Array ( [0] => {{Short description|Plant species in a given region}} [1] => {{Other uses}} [2] => {{more citations needed|date=August 2009}} [3] => [[File:Flora.png|frame|right|Simplified schematic of an island's flora – all its plant species, highlighted in boxes]] [4] => '''Flora''' ({{plural form}}: '''floras''' or '''florae''') is all the [[plant]] life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring ([[indigenous (ecology)|indigenous]]) [[native plant|native plants.]] The corresponding term for [[animals]] is ''[[fauna]]'', and for [[fungi]], it is ''[[funga]]''.{{Cite journal |last=Kuhar |first=Francisco |last2=Furci |first2=Giuliana |last3=Drechsler-Santos |first3=Elisandro Ricardo |last4=Pfister |first4=Donald H. |date=December 2018 |title=Delimitation of Funga as a valid term for the diversity of fungal communities: the Fauna, Flora & Funga proposal (FF&F) |url=https://imafungus.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/BF03449441 |journal=IMA Fungus |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=A71–A74 |doi=10.1007/BF03449441 |issn=2210-6359|hdl=11336/88035 |hdl-access=free }} Sometimes [[bacteria]] and [[fungi]] are also referred to as flora as in the terms ''[[gut flora]]'' or ''[[skin flora]]''.{{cite web |url=http://webster.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?va=flora |title=flora |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] |access-date=2006-05-03 |archive-date=2006-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430072626/http://webster.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?va=flora |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/bitn/97-007/pdf/bitn97-007.pdf |author1=Clifford E. Starliper |author2=Rita Villella |author3=Patricia Morrison |author4=Jay Mathais |title=Sampling the bacterial flora of freshwater mussels |access-date=2014-01-02 |archive-date=2016-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201051144/http://pubs.usgs.gov/bitn/97-007/pdf/bitn97-007.pdf |url-status=live }}{{cite book|author1=John, D.M. |author2=Whitton, B.A. |author3=Brook, A.J. |year=2002|title=The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles: An Identification Guide to Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521770514|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sc4897dfM_MC}} [5] => [6] => ==Etymology== [7] => The word "flora" comes from the [[Latin]] name of [[Flora (mythology)|Flora]], the [[goddess]] of [[plant]]s, [[flower]]s, and fertility in [[Roman mythology]].{{cite book|last1=Rengel|first1=Kathleen N. Daly; revised by Marian|last2=Daly|first2=Kathleen|title=Greek and Roman mythology, A to Z|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|location=New York|isbn=978-1604134124|edition=3rd}} The technical term "flora" is then derived from a [[metonymy]] of this goddess at the end of the sixteenth century. It was first used in poetry to denote the natural vegetation of an area, but soon also assumed the meaning of a work cataloguing such vegetation. Moreover, "Flora" was used to refer to the flowers of an artificial garden in the seventeenth century.{{Cite journal|last=Berrens|first=Dominik|date=2019-03-21|title=The Meaning of Flora|url=http://humanistica.be/index.php/humanistica/article/view/330|journal=Humanistica Lovaniensia. Journal of Neo-Latin Studies|language=en|volume=68|issue=1|pages=237–249|doi=10.30986/2019.237|issn=2593-3019|doi-access=free|access-date=2019-03-25|archive-date=2021-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524192019/http://humanistica.be/index.php/humanistica/article/view/330|url-status=dead}} [8] => [9] => The distinction between [[vegetation]] (the general appearance of a community) and flora (the taxonomic composition of a community) was first made by [[Jules Thurmann]] (1849). Prior to this, the two terms were used interchangeably.Thurmann, J. (1849). ''Essai de Phytostatique appliqué à la chaîne du Jura et aux contrées voisines.'' Berne: Jent et Gassmann, [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51540#/summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002105310/http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51540#/summary|date=2017-10-02}}.Martins, F. R. & Batalha, M. A. (2011). Formas de vida, espectro biológico de Raunkiaer e fisionomia da vegetação. In: Felfili, J. M., Eisenlohr, P. V.; Fiuza de Melo, M. M. R.; Andrade, L. A.; Meira Neto, J. A. A. (Org.). ''Fitossociologia no Brasil: métodos e estudos de caso.'' Vol. 1. Viçosa: Editora UFV. p. 44-85. [http://files.hisaias.webnode.com/200000112-37f2239e9a/Cap%202.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924062109/http://files.hisaias.webnode.com/200000112-37f2239e9a/Cap%202.pdf|date=2016-09-24}}. Earlier version, 2003, [http://www2.ib.unicamp.br/profs/fsantos/bt682/2003/Apostila-FormasVida-2003.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827014258/http://www2.ib.unicamp.br/profs/fsantos/bt682/2003/Apostila-FormasVida-2003.pdf|date=2016-08-27}}. [10] => [11] => ==Classifications== [12] => [13] => Plants are grouped into floras based on region ([[Phytochorion|floristic regions]]), period, special environment, or climate. Regions can be distinct [[habitat]]s like mountain vs. flatland. Floras can mean plant life of a historic era as in ''fossil flora''. Lastly, floras may be subdivided by special environments: [14] => [15] => *''Native flora''. The native and indigenous flora of an area. [16] => *''Agricultural and horticultural flora (garden flora)''. The plants that are deliberately grown by humans. [17] => *''Weed flora''. Traditionally this classification was applied to plants regarded as undesirable and studied in efforts to control or eradicate them. Today the designation is less often used as a classification of plant life since it includes three different types of plants: [[weed]]y species, [[invasive species]] (that may or may not be weedy), and native and