Array ( [0] => {{Short description|Taxonomic family that includes honey bees (sting or stingless), bumble bees and orchid bees}} [1] => {{redirect-distinguish|Apid|Apis (disambiguation){{!}}Apis}} [2] => {{Automatic taxobox [3] => | image = Xylocopa micans.JPG [4] => | image_caption =''[[Xylocopa micans]]'' (a [[carpenter bee]]), on a ''[[Vitex]]'' species flower [5] => | display_parents = 2 [6] => | taxon = Apidae [7] => | authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1802 [8] => | type_genus = ''[[Apis (genus)|Apis]]'' [9] => | type_genus_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 [10] => | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies [11] => | subdivision = [12] => * [[Apinae]] [13] => * [[Nomadinae]] [14] => * [[Xylocopinae]] [15] => }} [16] => [17] => '''Apidae''' is the largest family within the superfamily [[Apoidea]], containing at least 5700 species of [[bee]]s. The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including [[bumblebee]]s and [[honey bee]]s, but also includes [[stingless bee]]s (also used for honey production), [[carpenter bee]]s, [[euglossini|orchid bees]], [[nomadinae|cuckoo bees]], and a number of other less widely known groups.{{cite journal|last1=Danforth|first1=Bryan N.|last2=Cardinal|first2=Sophie|last3=Praz|first3=Christophe|last4=Almeida|first4=Eduardo A.B.|last5=Michez|first5=Denis|title=The Impact of Molecular Data on Our Understanding of Bee Phylogeny and Evolution|journal=Annual Review of Entomology|volume=58|issue=1|year=2013|pages=57–78|issn=0066-4170|doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153633|pmid=22934982}}[http://bugguide.net/node/view/3076 BugGuide.Net: the Family '''Apidae''' (of bees)] . accessed 6.23.2013 Many are valuable [[pollinator]]s in natural [[habitat]]s and for agricultural [[crop]]s.[Michener, Charles D. (2007) ''The bees of the world''. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Londres.] [18] => [19] => ==Taxonomy== [20] => In addition to its historical classification (honey bees, bumble bees, stingless bees and orchid bees), the family Apidae presently includes all the genera formerly placed in the families Anthophoridae and [[Ctenoplectridae]]. Although the most visible members of Apidae are social, the vast majority of apid bees are solitary, including a number of [[kleptoparasite|kleptoparasitic]] species.[O'Toole, Christopher, Raw, Anthony (1999) ''Bees of the world''. Cassell Illustrated. {{ISBN|0-8160-5712-5}}] [21] => [22] => The old family Apidae contained four tribes (Apinae: [[Apini]], [[Euglossini]] and Bombinae: [[Bombini]], [[Meliponini]]) which have been reclassified as tribes of the subfamily [[Apinae]], along with all of the former tribes and subfamilies of Anthophoridae and the former family Ctenoplectridae, which was demoted to tribe status. The trend to move groups down in taxonomic rank has been taken further by a 2005 Brazilian classification that places all existing bee families together under the name "Apidae",{{cite journal|last1=Gonçalves|first1=Rodrigo B.|title=Higher-level bee classifications (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apidae sensu lato)|journal=Melo, Gabriel AR, And"Revista Brasileira de Zoologia|date=2005|volume=22|issue=1|pages=153–159|doi=10.1590/S0101-81752005000100017|doi-access=free}} but it has not been widely accepted in the literature since that time. [23] => [24] => ===Subfamilies=== [25] => ====Apinae==== [26] => [[Image:Blue banded bee02.jpg|thumb|''[[Amegilla cingulata]]''—a subfamily [[Apinae]] [[digger bee]] species, of Australian blue banded bees, approaching [[tomato]] flower]] [27] => [28] => The subfamily [[Apinae]] contains [[honey bee]]s, [[bumblebee]]s, [[stingless bee]]s, [[Euglossini|orchid bee]]s, and [[Anthophorini|digger bee]]s, among others. The bees of most [[tribe (biology)|tribe]]s placed in Apinae are solitary with nests that are simple burrows in the soil. However, honey bees, stingless bees, and bumblebees are [[eusocial]] or colonial. These are sometimes believed to have each developed this trait independently, and show notable differences in such characteristics as communication between workers and methods of nest