Array ( [0] => {{Short description|Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense}} [1] => {{about|the US military research agency}} [2] => {{Use American English|date = July 2019}}{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2023}} [3] => {{Infobox government agency [4] => | agency_name = Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [5] => | seal = [6] => | logo = DARPA Logo 2010.png [7] => | image = DARPA_HQ_(52368078715).jpg [8] => | image_caption = Headquarters in [[Ballston, Virginia|Ballston]] in [[Arlington County, Virginia]], 2022 [9] => | formed = {{start date and age|1958|2|7}} (as ARPA) [10] => | preceding1 = Advanced Research Projects Agency [11] => | jurisdiction = [[Federal government of the United States]] [12] => | headquarters = [[Arlington County, Virginia]], U.S. [13] => | employees = 220{{cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/about-darpa |title=About Us|author= |date=n.d. |publisher=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |access-date=September 29, 2019}} [14] => | budget = $3.868 billion (FY2022){{cite web |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/budget |title=Budget |author= |date=n.d. |publisher=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |access-date=May 2, 2023}} [15] => | website = {{URL|www.darpa.mil}} [16] => | parent_department = [[United States Department of Defense]] [17] => | chief1_name = [[Stefanie Tompkins]] [18] => | chief1_position = Director [19] => | chief2_name = [20] => | chief2_position = [21] => | chief3_name = [22] => | chief3_position = [23] => | chief4_name = [24] => | chief4_position = [25] => | chief5_name = [26] => | chief5_position = [27] => | chief6_name = [28] => | chief6_position = [29] => | chief7_name = [30] => | chief7_position = [31] => | chief8_name = [32] => | chief8_position = [33] => | chief9_name = [34] => | chief9_position = [35] => }} [36] => [37] => The '''Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency''' ('''DARPA''') is a [[research and development]] agency of the [[United States Department of Defense]] responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Michael Aaron |date=December 23, 2022 |title=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency {{!}} United States government |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Defense-Advanced-Research-Projects-Agency |access-date=January 5, 2023 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |title=About DARPA |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/about-darpa |access-date=June 26, 2021 |website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |language=en-US}} [38] => [39] => Originally known as the '''Advanced Research Projects Agency''' ('''ARPA'''), the agency was created on February 7, 1958, by President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] in response to the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] launching of [[Sputnik 1]] in 1957. By collaborating with academia, industry, and government partners, DARPA formulates and executes research and development projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science, often beyond immediate [[U.S. military]] requirements.Dwight D. Eisenhower and Science & Technology, (2008). Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission, [https://web.archive.org/web/20101027163454/http://eisenhowermemorial.org/onepage/IKE%20%26%20Science.Oct08.EN.FINAL%20%28v2%29.pdf Source]. [40] => [41] => ''[[The Economist]]'' has called DARPA the agency that shaped the modern world, with technologies like "[[weather satellite]]s, [[Global Positioning System|GPS]], [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]], [[stealth technology]], [[Voice user interface|voice interfaces]], the [[personal computer]] and the [[internet]] on the list of innovations for which DARPA can claim at least partial credit."{{cite news |title=A growing number of governments hope to clone America's DARPA |newspaper=The Economist |date=5 June 2021 |volume=439 |issue=9248 |pages=67–68 |url=https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2021/06/03/a-growing-number-of-governments-hope-to-clone-americas-darpa |access-date=20 June 2021}} Its track record of success has inspired governments around the world to launch similar research and development agencies. [42] => [43] => DARPA is independent of other military research and development and reports directly to senior Department of Defense management. DARPA comprises approximately 220 government employees in six technical offices, including nearly 100 program managers, who together oversee about 250 research and development programs.{{Cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/about-darpa|title=About DARPA |publisher=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-11}} [44] => [45] => The name of the organization first changed from its founding name, ARPA, to DARPA, in March 1972, changing back to ARPA in February 1993, then reverted to DARPA in March 1996.{{Cite web |url=http://mil-embedded.com/guest-blogs/arpa-darpa-and-jason/|title=ARPA, DARPA, and Jason |publisher=Military Embedded Systems |language=en |access-date=2018-04-17}} [46] => [47] => The agency's current director, appointed in March 2021, is [[Stefanie Tompkins]].{{cite web|title=Stefanie Tompkins Appointed 23rd DARPA Director|date=2021-03-15|access-date=2021-03-18|website=DARPA|language=en-US|url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2021-03-15}} [48] => [49] => ==Mission== [50] => {{as of|2021}}, their mission statement is "to make pivotal investments in breakthrough technologies for national security".{{cite web |url=http://www.darpa.mil/about-us/mission |title=DARPA Mission |website=darpa.mil |language=en-US |access-date=2021-06-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430171501/http://www.darpa.mil/about-us/mission |archive-date=2017-04-30 }} [51] => [52] => ==History== [53] => [[File:DARPA through 50 years.ogv|thumb|right|DARPA achievements for the past 50 years]] [54] => [55] => ===Early history (1958–1969)=== [56] => [[File:DARPA headquarters.jpg|thumb|DARPA's former headquarters in the [[Virginia Square, Arlington, Virginia|Virginia Square]] neighborhood of Arlington. The agency is currently located in a new building at 675 North Randolph St.]]The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was suggested by the [[President's Scientific Advisory Committee]] to President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] in a meeting called after the launch of Sputnik.{{cite web |last1=Bethe |first1=Hans |title=Interview with Hans Bethe |url=https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/research/oral-histories/oral-history-transcripts/bethe-hans.pdf |website=Eisenhower Library |access-date=18 February 2024}} ARPA was formally authorized by President Eisenhower in 1958 for the purpose of forming and executing research and development projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science, and able to reach far beyond immediate military requirements. The two relevant acts are the Supplemental Military Construction Authorization ([[United States Department of the Air Force|Air Force]]){{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N-IPAAAAIAAJ |title = Fiscal Year 1958 Supplemental Military Construction Authorization (Air Force): Hearings, Eighty-fifth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 9739 |date=1958|last1 = Subcommittee On Military Construction |first1 = United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services }} (Public Law 85-325) and Department of Defense Directive 5105.15, in February 1958. It was placed within the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and counted approximately 150 people.{{cite mailing list| url=https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/irtf-discuss/I7gRirVOb4QX2sgBUDvcDfCJHUY/| author=Steve Crocker| date=15 March 2022| title=[Internet Policy] Why the World Must Resist Calls to Undermine the Internet| mailing-list=IETF-Discussion| quote=I was at (D)ARPA from mid 1971 to mid 1974}} Its creation was directly attributed to the launching of [[Sputnik]] and to U.S. realization that the [[Soviet Union]] had developed the capacity to rapidly exploit military technology. Initial funding of ARPA was $520 million."$ 520 million appropriation and a $ 2 billion budget plan." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). ''Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet'' (p. 20). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. ARPA's first director, Roy Johnson, left a $160,000 management job at General Electric for an $18,000 job at ARPA."Roy Johnson, ARPA's first director, was, like his boss, a businessman. At age fifty-two, he had been personally recruited by McElroy, who convinced him to leave a $160,000 job with General Electric and take an $18,000 job in Washington." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). ''Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet'' (p. 21). