Array ( [0] => {{Short description|Specialised agency of United Nations}} [1] => {{Use Oxford spelling|date=March 2020}} [2] => {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}} [3] => {{Infobox United Nations [4] => | logo = Logo of UNICEF.svg [5] => | name = United Nations Children's Fund [6] => | map_size = [7] => | map_caption = [8] => | type = Fund [9] => | abbreviation = UNICEF [10] => | leader_title = Head [11] => | leader_name = [[Catherine M. Russell]] [12] => | status = Active {{start date and age|1946|12|11|df=yes}} (as United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) [13] => | headquarters = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. [14] => | website = [https://www.unicef.org www.unicef.org] [15] => | parent_organization = [[United Nations General Assembly]]
[[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] [16] => | subsidiaries = [17] => | footnotes = [18] => }} [19] => '''UNICEF''' ({{IPAc-en||'|j|u:|n|i|,|s|ɛ|f}} {{respell|YOO|nee|SEF}}), originally called the '''United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund''' in full, now officially '''United Nations Children's Fund''',{{refn|group=lower-alpha|The agency's name used to be the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund with the acronym UNICEF. The name was later shortened to the United Nations Children's Fund, but the acronym was kept. The organization makes reference to its acronym in the [[strapline]] "The C stands for children".WiredGov, [https://www.wired-gov.net/wg/news.nsf/articles/UNICEF+UK+launches+The+C+stands+for+children+Campaign+27102022102000 UNICEF UK launches 'The C stands for children' Campaign], published 27 October 2022, accessed 16 May 2023}} is an agency of the [[United Nations]] responsible for providing [[Humanitarianism|humanitarian]] and [[Development aid|developmental aid]] to [[child]]ren worldwide.{{Cite web|url=https://www.unsystem.org/content/unicef|title=United Nations Children's Fund {{!}} United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination|website=www.unsystem.org|access-date=2019-11-10}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/UNICEF|title=UNICEF {{!}} Definition, History, & Facts|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-02-12}} The organization is one of the most widely known and visible social welfare entities globally, operating in 192 countries and territories.{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/where-we-work|title=Where we work|website=www.unicef.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-12}} UNICEF's activities include providing immunizations and disease prevention, administering [[Antiretroviral drug|treatment]] for children and mothers with [[HIV]], enhancing childhood and [[maternal nutrition]], improving [[sanitation]], promoting education, and providing [[emergency relief]] in response to disasters.{{cite web|url=https://knowledge.insead.edu/operations/agility-under-pressure-5966|title=Agility Under Pressure|author1=Luk Van Wassenhove|author2=Joachim Mikalsen|date=27 April 2017|publisher=Insead|author3=Charles Delagarde}} [20] => [21] => UNICEF is the successor of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, created on 11 December 1946, in New York, by the [[United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration|U.N. Relief Rehabilitation Administration]] to provide immediate relief to children and mothers affected by [[World War II]]. The same year, the [[United Nations General Assembly|U.N. General Assembly]] established UNICEF to further institutionalize post-war relief work.{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/stories/learning-experience-19461979|title=Learning from experience: 1946–1979|website=www.unicef.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-12}} In 1950, its mandate was extended to address the long-term needs of children and women, particularly in [[Developing country|developing countries]]. In 1953, the organization became a permanent part of the [[United Nations System]], and its name was subsequently changed to its current form, though it retains the original acronym.{{cite web|title=About UNICEF – FAQ|url=https://www.unicef.org/about-unicef/frequently-asked-questions#3|access-date=4 April 2017|website=UNICEF|at=What does the acronym UNICEF stand for?}} [22] => [23] => UNICEF relies entirely on voluntary contributions from governments and private donors. Its total income as of 2023 was $8.37 billion; of which public-sector partners contributed $5.45 billion.{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/about/execboard/files/2018-2021_Draft_Integrated_Budget_EB_Informal_23_June.pdf|title=UNICEF Integrated Budget 2018–2021|date=23 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104183647/https://www.unicef.org/about/execboard/files/2018-2021_Draft_Integrated_Budget_EB_Informal_23_June.pdf|archive-date=4 January 2018}} It is governed by a 36-member executive board that establishes policies, approves programs, and oversees administrative and financial plans. The board is made up of government representatives elected by the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]], usually for three-year terms. [24] => [25] => UNICEF's programs emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children. Most of its work is in the field, with a network that includes 150 country offices, headquarters and other facilities, and 34 "national committees" that carry out its mission through programs developed with host governments. Seven regional offices provide technical assistance to country offices as needed, while its Supply Division—based in the cities of [[Copenhagen]] and [[New York City|New York]]—helps provide over $3 billion in critical aid and services. [26] => [27] => In 2018, UNICEF assisted in the birth of 27 million babies, administered [[DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine|pentavalent vaccine]]s to an estimated 65.5 million children, provided education for 12 million children, treated four million children with [[severe acute malnutrition]], and responded to 285 humanitarian emergencies in 90 countries.{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/reports/annual-report-2018|title=UNICEF annual report 2018|website=www.unicef.org|date=11 June 2019|language=en|access-date=2020-02-12}} UNICEF has received recognition for its work, including the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in [[1965 Nobel Peace Prize|1965]], the [[Indira Gandhi Prize]] in 1989 and the [[Prince of Asturias Awards|Princess of Asturias Award]] in 2006. During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, UNICEF, along with the [[World Health Organization]] and other agencies, published guidance about healthy parenting.{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/reports/key-messages-and-actions-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-prevention-and-control-schools|title=Interim Guidance for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Schools|website=unicef.org|date=10 March 2020|language=en|access-date=2020-09-20}} [28] => [29] => ==History of formation== [30] => ===Creation=== [31] => As early as September 1943, Polish health specialist [[Ludwik Rajchman]] suggested in an article published in ''Free World'' entitled "A United Nations Health Service—Why not?" that a health service should be incorporated into the future international organization. He also proposed a "health tax" paid by member states.Balinska, Marta Alexandra. "Ludwik Rajchman: international health leader." World health forum 1991; 12 (4): 456–465. 