introduced non-weedy species that are agriculturally undesirable. Many native plants previously considered weeds have been shown to be beneficial or even necessary to various [[ecosystem]]s. [18] => [19] => ==Documentation== [20] => [[File:WGSRPD World.svg|thumb|upright=2|The botanical continents of the [[World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions]], used for classifying floras geographically]] [21] => {{Main|Flora (publication)}} [22] => [23] => [[File:Floristic regions in Europe (english).png|thumb|right|Floristic regions in Europe according to Wolfgang Frey and Rainer Lösch]] [24] => [25] => [26] => The flora of a particular area or time period can be documented in a publication also known as a "[[Flora (publication)|flora]]" (often capitalized as "Flora" to distinguish the two meanings when they might be confused). Floras may require specialist botanical knowledge to use with any effectiveness. Traditionally they are [[book]]s, but some are now published on [[CD-ROM]] or [[website]]s. [27] => [28] => [[Simon Paulli]]'s ''Flora Danica'' of 1648 is probably the first book titled "Flora" to refer to the plant world of a certain region. It mainly describes medicinal plants growing in Denmark. The ''[[Flora Sinensis]]'' by the Polish [[Jesuit]] [[Michał Boym]] is another early example of a book titled "Flora".[http://webapps.fundp.ac.be/moretus/flora_sinensis/index_flora_sinensis.html Flora Sinensis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206180105/http://webapps.fundp.ac.be/moretus/flora_sinensis/index_flora_sinensis.html |date=2010-02-06 }} (access to the facsimile of the book, its French translation, and an article about it) However, despite its title it covered not only plants but also some animals of the region, that is China and India. [29] => [30] => A published flora often contains diagnostic keys. Often these are [[identification key|''dichotomous'' keys]], which require the user to examine a plant repeatedly, and decide which one of two alternatives given best applies to the plant. [31] => [32] => ==See also== [33] => * [[Biome]] — a major regional group of distinctive plant and animal communities [34] => * [[Fauna]] [35] => * [[Fauna and Flora Preservation Society]] [36] => * [[Funga]] – a term equivalent to flora for fungi [37] => * [[Herbal]] [38] => * [[Horticultural flora]] [39] => * [[Megaflora]] [40] => * [[Pharmacopoeia]] [41] => * [[The Plant List]] [42] => * [[Vegetation]] — a general term for the plant life of a region [43] => *[[World Flora Online]] [44] => [45] => ; Categories [46] => * [[:Category:Flora by continent|Flora by continent]] [47] => * [[:Category:Flora by country|Flora by country]] [48] => * [[:Category:Flora by ecoregion|Flora by ecoregion]] [49] => * [[:Category:Flora by floristic kingdom|Flora by floristic kingdom]] [50] => [51] => ==References== [52] => {{Reflist}} [53] => [54] => == External links == [55] => {{Commons category|Flora}} [56] => * [http://www.efloras.org/index.aspx ''eFloras'' — a collection of on-line floras] [57] => * [http://www.chilebosque.cl/list.html ''Chilebosque'' — checklist of Chilean native flora] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609211535/http://www.chilebosque.cl/list.html |date=2011-06-09 }} [58] => * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061027145332/http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/flora.php Flora of NW Europe] with descriptions and a quiz to test your knowledge [59] => * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061030013007/http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/index.html Flora of Australia Online] [60] => * [http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz Flora of New Zealand Series Online] [61] => * [https://www.eflorakerala.com/ E-Flora of Kerala by N Sasidharan] [62] => [63] => {{Nature nav}} [64] => {{Botany}} [65] => {{Authority control}} [66] => [67] => [[Category:Flora| ]] [68] => [[Category:Botanical nomenclature]] [69] => [[Category:Ecology terminology]] [70] => [[Category:Habitat]] [71] => [[Category:Organisms]] [] => )
good wiki

Flora

Flora is the term used to collectively refer to plant life in a particular region or period. This term encompasses all the plants, including algae, fungi, and even bacteria, found in a specific area or ecosystem.

More about us

About

This term encompasses all the plants, including algae, fungi, and even bacteria, found in a specific area or ecosystem. Flora plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature, contributing to oxygen production, habitat creation, and supporting various ecological processes. The study of flora, called floristics, helps scientists understand the diversity, distribution, and importance of different plant species. Additionally, floristic regions are used to classify and categorize the plant species found in different parts of the world. The Wikipedia page on Flora provides a comprehensive overview of this topic, detailing its significance, types, research methods, and the various factors that influence the composition of flora in different regions.

Expert Team

Vivamus eget neque lacus. Pellentesque egauris ex.

Award winning agency

Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur elitorceat .

10 Year Exp.

Pellen tesque eget, mauris lorem iupsum neque lacus.

You might be interested in

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that have a wide range of shapes and sizes.

Book

A book is a written or printed work consisting of pages bound together.

Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system.

Flower

A flower is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms).

Fungi

Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that belong to the kingdom Fungi.

Plant

Plants are multicellular organisms that form the kingdom Plantae, which includes a wide variety of species ranging from simple mosses to complex flowering plants.