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. [[Herbert York]] from [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] was hired as his scientific assistant."Herbert York, whom Killian had been keen on, was given the job and moved to ARPA from the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). ''Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet'' (p. 21). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. [57] => [58] => Johnson and York were both keen on space projects, but when [[NASA]] was established later in 1958 all space projects and most of ARPA's funding were transferred to it. Johnson resigned and ARPA was repurposed to do "high-risk", "high-gain", "far out" basic research, a posture that was enthusiastically embraced by the nation's scientists and research universities."The staff of ARPA saw an opportunity to redefine the agency as a group that would take on the really advanced "far-out" research....The scientific community, predictably, rallied to the call for a reinvention of ARPA as a "high-risk high-gain" research sponsor— the kind of R& D shop they had dreamed of all along" Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). ''Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet'' (pp. 21,22). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. ARPA's second director was Brigadier General Austin W. Betts, who resigned in early 1961 and was succeeded by [[Jack Ruina]] who served until 1963."In early 1961 ARPA's second director, Brigadier General Austin W. Betts, resigned" Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). ''Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet'' (pp. 23,24) Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. Ruina, the first scientist to administer ARPA, managed to raise its budget to $250 million."Ruina raised ARPA's annual budget to $ 250 million." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). ''Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet'' (p. 23). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. It was Ruina who hired [[J. C. R. Licklider]] as the first administrator of the [[Information Processing Techniques Office]], which played a vital role in creation of [[ARPANET]], the basis for the future Internet."J. C. R. Licklider." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). ''Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet'' (pp. 27–39). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition. [59] => [60] => Additionally, the political and defense communities recognized the need for a high-level Department of Defense organization to formulate and execute R&D projects that would expand the frontiers of technology beyond the immediate and specific requirements of the Military Services and their laboratories. In pursuit of this mission, DARPA has developed and transferred technology programs encompassing a wide range of scientific disciplines that address the full spectrum of national security needs. [61] => [62] => From 1958 to 1965, ARPA's emphasis centered on major national issues, including space, [[ballistic missile defense]], and [[nuclear test]] detection.projects in ballistic missile defense and nuclear test detection, couched in terms of basic research, were the top priorities." Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). ''Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet'' (p. 23). Simon & Schuster. Kindle edition. During 1960, all of its civilian space programs were transferred to the [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] ([[NASA]]) and the military space programs to the individual services.{{Cite web|title=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency {{!}} United States government|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Defense-Advanced-Research-Projects-Agency|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}} [63] => [64] => This allowed ARPA to concentrate its efforts on the Project Defender (defense against ballistic missiles), [[Project Vela]] (nuclear test detection), and [[Project AGILE]] ([[counterinsurgency]] R&D) programs, and to begin work on computer processing, [[behavioral sciences]], and materials sciences. The DEFENDER and AGILE programs formed the foundation of DARPA sensor, [[surveillance]], and directed energy R&D, particularly in the study of [[radar]], [[infrared]] sensing, and [[x-ray]]/[[gamma ray]] detection. [65] => [66] => ARPA at this point (1959) played an early role in [[Transit (satellite)|Transit]] (also called NavSat) a predecessor to the [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS).{{cite book | title=Transit to Tomorrow. Fifty Years of Space Research at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory | author1=Helen E. Worth | author2=Mame Warren | year=2009 | url=http://space50.jhuapl.edu/pdfs/book.pdf | access-date=2013-03-03 | archive-date=2020-12-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226045330/http://space50.jhuapl.edu/pdfs/book.pdf | url-status=dead }} "Fast-forward to 1959 when a joint effort between DARPA and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory began to fine-tune the early explorers' discoveries. TRANSIT, sponsored by the Navy and developed under the leadership of Richard Kirschner at Johns Hopkins, was the first satellite positioning system."{{cite web|url=http://www.darpa.mil/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2565 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629003311/http://www.darpa.mil/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2565 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-06-29 |title=The Story of GPS |author=Catherine Alexandrow |date=Apr 2008 }}{{cite book|url=http://www.darpa.mil/about/history/first_50_years.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506103713/http://www.darpa.mil/About/History/First_50_Years.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-05-06 |title=DARPA: 50 Years of Bridging the Gap |date=Apr 2008 }} [67] => [68] => During the late 1960s, with the transfer of these mature programs to the Services, ARPA redefined its role and concentrated on a diverse set of relatively small, essentially exploratory research programs. The agency was renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in 1972, and during the early 1970s, it emphasized direct energy programs, information processing, and tactical technologies.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}} [69] => [70] => Concerning information processing, DARPA made great progress, initially through its support of the development of [[time-sharing]]. All modern operating systems rely on concepts invented for the [[Multics]] system, developed by a cooperation among [[Bell Labs]], [[General Electric]] and [[MIT]], which DARPA supported by funding [[Project MAC]] at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] with an initial two-million-dollar grant.{{cite web|url=http://mit.edu/6.933/www/Fall2001/AILab.pdf |author1=Stefanie Chiou |author2=Craig Music |author3=Kara Sprague |author4=Rebekah Wahba |date=5 Dec 2001 |title=A Marriage of Convenience: The Founding of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514101306/http://mit.edu/6.933/www/Fall2001/AILab.pdf |archive-date=2011-05-14 }} [71] => [72] => DARPA supported the evolution of the [[ARPANET]] (the first wide-area packet switching network), Packet Radio Network, Packet Satellite Network and ultimately, the [[Internet]] and research in the [[artificial intelligence]] fields of speech recognition and signal processing, including parts of [[Shakey the robot]].{{cite web |url=http://ghn.ieee.org/wiki/index.php/Oral-History:Bertram_Raphael |title=Oral History: Bertram Raphael |work=IEEE Global History Network |publisher=[[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] |access-date=2012-02-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516195054/http://ghn.ieee.org/wiki/index.php/Oral-History%3ABertram_Raphael |archive-date=2013-05-16 }} DARPA also supported the early development of both [[hypertext]] and [[hypermedia]]. DARPA funded one of the first two hypertext systems, [[Douglas Engelbart]]'s [[NLS (computer system)|NLS]] computer system, as well as [[The Mother of All Demos]]. DARPA later funded the development of the [[Aspen Movie Map]], which is generally seen as the first hypermedia system and an important precursor of [[virtual reality]]. [73] => [74] => ===Later history (1970–1980)=== [75] => The [[Mike Mansfield#Mansfield Amendments|Mansfield Amendment]] of 1973 expressly limited appropriations for defense research (through ARPA/DARPA) only to projects with direct military application. [76] => [77] => The resulting "[[Human capital flight|brain drain]]" is credited with boosting the development of the fledgling personal computer industry. Some young computer scientists left the universities to startups and private research laboratories such as [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]. [78] => [79] => Between 1976 and 1981, DARPA's major projects were dominated by air, land, sea, and space technology, tactical armor and anti-armor programs, infrared sensing for space-based surveillance, high-energy laser technology for space-based missile defense, antisubmarine warfare, advanced cruise missiles, advanced