1991. [32] => [33] => At the end of the [[United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration|UNRRA]], Rajchman proposed to use its residual funds for a child-feeding program beneficiary of US funding. The organization was created by resolution 57(I) of the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1946 and named United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). As its first chairman, Rajchman chose [[Maurice Pate]] of the [[Commission for Relief in Belgium]] to direct the agency and "to think about organizing an action, a fund for the benefit of children, war victims chiefly."Morris, Jennifer M. The Origins of UNICEF, 1946–1953. Lexington Books, 2015. p.35 Rajchman, as head of a special UN subcommittee and with the support of [[Fiorello La Guardia|La Guardia]], [[Herbert Hoover]] and Maurice Pate, presented the resolution to the [[General assembly]]. From a temporary emergency relief agency in 1946 providing food and clothing to children and mothers displaced by [[World War II]], the agency became a permanent UN Organization in 1953, and extended its efforts toward general programs of children welfare. [34] => [35] => ==Governance== [36] => [[File:Sudan Envoy - UNICEF Tent.jpg|250px|thumb|UNICEF-care tent in [[Sudan]]]] [37] => [38] => UNICEF relies on country offices to help carry out its work through a unique program of cooperation developed with the host government. The programs seeks to develop practical strategies for fulfilling and [[Humanitarian protection|protecting the rights of children and women]]. Regional offices guide this work and provide technical assistance to country offices as needed. Overall management and administration of the organization take place at its headquarters in New York City. [39] => [40] => Guiding and monitoring all of UNICEF's work is an executive board made up of 36 members who are government representatives. The board establishes policies, approves programs and decides on administrative and financial plans and budgets. Its work is coordinated by the bureau, comprising the president and four vice-presidents, each officer representing one of the five regional groups. These five officers are elected by the executive board annually from among its members, with the presidency rotating among the regional groups on an annual basis. As a matter of custom, permanent members of the Security Council do not serve as officers of the executive board. [41] => [42] => The office of the secretary of the executive board helps maintain an effective relationship between the executive board and the UNICEF secretariat, and organizes field visits by board members.{{Cite news|url=https://www.unicef.org/about/structure/|title=How UNICEF works|work=UNICEF|access-date=2017-06-06|language=en-US|archive-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131120940/https://www.unicef.org/about/structure/|url-status=dead}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.unicef.org/about/execboard/|title=Home|work=UNICEF|access-date=2017-06-06|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.unicef.org/about/execboard/index_13225.html|title=Bureau|work=UNICEF|access-date=2017-06-06|language=en-US}} [43] => [44] => ===UNICEF Regional Offices=== [45] => The following countries are home to UNICEF Regional Offices.{{cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/about/structure/index_regional.html|title=UNICEF Regional Offices|date=2017-09-27|access-date=2020-02-26|work=UNICEF}} [46] => [47] => *The Americas and Caribbean Regional Office, [[Panama City]], [[Panama]] [48] => *Europe and Central Asia Regional Office, [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]] [49] => *East Asia and the Pacific Regional Office, [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] [50] => *Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] [51] => *Middle East and North Africa Regional Office, [[Amman]], [[Jordan]] [52] => *South Asia, [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] [53] => *West and Central Africa Regional Office, [[Senegal]] [54] => [55] => ==UNICEF national committees== [56] => {{see also|List of UNICEF national committees}} [57] => There are national committees in 34 countries, each established as an independent local [[non-governmental organization]]. Their primary function is to raise funds from the private sector, as UNICEF is entirely dependent on voluntary contributions.[http://www.unicef.org/publicpartnerships/files/UNICEF_Transparency_and_Accountability_-_Resource_Development_and_Mobilization.pdf Presentation – UNICEF's Resource Development Architecture Key Trends and Challenges] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711025127/http://www.unicef.org/publicpartnerships/files/UNICEF_Transparency_and_Accountability_-_Resource_Development_and_Mobilization.pdf|date=11 July 2015}}. UNICEF. Retrieved on 2014-10-21. National committees collectively account for about one-third of the agency's annual income, including from corporations, civil society organizations, around six million individual donors worldwide. [58] => [59] => ==Promotion and fundraising== [60] => In the United States, [[Nepal]] and some other countries, UNICEF is known for its "Trick-Or-Treat for UNICEF" program in which children collect money for UNICEF from the houses they [[trick-or-treating|trick-or-treat]] on [[Halloween]] night, sometimes instead of candy. The program was discontinued in [[Canada]] in 2006.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/unicef-ends-halloween-program-in-canada-1.618474|title=UNICEF ends Halloween program in Canada|work= CBC News|date= 30 May 2006|access-date = 10 October 2020}} [61] => [62] => UNICEF is present in 191 countries and territories around the world, but not involved in nine others ([[Bahamas]], [[Brunei]], [[Cyprus]], [[Latvia]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Malta]], [[Mauritius]], [[Monaco]], [[Singapore]], and [[Taiwan]]).{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/index.html|title=Information by country|publisher=UNICEF|date=2014-03-17|access-date=2014-08-03|archive-date=5 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205015818/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/index.html|url-status=dead}} [63] => [64] => Many people in [[developed countries]] first hear about UNICEF's work through the activities of one of the 36 [[List of UNICEF national committees|national committees for UNICEF]]. These [[non-governmental organizations]] (NGOs) are primarily responsible for [[fundraising]], selling UNICEF greeting cards and products, creating private and public partnerships, advocating for children's rights, and providing other support. The US Fund for UNICEF is the oldest of the national committees, founded in 1946.[http://www.unicefusa.org/site/c.duLRI8O0H/b.25933/k.8DDD/US_Fund_for_UNICEF__US_Fund_for_UNICEF.htm US Fund for UNICEF], unicefusa.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024144251/http://www.unicefusa.org/site/c.duLRI8O0H/b.25933/k.8DDD/US_Fund_for_UNICEF__US_Fund_for_UNICEF.htm|date=24 October 2007}} [65] => [66] => On 19 April 2007, [[Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg]] was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children,[http://www.unicef.org/media/media_39402.html Press center – HRH Grand Duchess of Luxembourg becomes Eminent Advocate for Children]. UNICEF. Retrieved on 2012-03-26. in which role she has visited Brazil (2007),[http://www.unicef.org/aids/brazil_42137.html Brazil – UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children visits AIDS projects in São Paulo]. UNICEF. Retrieved on 2012-03-26. China (2008),[http://www.unicef.org/aids/china_45156.html China – Summer camp aims to help children in China affected by AIDS]. UNICEF. Retrieved on 2012-03-26. and Burundi (2009).[http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/burundi_50003.html Burundi – Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg visits Burundi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061115/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/burundi_50003.html|date=4 March 2016}}. UNICEF. Retrieved on 2012-03-26. [67] => [68] => In 2009, the British retailer [[Tesco]] used "Change for Good" as advertising, which is trademarked by UNICEF for charity usage but not for commercial or retail use. This prompted the agency to say, "it is the first time in Unicef's history that a commercial entity has purposely set out to capitalize on one of our campaigns and subsequently damage an income stream which several of our programs for children are dependent on". They went on to call on the public "who have children's welfare at heart, to consider carefully who they support when making consumer choices".[http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2009/0725/1224251305112.html "Unicef accuses Tesco of misusing charity slogan"]. ''The Irish Times'', 25 July 2009 (2009-07-07). Retrieved on 2012-03-26.[http://www.independent.ie/business/irish/tesco-in-clash-with-unicef-1841427.html Tesco in clash with UNICEF – Irish, Business]. Independent. ie. 26 July 2009. Retrieved on 2012-03-26. "Change for Good" is also supported by Australian airline [[Qantas]], relying on passengers to fundraise via a given envelope since 1991, and has raised over $36 million, with over 19,500 kg of coins every year.{{Cite web|title=Community partnerships {{!}} Qantas AU|url=https://www.qantas.com/au/en/about-us/our-company/in-the-community/community-partnerships.html|access-date=2020-09-10|website=www.qantas.com}} [[frequent-flyer program|Frequent flyers]] can also redeem their mile points to donate.