8 = 298542 [235] => | seats8 = 16 [236] => | sc8 = −4 [237] => [238] => | party9 = [[Nuance Party]] [239] => | votes9 = 28352 [240] => | seats9 = 0 [241] => | sc9 = New [242] => | color9 = #ee7d31 [243] => [244] => | party10 = [[Alternative for Sweden]] [245] => | votes10 = 16646 [246] => | seats10 = 0 [247] => | sc10 = 0 [248] => [249] => | party11 = [[Citizens' Coalition]] [250] => | votes11 = 12882 [251] => | seats11 = 0 [252] => | sc11 = 0 [253] => [254] => | party12 = [[Pirate Party (Sweden)|Pirate Party]] [255] => | votes12 = 9135 [256] => | seats12 = 0 [257] => | sc12 = 0 [258] => [259] => | party13 = Humanist Democracy [260] => | votes13 = 6077 [261] => | seats13 = 0 [262] => | sc13 = New [263] => [264] => | party14 = Christian Values Party [265] => | votes14 = 5983 [266] => | seats14 = 0 [267] => | sc14 = 0 [268] => | color14 = #5e194f [269] => [270] => | party15 = Knapptryckarna [271] => | votes15 = 5493 [272] => | seats15 = 0 [273] => | sc15 = New [274] => | color15 = #e73b3b [275] => [276] => | party16 = [[Feminist Initiative (Sweden)|Feminist Initiative]] [277] => | votes16 = 3157 [278] => | seats16 = 0 [279] => | sc16 = 0 [280] => [281] => | party17 = [[Independent Rural Party (Sweden)|Independent Rural Party]] [282] => | votes17 = 2215 [283] => | seats17 = 0 [284] => | sc17 = 0 [285] => [286] => | party18 = [[Direct Democrats (Sweden)|Direct Democrats]] [287] => | votes18 = 1755 [288] => | seats18 = 0 [289] => | sc18 = 0 [290] => [291] => | party19 = [[Climate Alliance (Sweden)|Climate Alliance]] [292] => | votes19 = 1702 [293] => | seats19 = 0 [294] => | sc19 = New [295] => | color19 = #2E2D2B [296] => [297] => | party20 = [[Unity (Swedish political party)|Unity]] [298] => | votes20 = 1234 [299] => | seats20 = 0 [300] => | sc20 = 0 [301] => [302] => | party21 = [[Communist Party of Sweden (1995)|Communist Party of Sweden]] [303] => | votes21 = 1181 [304] => | seats21 = 0 [305] => | sc21 = 0 [306] => [307] => | party22 = 64 other parties (fewer than 1,000 votes) [308] => | votes22 = 4264 [309] => | seats22 = 0 [310] => | sc22 = 0 [311] => | color22 = #808080 [312] => [313] => | invalid = 69831 [314] => | total_sc = 0 [315] => | electorate = 7775390 [316] => | source = Sweden's [[Election Authority (Sweden)|Election Authority]]{{cite web |url=https://resultat.val.se/val2022/slutlig/RD/rike |title=Val till riksdagen – Slutligt valresultat – Riket |language=sv |date=18 September 2022 |access-date=19 September 2022 |website=Valmyndigheten |archive-date=18 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918174406/https://resultat.val.se/val2022/slutlig/RD/rike |url-status=live }} [317] => }} [318] => [319] => [320] => {| class=wikitable style=text-align:right [321] => |- [322] => !colspan=3|Alliance [323] => !Votes [324] => !% [325] => !Seats [326] => !+/− [327] => |- [328] => | style="background-color:{{party color|Moderate Party}}"| ||style="text-align:left" colspan=2|[[Ulf Kristersson|Kristersson]]'s Bloc (M+SD+KD+L)||3,212,007||49.59||176||+2 [329] => |- [330] => | style="background-color:{{party color|Swedish Social Democratic Party}}"| ||style="text-align:left" colspan=2|[[Andersson Cabinet|Andersson's Bloc]] (S+MP+V+C)||3,165,711||48.87||173||−2 [331] => |- [332] => | colspan=7| [333] => |- [334] => |style="text-align:left" colspan=3|Invalid/blank votes||69,831||–||–||– [335] => |- [336] => |style="text-align:left" colspan=3|'''Total'''||'''6,547,625'''||'''100'''||'''349'''||'''0''' [337] => |- [338] => |style="text-align:left" colspan=3|Registered voters/turnout||7,495,936||87.18||–||– [339] => |- [340] => | colspan=7 style="text-align:left" |Source: [https://www.val.se/valresultat/riksdag-region-och-kommun/2022/valresultat.html VAL] [341] => |} [342] => [343] => == Historical composition of the Riksdag == [344] => === Swedish parliamentary election (since 1948) === [345] => {| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="border:solid #000000 1px;font-size:95%;" [346] => |- [347] => | colspan="2" | [348] => {| width="100%" style="font-size:90%;" [349] => | width="40" | [350] => |{{legend|#B00000|[[Left Party (Sweden)|VPK/V]]}} [351] => |{{legend|#ED1B34|[[Swedish Social Democratic Party|S]]}} [352] => |{{legend|#80AA4E|[[Green Party (Sweden)|MP]]}} [353] => |{{legend|#39944A|[[Centre Party (Sweden)|B/C]]}} [354] => |{{legend|#0069B4|[[Liberals (Sweden)|FP/L]]}} [355] => |{{legend|#019CDB|[[Moderate Party|M]]}} [356] => |{{legend|#2D338E|[[Christian Democrats (Sweden)|KDS/KD]]}} [357] => |{{legend|#FFFF00|[[New Democracy (Sweden)|ND]]}} [358] => |{{legend|#FEDF09|[[Sweden Democrats|SD]]}} [359] => |{{legend|#C9C9C9|[[:sv:Mellanpartierna|MD]]}} [360] => |} [361] => |- [362] => | width="40" | [[1948 Swedish general election|1948]] [363] => | [364] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [365] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 3.48%"| 8 [366] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 48.70%"| 112 [367] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 13.04%"| 30 [368] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 24.78%"| 57 [369] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 10.00%"| 23 [370] => |} [371] => |- [372] => | [[1952 Swedish general election|1952]] [373] => | [374] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [375] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 