aircraft, and defense applications of advanced computing. [80] => [81] => Many of the successful programs were transitioned to the Services, such as the foundation technologies in [[automatic target recognition]], space-based sensing, propulsion, and materials that were transferred to the [[Strategic Defense Initiative|Strategic Defense Initiative Organization]] (SDIO), later known as the [[Ballistic Missile Defense Organization]] (BMDO), now titled the [[Missile Defense Agency]] (MDA). [82] => [83] => ===Recent history (1981–present)=== [84] => During the 1980s, the attention of the Agency was centered on information processing and aircraft-related programs, including the [[Rockwell X-30|National Aerospace Plane (NASP)]] or Hypersonic Research Program. The Strategic Computing Program enabled DARPA to exploit advanced processing and networking technologies and to rebuild and strengthen relationships with universities after the [[Vietnam War]]. In addition, DARPA began to pursue new concepts for small, lightweight satellites ([[LIGHTSAT (DARPA)|LIGHTSAT]]) and directed new programs regarding defense manufacturing, submarine technology, and armor/anti-armor. [85] => [86] => In 1981, two engineers, Robert McGhee and Kenneth Waldron, started to develop the Adaptive Suspension Vehicle (ASV) nicknamed the "Walker" at the [[Ohio State University]], under a research contract from DARPA.{{cite journal |author1=Kenneth J. Waldron |author2=Vincent J. Vohnout |author3=Arrie Pery |author4=Robert B. McGhee |title=Configuration Design of the Adaptive Suspension Vehicle |journal=The International Journal of Robotics Research |date=1 June 1984 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=37–48 |doi=10.1177/027836498400300204 |s2cid=110409452 }} The vehicle was 17 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 10.5 feet high, and had six legs to support its three-ton aluminum body, in which it was designed to carry cargo over difficult terrains. However, DARPA lost interest in the ASV, after problems with cold-weather tests.{{cite web |url=https://library.osu.edu/site/archives/2012/11/30/not-so-long-ago-in-an-osu-engineering-lab-nearby/ |title=Not so long ago, in an OSU engineering lab nearby… |website=The Ohio State University |date=30 November 2012 }} [87] => [88] => On February 4, 2004, the agency shut down its so called "LifeLog Project". The project's aim would have been, "to gather in a single place just about everything an individual says, sees or does".{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2004/02/pentagon-kills-lifelog-project/|title=Pentagon Kills LifeLog Project|first=Wired|last=Staff|magazine=Wired|date=2004-02-04|access-date=2019-03-06}} [89] => [90] => On October 28, 2009, the agency broke ground on a new facility in [[Arlington County, Virginia]] a few miles from [[The Pentagon]].''[[The Washington Times]]'', "Pentagon Agency Breaks Ground", October 29, 2009. [91] => [92] => In fall 2011, DARPA hosted the [[100 Year Starship|100-Year Starship]] Symposium with the aim of getting the public to start thinking seriously about interstellar travel.{{cite news|url=http://cleantechnica.com/2012/01/28/fmoon-colony-newt-darpa-has-100-year-starship/|title=Forget the Moon Colony, Newt: DARPA Aims for 100 Year Starship|first=Tina|last=Casey|website=[[CleanTechnica]]|date=2012-01-28|access-date=2012-08-25}} [93] => [94] => On June 5, 2016, [[NASA]] and DARPA announced that it planned to build new [[List of X-planes|X-planes]] with [[NASA]]'s plan setting to create a whole series of X planes over the next 10 years.{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/nasa-darpa-reveal-radical-future-160000121.html |title=NASA and DARPA plan to release new X-Planes |last=Grady |first=Mary |date=June 5, 2016 |website=[[Yahoo Tech]] |access-date=June 8, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611120846/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/nasa-darpa-reveal-radical-future-160000121.html |archive-date=June 11, 2016 }} [95] => [96] => Between 2014 and 2016, DARPA shepherded the first [[Intelligent agent|machine-to-machine]] computer security competition, the [[Cyber Grand Challenge]] (CGC), [97] => bringing a group of top-notch computer security experts to search for security [[Vulnerability (computing)|vulnerabilities]], [[Exploit (computer security)|exploit]] them, and create fixes that patch those vulnerabilities in a fully automated fashion.{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/tech/darpa-grand-cyber-challenge-hacking-000000417.html |title=Darpa to create Cyber Grand Challenge to fight security vulnerabilities |last=Howley |first=Daniel |date=17 July 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718190614/https://www.yahoo.com/tech/darpa-grand-cyber-challenge-hacking-000000417.html |archive-date=18 July 2016 }}{{cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/cyber-grand-challenge|title=Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC)|publisher=DARPA|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610210818/https://www.darpa.mil/program/cyber-grand-challenge|archive-date=10 June 2019|url-status=dead}} It is one of [[DARPA Prize Competitions|DARPA prize competitions]] to spur innovations. [98] => [99] => In June 2018, DARPA leaders demonstrated a number of new technologies that were developed within the framework of the [[DARPA GXV-T|GXV-T]] program. The goal of this program is to create a lightly armored combat vehicle of not very large dimensions, which, due to maneuverability and other tricks, can successfully resist modern [[anti-tank weapon]] systems.[https://newatlas.com/darpa-gxv-t-demonstration-military-vehicle-technology/55198/ "DARPA demonstrates 6 new technologies behind the agile combat vehicles of tomorrow"] New Atlas, June 26, 2018 [100] => [101] => In September 2020, DARPA and the [[United States Department of the Air Force|US Air Force]] announced that the [[Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept]] (HAWC) are ready for free-flight tests within the next year.{{cite web |author=David Szondy |url=https://newatlas.com/military/darpa-us-air-force-hypersonic-weapon-captive-carry-flight-test/ |title=DARPA/US Air Force hypersonic air-breathing weapon ready for free flight |website=New Atlas |date=8 September 2020 }} [102] => [103] => [[Victoria Coleman]] became the director of DARPA in November 2020.{{cite web |last1=Cohen |first1=Rachel S. |title=Meet New DARPA Director Victoria Coleman |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/meet-new-darpa-director-victoria-coleman/ |website=Air Force Magazine |access-date=21 November 2020 |date=20 November 2020}} [104] => [105] => In recent years, DARPA officials have contracted out core functions to corporations. For example, during fiscal year 2020, Chenega ran physical security on DARPA's premises,{{Cite web|title=Contracts for September 30, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2367105//|access-date=2021-02-06|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} System High Corp. carried out program security,{{Cite web|title=Contracts for March 10, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2107920//|access-date=2021-02-06|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} and Agile Defense ran unclassified IT services.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for June 2, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2205772//|access-date=2021-02-06|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} General Dynamics runs classified IT services.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for October 22, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2391498//|access-date=2021-02-06|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} Strategic Analysis Inc. provided support services regarding engineering, science, mathematics, and front office and administrative work.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for September 17, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2352082//|access-date=2021-02-06|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [106] => [107] => [108] => File:01 The Formative Years 1958 - 1975 (DARPA history).ogv|The formative years
(1958–1975) [109] => File:02 - The Cold War Era 1975 - 1989 (DARPA history).ogv|The Cold War era
(1975–1989) [110] => File:03 - The Post-Soviet Years 1989 - Present 2008 (DARPA history).ogv|The Post-Soviet years