{{Cite web|title={{!}} oneworld|url=https://www.oneworld.com/news/oneworld-airline-alliance-to-raise-funds-for-children-around-the-world|access-date=2021-09-15|website=www.oneworld.com|language=en}} Norman Gillespie, UNICEF Australia's chief executive, said "If every Qantas passenger traveling domestically gave us just a few of their forgotten coins each time they traveled it would make little difference to their day, but a world of difference in saving children's lives."{{Cite web|date=2014-05-19|title=Unicef & Qantas Launch New Campaign – Save A Child With The Power Of Five|url=https://www.ttwasia.com/news/article/unicef-qantas-launch-new-campaign-save-a-child-with-the-power-of-five/|access-date=2020-09-10|website=ttwasia.com|language=en-US}} [69] => [70] => ==Sponsorship== [71] => In 2003, UNICEF sponsored Italian football club [[Piacenza Calcio 1919]] until 2008. [72] => [73] => [[File:Messi ball (cropped).jpg|thumb|345x345px|Lionel Messi sporting the FC Barcelona Jersey with UNICEF sponsosrship]] [74] => [75] => On 7 September 2006, an agreement between UNICEF and the Spanish Catalan [[association football]] club [[FC Barcelona]] was reached whereby the club would donate €1.5 million per year to the organization for five years. As part of the agreement, FC Barcelona would wear the UNICEF logo on the front of their uniforms in yellow (as seen in the picture on the right of Lionel Messi).{{cite web|title=Futbol Club Barcelona, UNICEF team up for children in global partnership|url=https://www.unicef.org/media/media_35642.html|website=UNICEF|date=7 September 2006|access-date=27 November 2017|archive-date=25 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425143259/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_35642.html|url-status=dead}} This was the first time a football club sponsored an organization rather than the other way around. It was also the first time in FC Barcelona's history that they have had another organization's name across the front of their uniform. In 2016, the team signed a new four-year sponsorship deal with UNICEF guaranteeing the organization £1.58 million per year and free advertising. From 2022 onwards, Barcelona has made a partnership with Swedish company [[Spotify]] and has since put the [[United Nations Refugee Agency|UNHCR]] logo in gold at the bottom of the back of their jerseys.{{Cite web|title=FC Barcelona Kits to Feature UNHCR Logo Instead Of UNICEF For Next Four Years|url=https://www.footyheadlines.com/2022/03/fc-barcelona-kits-to-feature-unhcr-logo.html?m=1|website=footyheadlines.com|date=24 March 2022|access-date=19 July 2022}} [76] => [77] => In January 2007 UNICEF struck a partnership with Canada's national [[tent pegging]] team. The team was officially re-flagged as "UNICEF Team Canada", and its riders wear UNICEF's logo in competition, and team members promote and raise funds for UNICEF's campaign against childhood HIV-AIDS.{{cite web|url=https://www.maharaj.org/tentpegging.shtml|title= Tent Pegging with UNICEF Team Canada|website=maharaj.org|access-date=19 July 2022}}{{reliable source|date=July 2022}} [78] => [79] => The Swedish club [[Hammarby Fotboll|Hammarby IF]] followed the Spanish and Canadian lead on 14 April 2007,[http://www.hammarbyfotboll.se/se/aktuellt/artiklar/ârticleid=30364 UNICEF, Hammarby strikes partnership] {{Dead link|date=July 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=no}}, hammarbyfotboll.se {{in lang|sv}} also raising funds for UNICEF and displaying the UNICEF name on their sportswear. The Danish football club [[Brøndby IF]] participated in a similar arrangement from 2008 to 2013.{{cite web|url=https://www.unicef.dk/nyheder/10743/unicef-og-fc-barcelona|title=UNICEF|access-date=9 July 2015|date=2013-10-17}} [80] => [81] => In 2007, NASCAR driver [[Jacques Villeneuve]] has occasionally placed the UNICEF logo on the #27 [[Bill Davis Racing]] pickup truck in the [[NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series]].{{cite web|title=Grapevine: Villenueuve to Race for UNICEF|publisher=Autosport|date=5 October 2007|url=https://www.autosport.com/nascar/news/62997/villeneuve-to-race-for-unicef|first=Diego|last=Mejia}} [82] => [83] => Australian [[A-League]] club [[Sydney FC]] announced they would also enter into a partnership with UNICEF raising funds for children in the [[Asia-Pacific|Asia-Pacific region]], and would also display the UNICEF logo for the remainder of the [[2011-12 A-League]] season.{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org.au/Media/Media-Releases/February-2012/Sydney-FC-and-UNICEF-do-the-rights-things-to-impro.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322050319/http://www.unicef.org.au/Media/Media-Releases/February-2012/Sydney-FC-and-UNICEF-do-the-rights-things-to-impro.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 March 2012|title=Sydney FC and UNICEF do the rights things to improve child rights throughout Asia.|date=20 February 2012|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=24 February 2012}} [84] => [85] => In [[Botswana]], UNICEF has funded the development of new state-of-the-art HIV/AIDS education for every schoolchild in Botswana from nonprofit organization [[TeachAids]].{{cite web|title=UNICEF funds TeachAIDS work in Botswana|url=http://teachaids.org/blog/unicef-funds-teachaids-work-in-botswana/|work=[[TeachAids]]|date=2 June 2010|access-date=16 December 2010}} [86] => [87] => UNICEF announced a landmark partnership with [[Scotland|Scottish]] club [[Rangers F.C.]] UNICEF partnered with the Rangers Charity Foundation and pledged to raise £300,000 by 2011.{{cite web|title=International Charity Partner – UNICEF|url=http://www.rangerscharity.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=115&Itemid=179|work=Rangers Charity Foundation|date=10 September 2010|access-date=4 May 2011}} [88] => [89] => In 2010, UNICEF created a partnership with [[Phi Iota Alpha]], making them the first Greek Lettered Organization UNICEF has ever worked with. In 2011, Phi Iota Alpha raised over $20,000 for the Tap Project and the Trick or Treats for UNICEF Campaign. [90] => [91] => In 2013, they agreed a contract with Greek association football champions [[Olympiacos F.C.]] who will show the organization's logo on the front of their shirts. [92] => [93] => ===UNICEF Kid Power=== [94] => {{Main|UNICEF Kid Power}} [95] => Started in 2015, Kid Power is a division of UNICEF that was created as an effort to involve kids in helping other kids in need. UNICEF Kid Power developed the world's first '''"Wearable for Good"''',{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/10/fitness-band-sends-kids-on-digital-humanitarian-missions/|title=Digital Humanitarian Missions: UNICEF Kid Power|date=2015-10-20|magazine=Wired|last1=Rhodes|first1=Margaret}} called Kid Power Bands,{{Cite web|url=https://unicefkidpower.org/store/|title=UNICEF Kid Power Bands|website=UNICEF Kid Power}} which is a kids' fitness tracker bracelet that connects to a smartphone app. The app lets users complete missions, which counts total steps and awards points. The points then unlock funding from partners, which is then used by UNICEF to deliver lifesaving packets of therapeutic food to severely malnourished children around the world. [96] => [97] => ===Trick-or-Treat UNICEF box=== [98] => {{Main|Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF}} [99] => Since 1950, when a group of children in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], donated $17 which they received on Halloween to help post-World War II victims, the Trick-or-Treat UNICEF box has become a tradition in [[North America]] during the fall.{{cite web|last=Smylie|first=James H.|url=http://www.pres-outlook.com/reports-a-resources/presbyterian-heritage-articles/856.html|title=Presbyterians initiated UNICEF's 'Trick-or-Treat' program 50 years ago|archive-date=2010-11-28|work=The Presbyterian Outlook|date=2001-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128115747/http://pres-outlook.com/reports-a-resources/presbyterian-heritage-articles/856.html}} These small orange boxes are handed to children at schools and other locations before 31 October. {{As of|2012}}, the Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign has collected approximately [[Canadian dollar|C$]]91 million in [[Canada]] and over [[United States dollar|US$]]167 million in the U.S..{{cite web|title=Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF|url=http://youth.unicefusa.org/trickortreat/|publisher=unicefusa.