construction. [29] => [30] => Tribes include: [31] => *[[Ancylaini]]{{cite journal |last1=Engel |first1=M. S. |last2=Alqarni |first2=A. S. |last3=Shebl |first3=M. A. |year=2017 |title=Discovery of the bee tribe Tarsaliini in Arabia (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with the description of a new species |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=3877 |pages=1–28 |doi=10.1206/3877.1|hdl=2246/6703 |s2cid=89812681 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/262748 }} [32] => *[[Anthophorini]] [33] => *[[Apini]] [34] => *[[Bombini]] [35] => *[[Centridini]] [36] => *[[Ctenoplectrini]] [37] => *[[Emphorini]]—(Subtribe Ancyloscelidina; Subtribe Emphorina) [38] => *[[Ericrocidini]] [39] => *[[Eucerini]] [40] => *[[Euglossini]] [41] => *[[Exomalopsini]] [42] => *[[Isepeolini]] [43] => *[[Melectini]] [44] => *[[Meliponini]] [45] => *[[Osirini]] [46] => *[[Protepeolini]] [47] => *[[Rhathymini]] [48] => *[[Tapinotaspidini]] [49] => *[[Tarsaliini]] [50] => *[[Tetrapediini]] [51] => *[[Teratognathini]] [52] => [53] => ====Nomadinae==== [54] => [[File:34141973nomad.w.jpg|thumb|Subfamily [[Nomadinae]] cuckoo bee species, on flower.]] [55] => The subfamily [[Nomadinae]], or cuckoo bees, has 31 genera in 10 tribes which are all [[cleptoparasite]]s in the nests of other bees. [56] => [57] => Tribes include: [58] => *[[Ammobatini]] [59] => *[[Ammobatoidini]] [60] => *[[Biastini]] [61] => *[[Brachynomadini]] [62] => *[[Caenoprosopidini]] [63] => *[[Epeolini]]—(Subtribe Epeolina; Subtribe Odyneropsina; Subtribe Thalestriina) [64] => *[[Hexepeolini]] [65] => *[[Neolarrini]] [66] => *[[Nomadini]] [67] => *[[Townsendiellini]] [68] => [69] => ====Xylocopinae==== [70] => [[File:Bee September 2007-6.jpg|thumb|''[[Xylocopa violacea]]''—a subfamily [[Xylocopinae]] [[carpenter bee]], on flower.]] [71] => [72] => The subfamily [[Xylocopinae]], which includes [[carpenter bee]]s, are mostly solitary, though they tend to be gregarious. Some tribe lineages, such as the [[Allodapini]], contain eusocial species. [73] => [74] => Most members of this subfamily make nests in plant stems or wood. [75] => [76] => Tribes include: [77] => *[[Allodapini]] [78] => *[[Ceratinini]] [79] => *[[Manueliini]] [80] => *[[Xylocopini]] [81] => [82] => ==See also== [83] => *[[Bee (mythology)]] [84] => *[[List of crop plants pollinated by bees]] [85] => {{clear}} [86] => [87] => == References== [88] => {{Reflist|30em}} [89] => {{refbegin}} [90] => * {{cite book |last=Arnett | first=R. H. Jr. |year=2000 |edition=2nd |title=American insects |chapter=Ch. 25: Hymenoptera (Wasps, Ants, and Bees) |pages=531–614 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-8493-0212-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKzAmSDdLtsC}} [91] => * {{cite book |last1=Borror |first1=D. J. |last2=DeLong |first2=D. M. |last3=Triplehorn |first3=C. A. |year=1976 |title=An introduction to the study of insects |publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston |edition=4th |isbn=978-0-03-088406-1}} [92] => * {{cite book |last=Mitchell |first=T. B. |year=1962 |title=Bees of the Eastern United States |volume=2 |publisher=North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station |id=Tech. Bul. No. 152}} [93] => {{refend}} [94] => [95] => ==External links== [96] => {{Commons category|Apidae}} [97] => {{Wikispecies|Apidae}} [98] => * [http://bugguide.net/node/view/3076 BugGuide.Net: Family Apidae—Cuckoo, Carpenter, Digger, Bumble, and Honey Bees; and other bees] . [99] => * [http://bugguide.net/node/view/475348 BugGuide.net: Native Bees of North America] [100] => [101] => {{Hymenoptera|2}} [102] => {{Eusociality}} [103] => [104] => {{Taxonbar|from=Q756082}} [105] => {{Authority control}} [106] => [107] => [[Category:Apidae| ]] [108] => [[Category:Bee families]] [109] => [] => )
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Apidae

Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees. The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including bumblebees and honey bees, but also includes stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, and a number of other less widely known groups.

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