(1989–present) [111] => [112] => [113] => ==Organization== [114] => [115] => ===Current program offices=== [116] => DARPA has six technical offices that manage the agency's research portfolio, and two additional offices that manage special projects.{{Cite web |title=DARPA Offices |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=DARPA.mil}}{{Cite web |title=Special Projects and Technology Transition |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices/special-projects-technology-transition |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=DARPA.mil}} All offices report to the DARPA director, including: [117] => * The [[Aerospace Projects Office|Aerospace Projects Office (APO)]] DARPA launched the Aerospace Projects Office (APO) in 2015 in response to a new Defense Department initiative, the Aerospace Innovation Initiative (AII), which aims to ensure that the United States can maintain air dominance in future contested environments. The AII includes a new program, AII-X, tasked with designing and demonstrating advanced aircraft technologies. The AII-X program is being led by DARPA, and the APO is its home.[https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices/apo/ Aerospace Projects Office] DARPA.mil Retrieved May 5, 2023 [118] => * The [[Adaptive Capabilities Office|Adaptive Capabilities Offices (ACO)]] The Adaptive Capabilities Office (ACO), works in close partnership with the military services to focus on pathways to address critical national security challenges. ACO is defining architectural solutions that combine emerging technologies with new warfighting constructs to address challenges in contested environments. These architectures will be vetted with a combination of modeling and simulation and a robust campaign of experimentation in order to realize new doctrine, concepts of operations, and technologies that will enable joint, highly integrated capability sets.[https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/adaptive-capabilities-office/ Adaptive Capabilities Office] DARPA.mil Retrieved May 5, 2023 [119] => * The [[Defense Sciences Office|Defense Sciences Office (DSO)]]: DSO identifies and pursues high-risk, high-payoff research initiatives across a broad spectrum of science and engineering disciplines and transforms them into important, new game-changing technologies for U.S. national security. Current DSO themes include novel materials and structures, sensing and measurement, computation and processing, enabling operations, collective intelligence, and global change.{{Cite web |title=Defense Sciences Office (DSO) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices/dso |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}}{{cite web|url=http://www.darpa.mil/DSO/ |title=DARPA/DSO Home Page |date=2 December 1998 |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981202153000/http://www.darpa.mil/DSO/ |archive-date=2 December 1998 }} [120] => * The [[Information Innovation Office|Information Innovation Office (I2O)]] aims to ensure U.S. technological superiority in all areas where information can provide a decisive military advantage. Some of the program managers in I2O are Stuart Wagner (as of September 2014), Steve Jameson (as of August 2014), Angelos Keromytis (as of July 2014), David Doermann (as of April 2014), and Brian Pierce (prior to September 2018). As of August 2021, William Scherlis is currently the office director.{{Cite web|title=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency|url=https://www.darpa.mil/staff/dr-william-scherlis|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-16|website=www.darpa.mil|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205132546/https://www.darpa.mil/staff/dr-william-scherlis |archive-date=2019-12-05 }} [121] => * The [[Microsystems Technology Office|Microsystems Technology Office (MTO)]] core mission is the development of high-performance, intelligent microsystems and next-generation components to ensure U.S. dominance in Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR), Electronic Warfare (EW), and Directed Energy (DE). The effectiveness, survivability, and lethality of systems that relate to these applications depend critically on microsystems and components.{{Cite web |title=Microsystems Technology Office (MTO) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices/mto |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=DARPA.mil}} [122] => * The [[Strategic Technology Office (DARPA)|Strategic Technology Office (STO)]] mission is to focus on technologies that have a global theater-wide impact and that involve multiple Services.{{cite web |url=http://www.darpa.mil/offices.html |title=DARPA | Offices |access-date=2009-11-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015051855/http://www.darpa.mil/offices.html |archive-date=2009-10-15 }} DARPA Offices. Retrieved 2009-11-08. [123] => * The [[Tactical Technology Office (DARPA)|Tactical Technology Office (TTO)]] engages in high-risk, high-payoff advanced military research, emphasizing the "system" and "subsystem" approach to the development of aeronautic, space, and land systems as well as embedded processors and control systems [124] => * The [[Biological Technologies Office (DARPA)|Biological Technologies Office (BTO)]] fosters, demonstrates, and transitions breakthrough fundamental research, discoveries, and applications that integrate biology, engineering, and computer science for national security. Created in April 2014 by then director [[Arati Prabhakar]], taking programs from the MTO and DSO offices.{{cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2014-04-01|title=DARPA Launches Biological Technologies Office |date=1 April 2014 |website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}} [125] => [126] => ===Former offices=== [127] => * The [[Adaptive Execution Office|Adaptive Execution Office (AEO)]] was created in 2009 by the DARPA Director, [[Regina Dugan]]. The office's four project areas included technology transition, assessment, rapid [[productivity]] and [[adaptive system]]s. AEO provided the agency with robust connections to the warfighter community and assisted the agency with the planning and execution of technology demonstrations and field trials to promote adoption by the warfighter, accelerating the transition of new technologies into DoD capabilities. [128] => * [[Information Awareness Office]]: 2002–2003 [129] => * The [[Advanced Technology Office (DARPA)|Advanced Technology Office (ATO)]] researched, demonstrated, and developed high payoff projects in maritime, communications, special operations, command and control, and information assurance and survivability mission areas.[https://www.militaryaerospace.com/communications/article/16709225/darpa-looks-to-ultrawideband-technology-for-advanced-tactical-networking/ DARPA looks to ultra-wideband technology for advanced tactical networking] [130] => militaryaerospace.com. May 1, 2003 [131] => * The [[Special Projects Office (DARPA)|Special Projects Office (SPO)]] researched, developed, demonstrated, and transitioned technologies focused on addressing present and emerging national challenges. SPO investments ranged from the development of enabling technologies to the demonstration of large prototype systems. SPO developed technologies to counter the emerging threat of underground facilities used for purposes ranging from command-and-control, to weapons storage and staging, to the manufacture of weapons of mass destruction. SPO developed significantly more cost-effective ways to counter proliferated, inexpensive cruise missiles, UAVs, and other platforms used for weapon delivery, jamming, and surveillance. SPO invested in novel space technologies across the spectrum of space control applications including rapid access, space situational awareness, counterspace, and persistent tactical grade sensing approaches including extremely large space apertures and structures. [132] => * The Office of Special Development (OSD) in the 1960s developed a real-time [[remote sensing]], monitoring, and predictive activity system on trails used by insurgents in Laos, Cambodia, and the Republic of Vietnam. This was done from an office in Bangkok, Thailand, that was ostensibly established to catalog and support the Thai fishing fleet, of which two volumes were published. This is a personal recollection without a published citation. A report on the ARPA group under which OSD operated is found here.{{cite web |last1=Joanne |first1=Sandstrom |title=The United States and Thailand |url=https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ieas/IEAS_12_0002.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722140418/https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ieas/IEAS_12_0002.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-22 |url-status=live |website=digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/ |publisher=Berkeley.edu |access-date=22 July 2021}} [133] => A 1991 reorganization created several offices which existed throughout the early 1990s:{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6712/is_n27_v171/ai_n28601257/ | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708012812/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6712/is_n27_v171/ai_n28601257/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-07-08 | work=Defense Daily | title=DARPA restructures/creates new offices | year=1991}} [134] => * The [[Electronic Systems Technology Office]] combined areas of the Defense Sciences Office and the Defense Manufacturing Office. This new office will focus on the boundary between general-purpose computers and the physical world, such as sensors, displays and the first few layers of specialized signal-processing that couple these modules to standard computer interfaces. [135] => * The [[Software and Intelligent Systems Technology Office]] and the [[Computing Systems office]] will have responsibility associated with the Presidential High-Performance Computing Initiative. The Software office will also be responsible for "software systems technology, [[machine intelligence]] and software engineering." [136] => * The [[Land Systems Office]] was created to develop advanced land vehicle and anti-armor systems, once the domain of the Tactical Technology Office. [137] => * The [[Undersea Warfare Office]] combined areas of the Advanced Vehicle Systems and Tactical Technology offices to develop and demonstrate submarine stealth and counter-stealth and automation. [138] => [139] => A 2010 reorganization merged two offices: [140] => * The [[Transformational Convergence Technology Office (DARPA)|Transformational Convergence Technology Office (TCTO)]] mission was to advance new crosscutting capabilities derived from a broad range of emerging technological and social trends, particularly in areas related to computing and computing-reliant subareas of the life sciences, social sciences, manufacturing, and commerce. The TCTO was folded into the I2O in 2010.