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423133823/http://youth.unicefusa.org/trickortreat/|archive-date=23 April 2013}} [100] => [101] => ===Cartoons for Children's Rights=== [102] => {{Main|Cartoons for Children's Rights}} [103] => [[Cartoons for Children's Rights]] is the collection of animated shorts based on UNICEF's [[Convention on the Rights of the Child]]. [104] => In 1994, UNICEF held a summit encouraging animation studios around the world to create individual animated spots demonstrating the international rights of children. [105] => [106] => ===Corporate partnership=== [107] => To raise money to support its Education and Literacy Programs, UNICEF collaborates with companies worldwide – international as well as small- and medium-sized businesses. [108] => [109] => Since 2004, the organization has been supported by [[Montblanc (company)|Montblanc]], working collaboratively to help the world's children getting better access to education.{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/corporate_partners/index_montblanc.html|title=Montblanc | UNICEF's corporate partnerships|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=2014-08-03|archive-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027120927/http://www.unicef.org/corporate_partners/index_montblanc.html|url-status=dead}} [110] => [111] => According to ''Vaccine News Daily'', [[Merck & Co.]] partnered with UNICEF in June 2013 to decrease maternal mortality, [[HIV]] and [[tuberculosis]] prevalence in [[South Africa]]. Merck's program "Merck for Mothers" will give US$500 million worldwide for programs that improve health for expectant mothers and their children.{{cite web|url=http://vaccinenewsdaily.com/news/325326-merck-for-mothers-contributes-to-unicefs-south-african-efforts/|title=Merck for Mothers contributes to UNICEF's South African efforts|last1=Rogers|first1=Emma|date=4 June 2013|publisher=Vaccine News Daily|access-date=6 June 2013}} [112] => [113] => In May 2010, [[Crucell|Crucell N.V.]] announced an additional US$110 million award from UNICEF to supply its [[DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine|pentavalent]] pediatric vaccine [[Quinvaxem]] to the developing world.{{cite news|url=http://www.leidenbiosciencepark.nl/news/news_item/t/crucell_announces_new_award_of_110_million_for_paediatric_vaccine_quinvaxem_by_unicef|title=Crucell announces new award of $110 million for paediatric vaccine Quinvaxem by UNICEF|date=10 May 2010|publisher=Leiden Bio Science Park|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045835/http://www.leidenbiosciencepark.nl/news/news_item/t/crucell_announces_new_award_of_110_million_for_paediatric_vaccine_quinvaxem_by_unicef|archive-date=8 August 2014}} [114] => [115] => ===Corporate social responsibility=== [116] => UNICEF works directly with companies to improve their business practices, bringing them in line with obligations under [[international law]], and ensuring that they respect children's rights in the realms of the marketplace, workplace, and the community. In 2012, UNICEF worked with Save the Children and The [[United Nations Global Compact]] to develop the Children's Rights and Business Principles and now these guidelines form the basis of UNICEF's advice to companies. UNICEF works with companies seeking to improve their [[social sustainability]] by guiding them through a due diligence process where issues throughout their supply chain, such as [[child labour]], can be identified and actions to ratify them are put in place.{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/csr/|title=Corporate Social Responsibility – Home|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=2014-08-03}} [117] => [118] => UNICEF's timely responses to the increasing humanitarian needs in the State of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] have contributed to reaching more than 32,000 affected people.In 2023, UNICEF requires US$23.8 million for critical humanitarian services in the State of Palestine (SoP), out of which 38 per cent has been received, leaving a concerning gap of 62 per cent.{{Cite web|date=2023-09-27|title=UNICEF State of Palestine Humanitarian Situation Report No. 2 (Mid-Year): 1 January to 30 June 2023 - occupied Palestinian territory {{!}} ReliefWeb|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/unicef-state-palestine-humanitarian-situation-report-no-2-mid-year-1-january-30-june-2023|access-date=2023-09-28|website=reliefweb.int|language=en}} [119] => [120] => ===Girl Star=== [121] => The [[Girl Star]]{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/india/media_2673.htm|title=UNICEF India – Media center – Girl Star Project|publisher=Unicef.org|date=2007-11-22|access-date=2014-08-03}} project is a series of films which documents stories of girls from the most disadvantaged communities across five northern states in India who, through via education, have managed to break socio-economic constraints to make a success of their lives and became self-sufficient. These young women have grown to become role models in their communities, inspiring younger girls to go to school and continue their education. They have selected professions from the most conventional such as teaching and nursing to the most unconventional like archery, bee-keeping, {{clarify|text=scrap management|date=November 2015}}, often entering what has traditionally been a man's domain. [122] => [123] => ===Kids United=== [124] => {{Main|Kids United}} [125] => [[Kids United]], succeeded by [[Kids United Nouvelle Génération]] (Kids United New Generation), is a [[French people|French]] musical group consisting of five children born between 2000 and 2009 (six children when the group was originally formed). [[Erza Muqoli]] was a founding member. It was created to support UNICEF campaigns and is sponsored by [[Hélène Ségara]] and [[Corneille (singer)|Corneille]], two [[francophone]] singers. The first album, ''[[Un monde meilleur]]'' (A better world), was launched on Universal Children's Day in 2015 and received gold certification in [[France]]. The second album, ''[[Tout le bonheur du monde (album)|Tout le bonheur du monde]]'' (All the happiness in the world), was released in 2016 and was certified 2× platinum. The group released its third album in 2017, ''[[Forever United]]''. After becoming [[Kids United Nouvelle Génération]], it released its fourth album in 2018 ''Au bout de nos rêves'' (At the end of our dreams), and its fifth album in 2019, ''L'hymne de la vie'' (The hymn of life). The group remains active and has achieved great success within Francophonic countries. [126] => [127] => ===U-report=== [128] => [[U-Report]] is a free SMS social monitoring tool and real-time information system for community participation, designed to strengthen community-led development, citizen engagement, and positive change. SMS polls and alerts are sent out to U-reporters and real-time response information is collected. Results and ideas are shared back with the community. Issues polled include among others health, education, water, sanitation and hygiene, youth unemployment, HIV/ AIDS, disease outbreaks; social welfare sectors. The initiative is currently operational in 68 countries and covers more than 11 million people. [129] => [130] => ===Rugby League World Cup 2021=== [131] => On 19 June 2019 the [[2021 Rugby League World Cup]] ([[England]]) announced that UNICEF would become the official tournament charity.{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org.uk/press-releases/rugby-league-world-cup-2021-partners-unicef-uk/|title=Rugby League World Cup 2021 Partners With Unicef UK|website=Unicef UK|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-08-13}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.rlwc2021.com/article/41/rlwc2021-partners-with-unicef-uk|title=Rugby League World Cup 2021|website=www.rlwc2021.com|access-date=2019-08-13}} The announcement was made at [[Mansion House, London]]{{Citation|title='Inspired by 2021' Legacy Programme and UNICEF Partnership Announcement|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MU1KNmTT6Q|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211029/7MU1KNmTT6Q|archive-date=2021-10-29|language=en|access-date=2019-08-13}}{{cbignore}} as part of a launch event for the [[Rugby League World Cup]] legacy program called 'Inspired by RLWC2021'. The partnership aims to use the power of sport to raise awareness and funds for UNICEF's work protecting children in danger around the world. [132] => [133] => In addition to the general promotion of the charity at matches and events, the 2021 Rugby League World Cup Chief Executive has also stated that there will be an officially designated "UNICEF" game at some point during the Men's World Cup. [134] => [135] => ==Celebrity ambassadors== [136] => {{main|List of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors}} [137] => UNICEF Ambassadors are leaders in the entertainment industry, representing the fields of film, television, music, sports and beyond. They help raise awareness of the needs of children, and use their talent and status to fundraise, advocate, and educate on behalf of UNICEF.