2.17%"| 5 [376] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 47.83%"| 110 [377] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 11.30%"| 26 [378] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 25.22%"| 58 [379] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 13.48%"| 31 [380] => |} [381] => |- [382] => | [[1956 Swedish general election|1956]] [383] => | [384] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [385] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 2.60%"| 6 [386] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 45.89%"| 106 [387] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 8.22%"| 19 [388] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 25.11%"| 58 [389] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 18.18%"| 42 [390] => |} [391] => |- [392] => | [[1958 Swedish general election|1958]] [393] => | [394] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [395] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 2.16%"| 5 [396] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 48.05%"| 111 [397] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 13.86%"| 32 [398] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 16.45%"| 38 [399] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 19.48%"| 45 [400] => |} [401] => |- [402] => | [[1960 Swedish general election|1960]] [403] => | [404] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [405] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 2.16%"| 5 [406] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 49.14%"| 114 [407] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 14.66%"| 34 [408] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 17.24%"| 40 [409] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 16.81%"| 39 [410] => |} [411] => |- [412] => | [[1964 Swedish general election|1964]] [413] => | [414] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [415] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 3.43%"| 8 [416] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 48.50%"| 113 [417] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 15.02%"| 35 [418] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 18.45%"| 43 [419] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 14.16%"| 33 [420] => | style="background-color: #C9C9C9; width: 0.43%"| 1 [421] => |} [422] => |- [423] => | [[1968 Swedish general election|1968]] [424] => | [425] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [426] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 1.29%"| 3 [427] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 53.65%"| 125 [428] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 16.74%"| 39 [429] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 14.59%"| 34 [430] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 13.73%"| 32 [431] => |} [432] => |- [433] => | [[1970 Swedish general election|1970]] [434] => | [435] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [436] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 4.86%"| 17 [437] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 46.57%"| 163 [438] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 20.29%"| 71 [439] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 16.57%"| 58 [440] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 11.71%"| 41 [441] => |} [442] => |- [443] => | [[1973 Swedish general election|1973]] [444] => | [445] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [446] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 5.43%"| 19 [447] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 44.57%"| 156 [448] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 25.72%"| 90 [449] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 9.71%"| 34 [450] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 14.57%"| 51 [451] => |} [452] => |- [453] => | [[1976 Swedish general election|1976]] [454] => | [455] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [456] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 4.87%"| 17 [457] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 43.55%"| 152 [458] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 24.64%"| 86 [459] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 11.18%"| 39 [460] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 15.76%"| 55 [461] => |} [462] => |- [463] => | [[1979 Swedish general election|1979]] [464] => | [465] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [466] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 5.73%"| 20 [467] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 44.13%"| 154 [468] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 18.34%"| 64 [469] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 10.89%"| 38 [470] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 20.92%"| 73 [471] => |} [472] => |- [473] => | [[1982 Swedish general election|1982]] [474] => | [475] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [476] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 5.73%"| 20 [477] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 47.56%"| 166 [478] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 16.50%"| 56 [479] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 6.02%"| 21 [480] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 24.64%"| 86 [481] => |} [482] => |- [483] => | [[1985 