{{cite web |url=http://www.hpcwire.com/2010/09/22/embedded_clouds_a_look_back_at_hpec_2010/ |title=Embedded Clouds: A Look Back at HPEC 2010 |work=HPCwire |access-date=7 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707185535/http://www.hpcwire.com/2010/09/22/embedded_clouds_a_look_back_at_hpec_2010/ |archive-date=7 July 2015 |date=2010-09-22 }} [141] => * The [[Information Processing Techniques Office|Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO)]] focused on inventing the networking, computing, and software technologies vital to ensuring DOD military superiority. The IPTO was combined with TCTO in 2010 to form the I2O.{{cite web|url=http://schedule.sxsw.com/2014/events/event_IAP28839 |title=Schedule – sxsw.com |work=SXSW Schedule 2014 |access-date=7 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909201234/http://schedule.sxsw.com/2014/events/event_IAP28839 |archive-date=9 September 2015 }} [142] => [143] => ==Projects== [144] => A list of DARPA's active and archived projects is available on the agency's website. Because of the agency's fast pace, programs constantly start and stop based on the needs of the U.S. government. Structured information about some of the DARPA's contracts and projects is publicly available.{{Cite journal |last1=Klabukov |first1=Ilya |last2=Alekhin |first2=Maksim |last3=Yakovets |first3=Andrey |date=2017 |title=DARPA SETA Support FY2010 / FY2015 Database |url=https://figshare.com/articles/SETA_Support_DARPA_FY2010_FY2015_Data_Base/4759186/2 |journal=Figshare |language=en-US |doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.4759186.v2}} [145] => [146] => DARPA publishes [https://www.darpa.mil/our-research a list of current research programs], and [https://www.darpa.mil/archive/our-research a list of archived programs].{{Cite web |title=Our Research |url=https://www.darpa.mil/our-research |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=DARPA.mil}} [147] => [148] => ===Active projects=== [149] => {{Multiple issues|section=yes| [150] => {{Update|section|date=April 2016}} [151] => {{Update|section|inaccurate=yes|date=March 2017}} [152] => }} [153] => [154] => * AdvaNced airCraft Infrastructure-Less Launch And RecoverY X-Plane (ANCILLARY) (2022): The program is to develop and demonstrate a vertical takeoff and landing ([[VTOL]]) plane that can launch without the supporting infrastructure, with low-weight, high-payload, and long-endurance capabilities.{{Cite web |title=DARPA Seeks Leap-Ahead Capabilities for Vertical Takeoff and Landing X-Plane |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2022-09-07 |access-date=June 25, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} In June 2023, DARPA selected nine companies to produce initial operational system and demonstration system conceptual designs for an uncrewed aerial system (UAS).{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=John |date=2023-06-23 |title=DARPA selects teams to propose VTOL UAS designs with no infrastructure |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/darpa-selects-teams-to-propose-vtol-uas-designs-that-need-no-infrastructure/ |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}} [155] => * [https://aicyberchallenge.com/ AI Cyber Challenge] (AIxCC) (2023): It is a two-year competition to identify and fix software vulnerabilities using AI in partnership with Anthropic, Google, Microsoft, and OpenAI which will provide their expertise and their platforms for this competition.{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2023 |title=White House Press Release: Biden-⁠Harris Administration Launches Artificial Intelligence Cyber Challenge to Protect America's Critical Software |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/08/09/biden-harris-administration-launches-artificial-intelligence-cyber-challenge-to-protect-americas-critical-software/ |access-date=August 10, 2023 |website=The White House}}{{Cite web |date=2023-08-09 |title=DARPA competition will use AI to find, fix software vulnerabilities |url=https://federalnewsnetwork.com/artificial-intelligence/2023/08/darpa-competition-will-use-ai-to-find-fix-software-vulnerabilities/ |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=Federal News Network |language=en-US}} There will be a semifinal phase and the final phase. Both competitions will be held at [[DEF CON]] in Las Vegas in 2024 and 2025, respectively.{{Cite press release |last=OpenSSF |title=OpenSSF to Support DARPA on New AI Cyber Challenge (AIxCC) |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/openssf-to-support-darpa-on-new-ai-cyber-challenge-aixcc-301896959.html |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}} [156] => * Air Combat Evolution (ACE) (2019): The goal of ACE is to automate air-to-air combat, enabling reaction times at machine speeds.{{Cite web |last=Warwick |first=Graham |date=March 10, 2020 |title=DARPA’s ACE Wants To Automate Dogfighting To Empower AI |url=https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/aircraft-propulsion/darpas-ace-wants-automate-dogfighting-empower-ai |access-date=April 20, 2024 |website=Aviation Week}} By using human-machine collaborative dogfighting as its challenge problem, ACE seeks to increase trust in combat autonomy.{{Cite web |title=Air Combat Evolution (ACE) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/air-combat-evolution |access-date=April 20, 2024 |website=darpa.mil}}{{Cite web |last=Keller |first=John |date=February 23, 2022 |title=DARPA to outfit F-16D jet fighter with artificial intelligence (AI) to boost trust in AI as a human partner |url=https://www.militaryaerospace.com/computers/article/14234351/artificial-intelligence-ai-dogfighting-trust |access-date=April 20, 2024 |website=militaryaerospace.com}} Eight teams from academia and industry were selected in October 2019. In April 2024, DARPA and U.S. Air Force announced that ACE conducted the first-ever in-air dogfighting tests of AI algorithms autonomously flying an F-16 against a human-piloted F-16.{{Cite web |last=Henderson |first=Cameron |date=April 18, 2024 |title=History made as US military conducts first ever human vs AI dogfight |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/news/2024/04/18/us-military-conducts-first-ever-human-vs-ai-dogfight/ |access-date=April 20, 2024 |website=The Telegraph}}{{Cite web |last=Revell |first=Eric |date=April 19, 2024 |title=Air Force confirms first successful AI dogfight |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/us-air-force-confirms-first-successful-ai-dogfight |access-date=April 20, 2024 |website=Fox Business}} [157] => * [[Air Space Total Awareness for Rapid Tactical Execution]] (ASTARTE) (2020): The program is conducted in partnership with the Army and Air Force on sensors, artificial intelligence algorithms, and virtual testing environments in order to create an understandable common operating picture when troops are spread out across battlefields{{Cite web|title=Contracts for December 29, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2458827//|access-date=2021-01-28|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=April 7, 2020 |title=Real-time Airspace Awareness and De-confliction for Future Battles |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2020-04-07 |access-date=May 14, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [158] => *Atmospheric Water Extraction (AWE) program{{Cite web|title=Contracts for November 18, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2420033//|access-date=2021-01-25|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [159] => * [[Biomanufacturing: Survival, Utility, and Reliability beyond Earth (B-SURE)]] (2021): This program aims to address foundational scientific questions to determine how well industrial bio-manufacturing microorganisms perform in space conditions.{{Cite web |title=B-SURE Teams Ready to Blast Off! |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2023-03-14a |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [[International Space Station]] (ISS) announced in April 2023 that Rhodium-DARPA Biomanufacturing 01 investigation was launched on SpaceX, and ISS crew members are carrying out this project which examines gravity's effect on production of drugs and nutrients from bacteria and yeast.