{{cite web|title=UNICEF Ambassadors|url=https://www.unicefusa.org/supporters/celebrities/ambassadors|website=UNICEF:United States Fund|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=28 April 2016}} [138] => [139] => ==Facilities== [140] => {{stack| [141] => [[File:UNICEF world warehouse gate.jpg|thumb|right|One of the gates to the old UNICEF World Warehouse]] [142] => [[File:1 school in a box.jpg|thumb|right|UNICEF ''School in a box'' contains basic educational items for one teacher and 40 students.]] [143] => [[File:UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.jpg|thumb|The UNICEF research centre at the [[Ospedale degli Innocenti]] in [[Florence]]]] [144] => }} [145] => [146] => ===UNICEF World Warehouse=== [147] => The old UNICEF World Warehouse is a large facility in [[Denmark]], which hosts UNICEF deliverable goods as well as co-hosts emergency goods for [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] (UNHCR) and the [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]] (IFRC). Until 2012 the facility was a 25,000m2 warehouse at [[Nordhavnen|Marmormolen]] in Copenhagen. With construction of a 45,000m2 [[UN City]] that is to house all UN activities in Copenhagen under one roof,{{cite web|url=http://www.byoghavn.dk/marmor-front/Marmormolen/FN+Byen.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901180829/http://www.byoghavn.dk/marmor-front/Marmormolen/FN%2BByen.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-09-01|title=FN Byen|access-date=2012-07-06|author=By & Havn|language=da|author-link=By & Havn}} the warehouse service has been relocated to outer parts of the [[Freeport of Copenhagen]]. The facility houses the UNICEF Supply Division which manages strategic hubs in [[Dubai]], [[Douala]], and [[Colón, Panama|Colón]].{{cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/supply/index_contact.html|access-date=28 January 2020|title=Supplies and Logistics|work=UNICEF}} [148] => [149] => The warehouse contains a variety of items, such as [[food supplements]], [[Chlorine Dioxide Tablets|water purification tablets]], [[dietary supplement|dietary]] and [[Vitamin#Supplementation|vitamin supplements]], and the "School in a box" (pictured right).{{clarify|date=August 2021}}{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}} [150] => [151] => ===UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre=== [152] => The UNICEF [[Ospedale degli Innocenti|Innocenti]] Research Centre was established in 1988. It is based at the [[Ospedale degli Innocenti]] historic building in [[Florence]], [[Italy]].{{cite web|publisher=UNICEF Innocenti|date=2021|title=History of Innocenti|url=https://www.unicef-irc.org/history-of-innocenti|access-date=19 July 2022}} [153] => [154] => The centre was created to strengthen UNICEF's research capability and to support its advocacy for children worldwide. It is the research arm of UNICEF, and is part of the Office of Research. The Office of Research has as its prime objectives to improve international understanding of issues relating to children's rights, to promote economic policies that advance the cause of children, and to help facilitate the full implementation of the United Nations [[Convention on the Rights of the Child]] in 190 countries and territories.{{Cite web|last=Innocenti|first=UNICEF Office of Research-|title=FAQS|url=https://www.unicef-irc.org/aboutIRC/FAQ.html|access-date=2022-01-14|website=UNICEF-IRC|language=en}} [155] => [156] => UNICEF Innocenti develops its research agenda in consultation with other parts of UNICEF and with external stakeholders. [157] => [158] => The program reaffirms the centre's academic freedom and the focus of IRC's research on knowledge gaps, emerging questions and sensitive issues which are relevant to the realization of children's rights, in developing and industrialized countries. It capitalizes on IRC's role as an interface between UNICEF field experience, international experts, research networks and policy makers and is designed to strengthen the centre's institutional collaboration with regional academic and policy institutions, pursuing the following goals: [159] => *Generation and communication of strategic and influential knowledge on issues affecting children and the realization of their rights; [160] => *Knowledge exchange and brokering; [161] => *Support to UNICEF's advocacy, policy's and program development in support of the Millennium Agenda; [162] => *Securing and strengthening the centre's institutional and financial basis. [163] => [164] => Three interrelated strategies guide the achievement of these goals: [165] => *Evidence-based analysis drawing on quantitative and qualitative information, the application of appropriate methodologies, and the development of recommendations to assess and inform advocacy and policy action. [166] => *Enhanced partnerships with research and policy institutions and development actors, globally and at regional level, in developing and industrialized countries. [167] => *Communication and leveraging of research findings and recommendations to support policy development and advocacy initiatives through strategic dissemination of studies and contribution to relevant events and fora.[http://www.unicef-irc.org/ Innocenti Research Centre], UNICEF-irc.org [168] => [169] => ==Position on ethical themes== [170] => UNICEF's programmatic objectives include the promotion of safe [[abortion]]s{{cite web|title=Son preference perpetuates discrimination and violations of women's rights – it must and can end|url=https://www.unicef.org/media/media_58924.html|website=UNICEF|access-date=21 June 2020|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621202853/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_58924.html|url-status=dead}} and education in [[Human population planning|family planning]] and in the use of [[contraception]].{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/projects/contraception/en/|title=WHO {{!}} Current HRP projects|website=WHO|access-date=21 June 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.lepantoin.org/unicef/|title=UNICEF|website=The Lepanto Institute|language=en-US|access-date=21 June 2020}} To this end, it is one of the co-sponsors of the [[Special Programme on Human Reproduction]].{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/teams/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research-(srh)/human-reproduction-programme|title=sexual and reproductive health and research-SHR|access-date=9 March 2023}} [171] => [172] => In a joint declaration of 2011,{{Cite web|url=https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/Preventing_gender-biased_sex_selection.pdf|title=Preventing gender-biased sex selection|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223050229/https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/Preventing_gender-biased_sex_selection.pdf|archive-date=23 December 2014}} UNICEF argued the need to combat the spread of selective abortion, through plans that favored, inter alia, the use of safe abortion services and family planning programs in order to decrease the use of abortion. [173] => [174] => In 2013, together with WHO, it published an integrated plan of guidelines for the prevention of infant mortality caused by pneumonia and diarrhea, including, among the recommended strategies for promoting the health of women and children, access to safe abortion.{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/media/files/Final_GAPPD_main_Report-_EN-8_April_2013.pdf|title=Ending Preventable Child Deaths from Pneumonia and Diarrhoea by 2025|access-date=21 June 2020|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813023939/https://www.unicef.org/media/files/Final_GAPPD_main_Report-_EN-8_April_2013.pdf|url-status=dead}} [175] => [176] => UNICEF has adopted the ABC strategy ("'''a'''bstinence, '''b'''e faithful and consistent '''c'''ondom use") promoted in various international AIDS prevention interventions.