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The page covers various aspects of IPv4, including its history, design, structure, addressing scheme, and limitations. The page starts with a brief introduction of IPv4 and its importance in the early development of the internet. It then delves into the technical details, explaining how IPv4 uses a 32-bit address space to allocate unique addresses to devices connected to the internet. The addressing system is based on four octets, or groups of eight bits, with each octet represented by a decimal number ranging from 0 to 255. The page also discusses various classes of IPv4 addresses and their allocation methods. Next, the page explores the limitations of IPv4, primarily due to its limited address space. With 32 bits, IPv4 can provide approximately 4. 3 billion unique addresses, which is now considered insufficient with the increasing number of internet-connected devices. This section also discusses network address translation (NAT) and subnetting as mechanisms to extend the usability of IPv4 addresses. Moving forward, the page covers the availability and adoption of IPv4 addresses worldwide, including issues related to their exhaustion. It explains the role of Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) in allocating and managing the distribution of IPv4 addresses to internet service providers (ISPs) and organizations. Furthermore, the page discusses the transition from IPv4 to its successor, IPv6, which offers a significantly larger address space of 128 bits. It highlights the challenges and strategies involved in the migration process, such as dual-stack deployment, tunneling, and translation mechanisms. The IPv4 page concludes with a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of IPv4, its impact on the internet infrastructure, and its continued relevance despite the introduction of IPv6. It also provides links to related topics, such as IPv6, network protocols, and internet governance. Overall, the Wikipedia page on IPv4 serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the fundamentals, features, and implications of this widely used internet protocol.