{{Cite web |title=Rhodium Scientific to Test the Concept of Biomanufacturing in Space |url=https://www.issnationallab.org/spxcrs27-rhodium-scientific-darpa/ |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=ISS National Laboratory|date=6 April 2023 }} [160] => * [[Big mechanism|Big Mechanism]]: Cancer research. (2015){{Cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.347.6221.465| title = DARPA sets out to automate research| journal = Science| volume = 347| issue = 6221| page = 465| year = 2015| last1 = You | first1 = J.| pmid=25635066| bibcode = 2015Sci...347..465Y}} The program aims to develop technology to read research abstracts and papers to extract pieces of causal mechanisms, assemble these pieces into more complete causal models, and reason over these models to produce explanations. The domain of the program is cancer biology with an emphasis on signaling pathways. It has a successor program called [[World Modelers]].{{Cite web |title=DARPA 1958-2018 |url=https://www.darpa.mil/attachments/DARAPA60_publication-no-ads.pdf |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}}{{Cite web |title=Big Mechanism |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/big-mechanism |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}}{{Cite web |title=World Modelers |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/world-modelers |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [161] => *Binary structure inference system: extract software properties from binary code to support repository-based reverse engineering for micro-patching that minimizes lifecycle maintenance and costs (2020).{{Cite web|title=Contracts for July 1, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2244841//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [162] => * [[Blackjack (satellite)|Blackjack]] (2017): a program to develop and test military [[satellite constellation]] technologies with a variety of "military-unique sensors and payloads [attached to] commercial [[satellite bus]]es. ...as an 'architecture demonstration intending to show the high military utility of global [[Low Earth orbit|LEO]] constellations and mesh networks of lower size, weight, and cost spacecraft nodes.' ... The idea is to demonstrate that 'good enough' payloads in LEO can perform military missions, augment existing programs, and potentially perform 'on par or better than currently deployed exquisite space systems.{{'}}"[https://spacenews.com/darpa-to-begin-new-effort-to-build-military-constellations-in-low-earth-orbit/ DARPA to begin new effort to build military constellations in low Earth orbit], [[SpaceNews]], 31 May 2018, accessed 22 August 2018. Blue Canyon Technologies,{{Cite web|title=Contracts for June 10, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2215443//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} Raytheon,{{Cite web|title=Contracts for June 12, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2218996//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} and SA Photonics Inc.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for June 9, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2213629//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} were working on phases 2 and 3 as of fiscal year 2020. On June 12, 2023 DARPA launched four satellites for a technology demonstration in low Earth orbit on the SpaceX Transporter-8 rideshare.{{Cite web |last=Erwin |first=Sandra |date=2023-06-14 |title=DARPA downsizes Blackjack space experiment |url=https://spacenews.com/darpa-downsizes-blackjack-space-experiment/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}} [163] => *broadband, electro-magnetic spectrum receiver system: prototype and demonstration{{Cite web|title=Contracts for August 26, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2326327//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [164] => * [[BlockADE]]: Rapidly constructed barrier. (2014)[https://web.archive.org/web/20141218032021/http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/article/20140705/NEWS04/307050033/DARPA-calls-industry-develop-compact-push-button-wall DARPA calls on industry to develop compact, push-button wall] – MarineCorpstimes.com, 5 July 2014 [165] => * [[DARPA Captive Air Amphibious Transporter|Captive Air Amphibious Transporter]] (CAAT){{Cite web|title=DARPA's Captive Air Amphibious Transporter can drive on water, help during disaster relief (video)|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012-08-11-darpa-captive-air-amphibious-transporter.html|access-date=2020-06-05|website=Engadget|date=11 August 2012 |language=en}} [166] => * Causal Exploration of Complex Operational Environments ("Causal Exploration") – computerized aid to [[military planning]]. (2018){{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/81590/darpa-seeks-to-model-conflicts-for-military-planners?from_rss=1 |first=Geoff |last=Fein |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |title=DARPA seeks to model conflicts for military planners |date=July 6, 2018}}{{cite news |url=https://www.darpa.mil/attachments/FAQ_CE1-17-1USE.pdf |publisher=DARPA |title=HR001117S0012 Causal Exploration of Complex Operational Environments (Causal Exploration) Frequently Asked Questions |date=January 17, 2017 |access-date=July 9, 2018 |archive-date=July 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710010415/https://www.darpa.mil/attachments/FAQ_CE1-17-1USE.pdf |url-status=dead }} [167] => * Clean-Slate Design of Resilient, Adaptive, Secure Hosts (CRASH), a DARPA Transformation Convergence Technology Office (TCTO) initiative{{cite web |url=https://www.fbo.gov/download/82f/82f6068978da5339752c89d2f65d89ca/CRASH_BAA_20100601_RC3.pdf |title=Clean-slate design of Resilient, Adaptive, Secure Hosts (CRASH) |publisher=DARPA |date=2010-06-01 |access-date=2014-09-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724082414/https://www.fbo.gov/download/82f/82f6068978da5339752c89d2f65d89ca/CRASH_BAA_20100601_RC3.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-24 }} [168] => * [[Collaborative Operations in Denied Environment]] (CODE): Modular software architecture for UAVs to pass information to each other in contested environments to identify and engage targets with limited operator direction. (2015)[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/darpa-invites-industry-to-explore-collaborative-uav-408267/ DARPA invites industry to explore collaborative UAV technology] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203215053/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/darpa-invites-industry-to-explore-collaborative-uav-408267/ |date=2015-02-03 }} – Flightglobal.com, 23 January 2015[http://defensesystems.com/articles/2015/01/22/darpa-drones-pack-of-wolves-autonomy.aspx Pentagon issues call for drones that hunt like a pack of wolves] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203213513/http://defensesystems.com/articles/2015/01/22/darpa-drones-pack-of-wolves-autonomy.aspx |date=2015-02-03 }} – Defensesystems.com, 22 January 2015 [169] => *[[Control of Revolutionary Aircraft with Novel Effectors (CRANE)]] (2019): The program seeks to demonstrate an experimental aircraft design based on active flow control (AFC), which is defined as on-demand addition of energy into a boundary layer in order to maintain, recover, or improve aerodynamic performance. The aim is for CRANE to generally improve aircraft performance and reliability while reducing cost.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for June 19, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2226670//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=August 26, 2019 |title=Control of Revolutionary Aircraft with Novel Effecters (CRANE) Proposers Day (Archived) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/control-of-revolutionary-aircraft-with-novel-effecters-proposers-day |access-date=May 14, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} In May 2023, DARPA designated the experimental uncrewed aircraft the X-65 which will use banks of compressed air nozzles to execute maneuvers without traditional, exterior-moving flight controls.{{Cite web |title=Meet the X-65: DARPA's New Plane Has No External Control Surfaces |url=https://www.airandspaceforces.com/x-65-darpa-new-plane/ |access-date=May 23, 2023 |website=airandspaceforces.com|date=16 May 2023 }} [170] => * [[Computational Weapon Optic]] (CWO) (2015): Computer rifle scope that combines various features into one optic.[https://gizmodo.com/what-it-feels-like-to-shoot-the-military-s-experimental-1700448634 What It Feels Like to Shoot With the Military's Experimental Smart Scope] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506105808/http://gizmodo.com/what-it-feels-like-to-shoot-the-military-s-experimental-1700448634 |date=2015-05-06 }} – Gizmodo.com, 28 April 2015 [171] => * [[DARPA Triage Challenge (DTC)]] (2023): The DTC will use a series of challenge events to spur development of novel physiological features for medical triage. The three-year competition focuses on improving emergency medical response in military and civilian mass casualty incidents.