{{cite book|last1=UNICEF|first2=Joint United Nations Programme on|last2=HIV/AIDS|title=Young People and HIV/AIDS: Opportunity in Crisis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyj79Vq24GAC&q=UNICEF%2FMultiple+Indicator+Cluster+Surveys+%28MICS%29%2CMeasure+DHS%2C+1999-2001.+condom&pg=PP16|access-date=21 June 2020|date=2002|publisher=The Stationery Office|language=en|isbn=978-0-11-987820-2}} The strategy was later updated as the "'''ABC to Z''' model", to include '''D'''elaying and '''V'''oluntary '''C'''ounselling & '''T'''esting.{{Cite web|last=UNICEF|date=2005|title=Simple as ABC? Re-examining HIV Prevention for Youth|url=https://www.unicef.org/namibia/UNICEF_2005_ABC_advoc_feb_latest.pdf}}{{dead link|date=March 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} [177] => [178] => In 1996 the [[Holy See|Vatican]] withdrew its symbolic contribution to UNICEF on the occasion of the publication by UNICEF of a manual on emergency operations for refugee populations which supported the spread of [[Emergency contraception|emergency contraceptive practices]].{{cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Patricia|title=Good Catholics: The Battle over Abortion in the Catholic Church|date=2014-05-20|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-95827-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qkMAwAAQBAJ&q=unicef+vatican+contraception&pg=PA206|access-date=21 June 2020}}{{cite news|title=Holy See gets tough on UNICEF|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/holy-see-gets-tough-on-unicef-1.19946|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=21 June 2020}}{{cite journal|last1=Deen|first1=T.|title=UNICEF supports birth control despite Holy See|journal=Popline|year=1992|volume=14|pages=3–4|pmid=12317622|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12317622/}} [179] => [180] => Despite this, on several occasions senior UNICEF officials have denied that the organization promoted abortion or family planning methods.{{cite news|title=UNICEF And Abortion|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/letters/unicef-and-abortion-1.96197|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=21 June 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.it/doc/2140/unicef-e-aborto-un-chiarimento-necessario.htm|title=UNICEF e aborto, un chiarimento necessario|website=www.unicef.it|language=IT|access-date=21 June 2020}} [181] => [182] => UNICEF also supports the adoption by states of laws that guarantee [[Homosexual union|LGBT couples]] and their children the legal recognition of their status, as these rules would help ensure the best interests of children.{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicef.it/Allegati/Position_Paper_Sexual_Identification_and_Gender_Identity_12_Nov_2014.pdf|title=ELIMINATING DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CHILDREN AND PARENTS BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND/ OR GENDER IDENTITY|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509113234/https://www.unicef.it/Allegati/Position_Paper_Sexual_Identification_and_Gender_Identity_12_Nov_2014.pdf|archive-date=9 May 2016}} [183] => [184] => =={{anchor|Criticism}}Controversies== [185] => ===Adoption program=== [186] => UNICEF has a policy preferring orphanages only be used as temporary accommodation for children when there is no alternative. UNICEF has historically opposed the creation of large-scale, permanent orphanages for children, preferring instead to find children places in their (extended) families and communities, wherever possible. This has led UNICEF to be skeptical of international adoption efforts as a solution to child care problems in developing countries; UNICEF has preferred to see children cared for in their birth countries rather than be adopted by foreign parents.{{Cite web|url=http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3228398/IA-GlPol72409.pdf?sequence=2|title=Bartholet article on human rights and adoption|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701152345/http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3228398/IA-GlPol72409.pdf?sequence=2|archive-date=1 July 2010}}{{cite web|url=https://bothendsburning.org/|title=Both Ends Burning|access-date=9 July 2015}} [187] => [188] => A 2013 article in ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' magazine asserted UNICEF's intervention that on giving large cash payments to developing countries can lead to a cessation of international adoptions until all of its recommendations are in place, and have even labelled UNICEF a "villain" for the extent of its negative impact on orphans.{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/peter-roff/2013/05/17/bureaucracy-keeps-adopted-children-stuck-in-international-limbo|title=Bureaucracy Keeps Adopted Children Stuck in International Limbo – US News|author=Peter Roff|work=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=9 July 2015}} [189] => [190] => ===Child mortality=== [191] => One concern is that the child [[mortality rate]] has not decreased in some areas as rapidly as had been planned, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where in 2013 "the region still has the highest child mortality rate: 92 deaths per 1000 live births",Danzhen You, Lucia Hug and Yao Chen, [http://childmortality.org/files_v19/download/unicef-2013-child-mortality-report-LR-10_31_14_195.pdf "Levels and Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2014: Estimates Developed by the UN Interagency Group for Child mortality Estimation"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814133928/http://childmortality.org/files_v19/download/unicef-2013-child-mortality-report-LR-10_31_14_195.pdf|date=2015-08-14}}. Published by the United Nations Children's Fund, The World Bank, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Population Division, 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2015. p. 1. and that "Globally, nearly half of under-five deaths are attributable to undernutrition." [192] => [193] => In 2005, [[Richard Horton (editor)|Richard Horton]], editor-in-chief of ''[[The Lancet]]'', editorialized that "over 60% of these deaths were and remain preventable" and that the coverage levels for these interventions are "appallingly low in the 42 countries that account for 90% of child deaths".{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17560-0|title=UNICEF leadership 2005–2015: a call for strategic change|year=2004|last1=Horton|first1=Richard|author-link=Richard Horton (editor)|journal=The Lancet|volume=364|pages=2071–2074|pmid=15589292|issue=9451|s2cid=42522736}} [194] => [195] => A $27 million UNICEF program in [[West Africa]] in 2001–2005 which was meant to decrease child deaths from disease has been deemed a failure, according to a study that found higher survival rates of children in some regions that weren't included in that program.{{Cite news|title=UNICEF program failed to save children: study {{!}} CBC News|language=en-US|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/unicef-program-failed-to-save-children-study-1.939386|access-date=2021-02-08}} [196] => [197] => Critics argue that UNICEF's focus on rights rather than safety and survival is idealistic, and that by focusing on politicized [[children's rights]] instead of mere child survival, UNICEF has contributed indirectly to the [[child mortality]] crisis.{{Cite web|title=UNICEF's 'Rights' Focus Is All Wrong {{!}} Wendy McElroy|url=https://www.independent.org/news/article.asp?id=1443|access-date=2021-02-08|website=The Independent Institute}} [198] => [199] => ===Mismanagement and abuse of funding=== [200] => In 1995, in what was called "the worst scandal in its history", UNICEF disclosed that 24 employees in its Kenya office stole or squandered $10-million; this fraud consumed more than a quarter of the UNICEF's $37-million two-year budget for Kenya.{{Cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/05/26/millions-lost-to-fraud-at-unicef/|title=Millions lost to fraud at UNICEF|website=Tampa Bay Times}} [201] => [202] => In Germany, in the late 2000s, UNICEF was accused of mismanagement, abuse and waste of funds.{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23256368|title=UNICEF Germany loses a seal of approval|website=[[NBC News]]|date=22 February 2008 }} This has resulted in 5,000 of UNICEF regular donors abandoning their support from the charity, and politicians and public figures, including [[Angela Merkel]], demanding explanations, and the chairwoman of UNICEF Germany resigning in 2008.