Swedish general election|1985]] [484] => | [485] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [486] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 5.44%"| 19 [487] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 45.56%"| 159 [488] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 12.32%"| 43 [489] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 14.61%"| 51 [490] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 21.78%"| 76 [491] => | style="background-color: #2D338E; width: 0.29%"| 1 [492] => |} [493] => |- [494] => | [[1988 Swedish general election|1988]] [495] => | [496] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [497] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 6.02%"| 21 [498] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 44.70%"| 156 [499] => | style="background-color: #80AA4E; width: 5.73%"| 20 [500] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 12.03%"| 42 [501] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 12.61%"| 44 [502] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 18.91%"| 66 [503] => |} [504] => |- [505] => | [[1991 Swedish general election|1991]] [506] => | [507] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [508] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 4.59%"| 16 [509] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 39.54%"| 138 [510] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 8.88%"| 31 [511] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 9.46%"| 33 [512] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 22.92%"| 80 [513] => | style="background-color: #2D338E; width: 7.45%"| 26 [514] => | style="background-color: #FFFF00; width: 7.16%"| {{font color|#000000|25}} [515] => |} [516] => |- [517] => | [[1994 Swedish general election|1994]] [518] => | [519] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [520] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 6.30%"| 22 [521] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 46.13%"| 161 [522] => | style="background-color: #80AA4E; width: 5.16%"| 18 [523] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 7.74%"| 27 [524] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 7.45%"| 26 [525] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 22.92%"| 80 [526] => | style="background-color: #2D338E; width: 4.30%"| 15 [527] => |} [528] => |- [529] => | [[1998 Swedish general election|1998]] [530] => | [531] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [532] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 12.32%"| 43 [533] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 37.54%"| 131 [534] => | style="background-color: #80AA4E; width: 4.58%"| 16 [535] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 5.16%"| 18 [536] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 4.87%"| 17 [537] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 23.50%"| 82 [538] => | style="background-color: #2D338E; width: 12.03%"| 42 [539] => |} [540] => |- [541] => | [[2002 Swedish general election|2002]] [542] => | [543] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [544] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 8.60%"| 30 [545] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 41.26%"| 144 [546] => | style="background-color: #80AA4E; width: 4.87%"| 17 [547] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 6.30%"| 22 [548] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 13.75%"| 48 [549] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 15.76%"| 55 [550] => | style="background-color: #2D338E; width: 9.46%"| 33 [551] => |} [552] => |- [553] => | [[2006 Swedish general election|2006]] [554] => | [555] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [556] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 6.30%"| 22 [557] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 37.25%"| 130 [558] => | style="background-color: #80AA4E; width: 5.44%"| 19 [559] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 8.31%"| 29 [560] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 8.02%"| 28 [561] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 27.79%"| 97 [562] => | style="background-color: #2D338E; width: 6.88%"| 24 [563] => |} [564] => |- [565] => | [[2010 Swedish general election|2010]] [566] => | [567] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [568] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 5.45%"| 19 [569] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 32.09%"| 112 [570] => | style="background-color: #80AA4E; width: 7.16%"| 25 [571] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 6.59%"| 23 [572] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 6.88%"| 24 [573] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 30.66%"| 107 [574] => | style="background-color: #2D338E; width: 5.44%"| 19 [575] => | style="background-color: #FEDF09; width: 5.73%"| 20 [576] => |} [577] => |- [578] => | [[2014 Swedish general election|2014]] [579] => | [580] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [581] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 6.02%"| 21 [582] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 32.38%"| 113 [583] => | style="background-color: #80AA4E; width: 7.16%"| 25 [584] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 6.30%"| 22 [585] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 