{{Cite web |title=DARPA Triage Challenge |url=https://triagechallenge.darpa.mil/ |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}}{{Cite web |title=DARPA Triage Challenge to Promote Tech Use in Medical Response to Mass Casualty Incidents |url=https://executivegov.com/2022/11/darpa-challenge-to-promote-tech-use-in-medical-response-to-mass-casualties/ |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=executivegov.com|date=18 November 2022 }} [172] => * [[DARPA XG|DARPA XG (2005)]] : technology for Dynamic Spectrum Access for assured military communications.{{Cite web|url=http://www.sharedspectrum.com/resources/darpa-next-generation-communications-program/|title=DARPA neXt Generation Communications Program - SSC|language=en|access-date=2019-09-19|archive-date=2019-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101223820/http://www.sharedspectrum.com/resources/darpa-next-generation-communications-program/|url-status=dead}} [173] => *[[Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations (DRACO)]] (2021): The program is to demonstrate a [[nuclear thermal rocket]] (NTR) in orbit by 2027 in collaboration with NASA (nuclear thermal engine) and U.S. Space Force (launch).{{Cite web |last=Hitchens |first=Theresa |date=2023-07-26 |title=DARPA, NASA tap Lockheed Martin to design, build DRACO nuclear rocket for deep space missions |url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2023/07/darpa-nasa-tap-lockheed-martin-to-design-build-draco-nuclear-rocket-for-deep-space-missions/ |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=Breaking Defense |language=en-US}} [174] => *Detection system consisting of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based assays paired with reconfigurable point-of-need and massively multi-plexed devices for diagnostics and surveillance{{Cite web|title=Contracts for October 27, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2396088//|access-date=2021-01-25|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [175] => *[[Electronics Resurgence Initiative]] (ERI) (2019): Started in 2019, the initiative aims at both national security capabilities and commercial economic competitiveness and sustainability. These programs emphasize forward-looking partnerships with U.S. industry, the defense industrial base, and university researchers. In 2023, DARPA expanded ERI's focus with the announcement of ERI 2.0 seeking to reinvent domestic microelectronics manufacturing.{{Cite web |date=May 17, 2023 |title=DARPA's ERI Summit 2023: microelectronics innovation |url=https://turtletimeline.com/darpas-eri-summit-2023-microelectronics-innovation/ |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=TurtleTimeline.com}}{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2023 |title=ERI Overview and Structure |url=https://www.darpa.mil/work-with-us/electronics-resurgence-initiative |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [176] => * [[Experimental Spaceplane 1]] (formerly XS-1): In 2017, Boeing was selected for Phases 2 and 3 for the fabrication and flight of a reusable unmanned space transport after it completed the initial design in Phase 1 as one of the three teams.{{Cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/experimental-space-plane|title=Experimental Spaceplane|website=www.darpa.mil|access-date=2019-02-25}} In January 2020, Boeing ended its role in the program.{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=2020-01-22 |title=Boeing drops out of DARPA Experimental Spaceplane program |url=https://spacenews.com/boeing-drops-out-of-darpa-experimental-spaceplane-program/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}} [177] => * [[Fast Lightweight Autonomy]]: Software algorithms that enable small UAVs to fly fast in cluttered environments without [[GPS]] or external communications. (2014)[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/darpa-solicits-tender-for-uav-urban-operation-algorithms-407418/ DARPA solicits tender for UAV urban operation algorithms] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203214839/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/darpa-solicits-tender-for-uav-urban-operation-algorithms-407418/ |date=2015-02-03 }} – Flightglobal.com, 23 December 2014 [178] => *Fast Network Interface Cards (FastNICs): develop and integrate new, clean-slate network subsystems in order to speed up applications, such as the distributed training of machine learning classifiers by 100x.{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Dr. Jonathan M.|date=|title=Fast Network Interface Cards (FastNICs)|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/fast-network-interface-cards|access-date=February 5, 2021|website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}} Perspecta Labs{{Cite web|title=Contracts for May 5, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2177362//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} and Raytheon BBN{{Cite web|title=Contracts for June 11, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2217371//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} were working on FastNICs as of fiscal year 2020. [179] => * [[Force Application and Launch from Continental United States]] (FALCON): a research effort to develop a small satellite [[launch vehicle]]. (2008){{cite web|url=http://www.darpa.mil/tto/programs/Falcon.htm|title=Falcon|year=2008|publisher=DARPA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822050303/http://www.darpa.mil/tto/programs/Falcon.htm|archive-date=2008-08-22}} This vehicle is under development by [[AirLaunch LLC]].{{cite web|url=http://www.airlaunchllc.com/News.htm|title=Airlaunchllc News|publisher=Airlaunch|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514093237/http://airlaunchllc.com/News.htm|archive-date=2008-05-14}} [180] => *Gamma Ray Inspection Technology (GRIT) program: research and develop high-intensity, tunable, and narrow-bandwidth gamma ray production in compact, transportable form. This technology can be utilized for discovering smuggled nuclear material in cargo via new inspection techniques, and enabling new medical diagnostics and therapies.{{Cite web|last=Wrobel|first=Dr. Mark|date=|title=Gamma Ray Inspection Technology (GRIT)|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/gamma-ray-inspection-technology|access-date=2021-02-05|website=www.darpa.mil}} RadiaBeam Technologies LLC was working on a phase 1 of the program, Laser-Compton approach, in fiscal year 2020.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for March 20, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2120442//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [181] => *Glide Breaker program: technology for an advanced interceptor capable of engaging maneuvering hypersonic vehicles or missiles in the upper atmosphere. Northrop Grumman{{Cite web|title=Contracts for January 24, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2065636//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} and Aerojet Rocketdyne{{Cite web|title=Contracts for February 10, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2080211//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} were working on this program as of fiscal year 2020. [182] => * [[DARPA Gremlins|Gremlins]] (2015): Air-launched and recoverable [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]] with distributed capabilities to provide low-cost flexibility over expensive multirole platforms.[http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/08/military-wants-swarm-bots-retrieve-midair/119795/?oref=d-river The Military Wants Swarm Bots It Can Retrieve in Midair] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901041853/http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/08/military-wants-swarm-bots-retrieve-midair/119795/?oref=d-river |date=2015-09-01 }} – Defenseone.com, 28 August 2015 In October 2021, two X-61 Gremlin air vehicles were tested at the Army's Dugway Proving Ground, Utah.{{Cite web |date=December 9, 2021 |title=DARPA's latest 'Gremlins' test shows how the US military's biggest planes could be motherships in future wars |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/darpa-gremlins-test-shows-how-planes-can-be-drone-mothership-2021-12?op=1 |access-date=July 10, 2023 |website=businessinsider.com}} [183] => * [[DARPA GXV-T|Ground X-Vehicle Technology]] (GXV-T) (2015): This program aims to improve mobility, survivability, safety, and effectiveness of future combat vehicles without piling on armor.{{Cite web |title=GXV-T Advances Radical Technology for Future Combat Vehicles |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2018-06-22 |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}}{{Cite web |title=Ground X-Vehicle Technologies (GXV-T) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/ground-x-vehicle-technologies |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [184] => * [[High Productivity Computing Systems]]{{Cite web|url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/20671.wss|title=DARPA Selects IBM for Supercomputing Grand Challenge|date=2006-11-21|website=www-03.ibm.