{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/donors-flee-criticisms-mount-amid-germanys-unicef-crisis/a-3111092|title=Donors Flee, Criticisms Mount Amid Germany's UNICEF Crisis | DW | 06.02.2008|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}} [203] => [204] => In 2012, UNICEF confirmed fraud in a Pakistan school rehabilitation project, where an estimated US$4 million was lost when funds were misappropriated.{{cite web|url=https://www.devex.com/news/unicef-confirms-fraud-in-pakistan-school-rehabilitation-project-77988|title=UNICEF confirms fraud in Pakistan school rehabilitation project|website=devex.com|last=Mungcal|first=Ivy|date=13 April 2012|access-date=19 July 2022}}{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/unicef-concludes-investigation-misappropriation-funds-project-pakistan|title=UNICEF concludes investigation into misappropriation of funds in a project in Pakistan - Pakistan | ReliefWeb|date=13 April 2012|website=reliefweb.int}} [205] => [206] => ===NSA surveillance=== [207] => {{Further|Global surveillance disclosure}} [208] => Documents released by [[Edward Snowden]] in December 2013 showed that UNICEF was among the surveillance targets of British and American intelligence agencies.[https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/dec/20/gchq-targeted-aid-agencies-german-government-eu-commissioner GCHQ and NSA targeted charities, Germans, Israeli PM and EU chief] The Guardian 20 December 2013 [209] => [210] => ===Sexual assault=== [211] => Press reports in 2020 disclosed that women in the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] accused foreign aid workers, including UNICEF workers, of sexually assaulting them. [[World Health Organization|The World Health Organization]] described the alleged actions as reprehensible and a UNICEF spokesperson acknowledged that such sexual assault cases are underreported in the region.{{Cite news|title=New Report Reveals Sexual Abuse by Aid Workers During DRC's 2019 Ebola Crisis|work=Statecraft|url=https://www.statecraft.co.in/article/new-report-reveals-sexual-abuse-by-aid-workers-during-drc-s-2019-ebola-crisis}} Prior to this, in 2018, UNICEF was hit by a wave of sexual misconduct accusations; in 2018, deputy director [[Justin Forsyth]] resigned from UNICEF following allegations that he behaved inappropriately toward female staff members.{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180424-unicef-greece-face-corruption-probe|title=UNICEF in Greece face corruption probe|date=24 April 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/22/world/unicef-deputy-director-justin-forsyth-resigns/index.html|title = UNICEF deputy director resigns after accusations of inappropriate behavior|date=22 February 2018}} [212] => [213] => UNICEF has also admitted to shortcomings in its humanitarian support of children who said that they were raped and sexually abused by French peacekeepers in [[Central African Republic]].{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/feb/13/unicef-admits-failings-with-child-victims-of-alleged-sex-abuse-by-peacekeepers|title=Unicef admits failings with child victims of alleged sex abuse by peacekeepers|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=13 February 2018}} [214] => [215] => Peter Newell, a convicted child sex offender, has worked closely with UNICEF: he managed a charity that received hundreds of thousand of pounds from the NSPCC, Barnardo's, Save the Children and UNICEF; and cowrote a manual on children's rights called ''Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child for Unicef'', which was published by UNICEF.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/child-rights-activist-peter-newell-convicted-of-sex-abuse-wrn0cnvm9|title=Paedophile Peter Newell had key role at child charity|first=John Simpson, Crime|last=Correspondent|date=31 August 2023|via=www.thetimes.co.uk}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43075546|title=Children's rights activist Peter Newell jailed for abuse|work=BBC News|date=16 February 2018}} [216] => [217] => Andrew MacLeod, the former chief of operations at the UN's Emergency Co-ordination Center, had accused UNICEF of failure to take action to prevent abuses; he stated "There are tens of thousands of aid workers around the world with pedophile tendencies, but if you wear a UNICEF T-shirt, nobody will ask what you're up to."{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/un-staff-allegedly-responsbile-for-over-60000-cases-of-sexual-exploitation-542817|title=UN staff allegedly responsible for over 60,000 cases of sexual exploitation|website=The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com|date=16 February 2018 }}{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-congo-aid-idUSKBN26S02B|title=Aid groups should face tougher action over sex abuse by staff: Experts|newspaper=Reuters|date=7 October 2020}} [218] => [219] => ===Funding of UK food charities=== [220] => In December 2020, UNICEF made funding available to feed children in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] for the first time as part of its Food Power for Generation COVID initiative. UNICEF pledged £25,000 to School Food Matters, a south London charity, to help feed children over the Christmas holidays. A partnership of Devon charities had also been given £24,000 to help feed 120 families over the winter of 2020. UNICEF said it was helping children in the UK because of an increase in food poverty in Britain, caused by the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]]. It estimates there are children going hungry in a fifth of households. Anna Kettley, from UNICEF said "We are one of the richest countries in the world and we should not have to be relying on food banks or food aid." [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] MP [[Zarah Sultana]] in the House of Commons said, "For the first time ever, UNICEF, the UN agency responsible for providing humanitarian aid to children, is having to feed working-class kids in the UK but while children go hungry, a wealthy few enjoy obscene riches." In response, [[Jacob Rees-Mogg]], [[Tory]] MP and [[Leader of the House of Commons]] said, "I think it is a real scandal that UNICEF should be playing politics in this way when it is meant to be looking after people in the poorest, the most deprived, countries of the world where people are starving, where there are famines and where there are civil wars, and they make cheap political points of this kind, giving, I think, 25,000 to one council. It is a political stunt of the lowest order. UNICEF should be ashamed of itself." Chris Forster, from Transforming Plymouth Together, one of the Devon charities to benefit from UNICEF donations, said, "We had one family as part of the deliveries last week literally in tears with gratitude because their cupboard was bare." [[Scottish National Party]] MP, [[Tommy Sheppard (politician)|Tommy Sheppard]] said, "It is astonishing that these comments are coming from the same government that had to be publicly shamed into following Scotland's lead and providing free school meals for children over the holidays." [[LBC]] reported that the UN humanitarian aid agency are providing over £700,000 to feed hungry children in the UK.{{Cite news|last=Sparrow|first=Andrew|date=2020-12-17|title=UK coronavirus: cases rise 42% in a week as tier 3 rules widened and furlough extended – as it happened|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2020/dec/17/uk-coronavirus-live-matt-hancock-latest-covid-tiers-rules-england-wales-christmas-latest-updates?page=with%3Ablock-5fdb492f8f08c97e60387604|access-date=2020-12-18|issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite web|date=2020-12-16|title=Unicef to feed hungry children in UK for first time in 70-year history|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/dec/16/unicef-feed-hungry-children-uk-first-time-history|access-date=2020-12-18|website=The Guardian|language=en}}{{Cite news|date=2020-12-17|title=Jacob Rees-Mogg accuses Unicef of 'playing politics' over UK food campaign|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-55354958|access-date=2020-12-18}}{{Cite news|date=2020-12-17|title=Unicef to feed children in UK for first time|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-55348047|access-date=2020-12-18}}{{Cite web|date=2020-12-17|title=Rees-Mogg brands Unicef's offer to feed hungry children in UK a 'political stunt'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jacob-rees-mogg-child-food-poverty-unicef-b1775618.html|access-date=2020-12-18|website=The