5.44%"| 19 [586] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 24.07%"| 84 [587] => | style="background-color: #2D338E; width: 4.58%"| 16 [588] => | style="background-color: #FEDF09; width: 14.04%"| 49 [589] => |} [590] => |- [591] => | [[2018 Swedish general election|2018]] [592] => | [593] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [594] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 8.02%"| 28 [595] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 28.65%"| 100 [596] => | style="background-color: #80AA4E; width: 4.58%"| 16 [597] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 8.88%"| 31 [598] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 5.73%"| 20 [599] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 20.06%"| 70 [600] => | style="background-color: #2D338E; width: 6.30%"| 22 [601] => | style="background-color: #FEDF09; width: 17.77%"| 62 [602] => |} [603] => |- [604] => | [[2022 Swedish general election|2022]] [605] => | [606] => {| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;" [607] => | style="background-color: #B00000; width: 6.88%"| 24 [608] => | style="background-color: #ED1B34; width: 30.66%"| 107 [609] => | style="background-color: #80AA4E; width: 5.16%"| 18 [610] => | style="background-color: #39944A; width: 6.88%"| 24 [611] => | style="background-color: #0069B4; width: 4.58%"| 16 [612] => | style="background-color: #019CDB; width: 19.48%"| 68 [613] => | style="background-color: #2D338E; width: 5.44%"| 19 [614] => | style="background-color: #FEDF09; width: 20.92%"| 73 [615] => |} [616] => |} [617] => [618] => == See also == [619] => {{Portal|Sweden|Politics}} [620] => *[[Parliament House, Stockholm]] [621] => *[[Referendums in Sweden]] [622] => {{clear right}} [623] => [624] => == References == [625] => {{Reflist}} [626] => [627] => '''Bibliography''' [628] => *{{Cite book | last1 = Larsson | first1 = Torbjörn | first2 = Henry | last2 = Bäck | title = Governing and Governance in Sweden | location = Lund | publisher = [[Studentlitteratur]] AB | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-91-44-03682-3 | ref = Larsson & Bäck }} [629] => *{{Cite book | last = Petersson | first = Olof | title = Den offentliga makten | location = Stockholm | publisher = SNS Förlag | year = 2010 | language = sv | isbn = 978-91-86203-66-5 | ref = Petersson }} [630] => [631] => == External links == [632] => {{Commons|Riksdag}} [633] => *[http://www.riksdagen.se/ The Riksdag] – official site [634] => *[http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/sa-funkar-riksdagen/demokrati/riksdagens-historia/ The history of the Riksdag] [635] => [636] => {{Sweden topics}} [637] => {{committees of the Parliament of Sweden}} [638] => {{parliaments in Europe}} [639] => {{national unicameral legislatures}} [640] => {{authority control}} [641] => {{coord|59|19|39|N|18|04|03|E|region:SE_type:landmark|display=title}} [642] => [643] => {{DEFAULTSORT:Riksdag Of Sweden}} [644] => [[Category:Riksdag| ]] [645] => [[Category:Parliaments by country|Sweden]] [646] => [[Category:Unicameral legislatures|Sweden]] [647] => [[Category:National legislatures|Sweden]] [648] => [[Category:Politics of Sweden]] [649] => [[Category:1866 establishments in Sweden]] [] => )
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Riksdag

The Wikipedia page for Riksdag provides information about the national legislative assembly of Sweden. The Riksdag is a unicameral parliament and is responsible for making and passing laws, as well as overseeing the government's activities and policies.

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The Riksdag is a unicameral parliament and is responsible for making and passing laws, as well as overseeing the government's activities and policies. The page explains the historical background of the Riksdag, highlighting its origins in the medieval era and the various reforms it has undergone over the centuries. It also explores the structure and composition of the Riksdag, which consists of 349 members elected through a proportional representation system. The functions and powers of the Riksdag are outlined in detail, including its role in approving the national budget, ratifying international treaties, and scrutinizing the government through parliamentary committees. The page also discusses the political parties represented in the Riksdag and their significance in shaping the country's legislative agenda. Additionally, the page provides insight into the electoral system used in Sweden and the process of forming a government following general elections. It touches upon the concept of coalition governments and the dynamics of party politics within the Riksdag. The controversies and criticisms surrounding the Riksdag are also addressed, such as accusations of polarization, inefficiencies in decision-making, and procedural issues. The page further delves into initiatives aimed at reforming the Riksdag, including efforts to increase transparency and public participation. Overall, the Wikipedia page for Riksdag serves as a comprehensive resource for those seeking information about the national parliament of Sweden, offering a historical overview, details about its functions and powers, political dynamics, and ongoing debates surrounding its functioning and effectiveness.

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