Independent|language=en}}{{Cite web|last1=Glaze|first1=Ben|last2=Buchan|first2=Lizzy|date=2020-12-17|title=Jacob Rees Mogg says Unicef should be 'ashamed' for feeding UK's hungry kids|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/jacob-rees-mogg-says-unicef-23182270|access-date=2020-12-18|website=mirror|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Unicef to feed hungry UK children for first time in 70 year history|url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/unicef-uk-hungry-children-food-school-food-matters/|access-date=2020-12-18|website=LBC|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Unicef helps feed hungry children 'as part of first UK response'|url=https://www.shropshirestar.com/news/uk-news/2020/12/16/unicef-helps-feed-hungry-children-as-part-of-first-uk-response/|access-date=2020-12-18|website=www.shropshirestar.com|date=16 December 2020 |language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Unicef helps feed hungry children 'as part of first UK response'|url=https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/viralnews/18948263.unicef-helps-feed-hungry-children-as-part-first-uk-response/|access-date=2020-12-18|website=Glasgow Times|date=16 December 2020 |language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2020-12-16|title=Unicef to help feed children in the UK for the first time|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/unicef-child-poverty-hungry-children-coronvirus-first-time-797077|access-date=2020-12-18|website=inews.co.uk|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Sleigh|first=Sophia|date=2020-12-16|title=Unicef to help feed UK children for first time in history|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/foodforlondon/unicef-feed-uk-children-first-time-b336596.html|access-date=2020-12-18|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en}}{{Citation overkill|date= March 2023}} [221] => [222] => ==="Digital Age Assurance Tools and Children's Rights Online across the Globe" report=== [223] => In 2021, UNICEF published a report called "Digital Age Assurance Tools and Children's Rights Online across the Globe".{{Cite web|title=No, UNICEF Didn't Say Blocking Kids From Porn Violates Their Rights|url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/unicef-kids-porn-report/|access-date=2022-09-27|website=Snopes.com|date=8 June 2021|language=en-US}} The paper, focusing on human rights and digital tools, generated controversy after misleading claims and headlines about the report were spread online, originating from a story by the conservative [[Center for Family and Human Rights]]. The fact-checking website [[Snopes]] rated the claim that the "report said pornography is not always harmful to children and blocking children from watching pornography online violates their rights" as false. UNICEF pulled down the report, citing misrepresentation of one of its portions. [224] => [225] => ==See also== [226] => {{Portal|Politics|Food}} [227] => {{col div|colwidth=30em}} [228] => *[[Afghan New Beginnings Programme]] [229] => *[[Alliance for Healthy Cities]] [230] => *[[Awaaz do|Awaaz do – India]] [231] => *[[Facts for Life]] [232] => *[[Integrated Management of Childhood Illness]] [233] => *[[Ludwik Rajchman]], founder of UNICEF and its first Chairman [234] => *[[James P. Grant]], who was the third executive director of UNICEF [235] => *[[Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey]], statistical monitoring program of UNICEF [236] => *[[Music for UNICEF Concert]] [237] => *[[Odisha State Child Protection Society]] [238] => *[[Unite for Children, Unite Against AIDS]] [239] => *[[Voices of Youth]] [240] => *[[RapidSMS]] (co-developed by UNICEF) [241] => *[[Children in emergencies and conflicts]] [242] => *[[Refugee children]] [243] => *[[Child marriage]] [244] => *[[United Nations]] [245] => {{colend}} [246] => [247] => ==Notes== [248] => {{reflist|group=lower-alpha|1}} [249] => [250] => ==References== [251] => {{Reflist}} [252] => [253] => ==Links== [254] => {{commons category|UNICEF|
UNICEF
(United Nations Children's Fund)}} [255] => *[http://www.unicef.org/ Official UNICEF website] [256] => *[https://www.unicef.org/reports/annual-report-2018 UNICEF 2018 Annual Report], downloadable in several languages [257] => *[https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/un-and-the-rule-of-law/united-nations-childrens-fund/ United Nations Rule of Law: The United Nations Children's Fund], on the [[rule of law]] work conducted by the United Nations Children Fund. [258] => *(EN) [https://www.unicef-irc.org/ UNICEF, Office of Research-Innocenti, Florence] [259] => *{{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1965, ''UNICEF: Achievement and Challenge'' [260] => [261] => {{S-start}} [262] => {{S-ach}} [263] => {{Succession box [264] => |title = [[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Peace Prize Laureate]] [265] => |before = [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] [266] => |years = 1965 [267] => |after = [[René Cassin]]
1968 [268] => }} [269] => {{Succession box [270] => |title = [[Atatürk International Peace Prize]] [271] => |before = [[Turkish Red Crescent]] 1995 [272] => |years = 1996 [273] => |after = [[Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
1997 [274] => }} [275] => {{S-end}} [276] => [277] => {{Humanitarian Aid}} [278] => {{Humanitarian partners of the European Commission}} [279] => {{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1951-1975}} [280] => {{1965 Nobel Prize winners}} [281] => {{ECOSOC}} [282] => {{Supranationalism/World government topics|state=collapsed}} [283] => {{UN Charter}} [284] => {{United Nations}} [285] => {{Prince of Asturias Award for Concord}} [286] => {{Authority control}} [287] => [288] => [[Category:UNICEF| ]] [289] => [[Category:1946 establishments in New York (state)]] [290] => [[Category:Organizations established in 1946]] [291] => [[Category:United Nations Development Group]] [292] => [[Category:United Nations Economic and Social Council]] [293] => [[Category:Organizations awarded Nobel Peace Prizes]] [294] => [[Category:Children's charities based in the United States]] [] => )
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UNICEF

UNICEF is an acronym for the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. It is a United Nations agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental assistance to children worldwide.

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It is a United Nations agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental assistance to children worldwide. UNICEF's primary focus is to promote the rights and well-being of every child, particularly those in disadvantaged or marginalized situations. The organization was established in December 1946 in response to the aftermath of World War II, to provide emergency food, healthcare, and assistance to children in countries devastated by the conflict. Over the years, UNICEF's mandate has evolved to encompass various other areas including education, immunization, water and sanitation, child protection, and emergency response. UNICEF operates in more than 190 countries and territories through country programs and National Committees, which are autonomous organizations that raise funds and promote children's rights at the national level. The organization relies on voluntary contributions from governments, corporations, and individuals to support its programs and initiatives. Some key achievements of UNICEF include its leading role in reducing child mortality rates, tackling malnutrition, promoting girls' education, and advocating for children's rights. It played a crucial role in the global effort to eradicate polio and continues to combat other diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, and COVID-19. UNICEF also works to address the unique needs and challenges faced by children affected by conflicts, emergencies, and disasters. In addition to its operational work, UNICEF conducts research and analysis, generates data on the well-being of children, and advocates for policies that protect and promote their rights. It collaborates with governments and partner organizations to deliver programs and services that contribute to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and Goal 4 (Quality Education). Overall, UNICEF has played a crucial role in improving the lives of millions of children worldwide, working towards a world where every child has a fair chance to grow, learn, and thrive.

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