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-21}} [185] => * [[High Operational Temperature Sensors]] (HOTS)(2023): The program is to develop sensor microelectronics consisting of transducers, signal conditioning microelectronics, and integration that operate with high bandwidth (>1 MHz) and dynamic range (>90 dB) at extreme temperatures (i.e., at least 800 °C).{{Cite web |title=High Operational Temperature Sensors (HOTS) Proposers Day |url=https://sam.gov/opp/8835c355e3b442e6b3b79f75ad0f1653/view |website=SAM.gov}} [186] => *[[HIVE (Hierarchical Identify Verify Exploit)]] [[CPU architecture]]. (2017){{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/06/11/american-military-backs-an-entirely-new-kind-of-processor/ |title=American military backs an entirely new kind of processor |publisher=Engadget.com |date=2017-06-11 |access-date=2018-01-14}} [187] => *[[Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept]] (HAWC). This program is a joint DARPA/[[United States Department of the Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] effort that seeks to develop and demonstrate critical technologies to enable an effective and affordable air-launched hypersonic cruise missile.{{Cite web |title=Hypersonic Air-breathing Weapon Concept (HAWC) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/hypersonic-air-breathing-weapon-concept |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [188] => *Hypersonic Boost Glide Systems Research{{Cite web|title=Contracts for July 10, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2270757//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [189] => *[[Genetically modified virus#Insect Allies program|Insect Allies]] (2017–2021){{Cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2016-10-19|title=DARPA Enlists Insects to Protect Agricultural Food Supply and Commodity Crops|website=www.darpa.mil|access-date=2019-06-10}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbo.gov/utils/view?id=40638c9e7d45ed8310f9d4f4671b4a7b|title=Broad Agency Announcement Insect Allies, Biological Technologies Office, HR001117S0002 November 1, 2016|date=2016|website=FedBizOpps.gov}}{{Cite web |title=Insect Allies |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/insect-allies |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [190] => * [[Integrated Sensor is Structure]] (ISIS): This was a joint DARPA and U.S. Air Force program to develop a sensor of unprecedented proportions to be fully integrated into a stratospheric airship.{{Cite web |title=Integrated Sensor is Structure (ISIS) (Archived) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/integrated-sensor-is-structure |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [191] => * Intelligent Integration of Information (I3) in SISTO, 1994–2000 – supported database research and with ARPA CISTO and [[NASA]] funded the [[National Science Foundation|NSF]] [[Digital Library]] program, that led. a.o. to [[Google]].{{cite journal | url=https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=170118|title = Intelligent integration of information|journal = ACM SIGMOD Record|date = June 1993|doi = 10.1145/170036.170118|last1 = Wiederhold|first1 = Gio|volume = 22|issue = 2|pages = 434–437| s2cid=215916846 }} [192] => *Joint All-Domain Warfighting Software (JAWS): software suite featuring automation and predictive analytics for battle management and command & control with tactical coordination for capture ("target custody") and kill missions.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for December 21, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2454191//|access-date=2021-01-26|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} Systems & Technology Research of Woburn, Massachusetts, is working on this project, with an expected completion date of March 2022.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for December 21, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2454191//|access-date=2021-02-11|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} Raytheon is also working on this project, with an expected completion date of April 2022.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for January 15, 2021|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2474326//|access-date=2021-02-11|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [193] => *Lasers for Universal Microscale Optical Systems (LUMOS): integrate heterogeneous materials to bring high performance lasers and amplifiers to manufacturable photonics platforms.{{Cite web|last=Keeler|first=Dr. Gordon|date=|title=Lasers for Universal Microscale Optical Systems (LUMOS)|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/lasers-for-universal-microscale-optical-systems|access-date=February 5, 2021|website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}} As of fiscal year 2020, the Research Foundation for the State University of New York (SUNY) was working to enable "on-chip optical gain" to integrated photonics platforms, and enable complete photonics functionality "on a single substrate for disruptive optical microsystems."{{Cite web|title=Contracts for September 14, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2347324//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [194] => *LongShot (2021): The program is to demonstrate an unmanned air-launched vehicle (UAV) capable of employing air-to-air weapons.{{Cite web |title=LongShot |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/longshot |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} Phase 1 design work started in early 2021. In June 2023, DARPA awarded a Phase 3 contract to General Atomics for the manufacturing and a flight demonstration in 2025 of an air-launched, flying and potentially recoverable missile carrier.{{Cite web |title=DARPA LongShot Cleared To Move Into Flight Demonstration Phase {{!}} Aviation Week Network |url=https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/missile-defense-weapons/darpa-longshot-cleared-move-flight-demonstration-phase |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=aviationweek.com}} [195] => * Manta Ray (2020): The program is to develop a series of autonomous, large-size, [[Unmanned underwater vehicle|unmanned underwater vehicles]] (UUVs) capable of long-duration missions and having large payload capacities.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for February 21, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2091020//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}}[https://idstch.com/military/navy/darpa-manta-ray-developing-new-class-of-uuvs-capable-of-carrying-large-payloads-and-long-endurance-missions-to-support-persistent-operations/ DARPA Manta Ray Developing New Class of UUVs Capable of Carrying Large Payloads and Long Endurance Missions to Support Persistent Operations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505002601/https://idstch.com/military/navy/darpa-manta-ray-developing-new-class-of-uuvs-capable-of-carrying-large-payloads-and-long-endurance-missions-to-support-persistent-operations/ |date=2023-05-05 }} idstch.com April 21, 2022 In December 2021, DARPA awarded Phase 2 contracts to Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation and Martin Defense Group to work on subsystem testing followed by fabrication and in-water demonstrations of full-scale integrated vehicles.{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Naval News |date=2021-12-20 |title=DARPA Selects Two Teams to Build, Test Innovative Manta Ray UUV |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/12/darpa-selects-two-teams-to-build-test-innovative-manta-ray-uuv/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}} [196] => *Media Forensics (MediFor): A project aimed at automatically spotting digital manipulation in images and videos, including [[Deepfakes]]. (2018).{{cite web |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/media-forensics |publisher=DARPA |title=Media Forensics (MediFor) |access-date=June 25, 2018}}{{cite news |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/robotics/artificial-intelligence/experts-bet-on-first-deepfakes-political-scandal |quote=The threat is real enough that the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has funded a Media Forensics project aimed at finding ways to automatically screen for Deepfake videos and similarly deceptive examples of digital media. |title=Experts Bet on First Deepfakes Political Scandal |first=Jeremy |last=Hsu |date=June 22, 2018 |publisher=[[IEEE Spectrum]]}} MediFor largely ended in 2020 and DARPA launched a follow-on program in 2021 called the semantic forensics, or SemaFor.{{Cite web |title=DARPA Launches New Programs to Detect Falsified Media |url=https://governmentciomedia.com/darpa-launches-new-programs-detect-falsified-media |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=governmentciomedia.com|date=16 September 2021 }} [197] => * [[MEMS Exchange]]: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Implementation Environment (MX)[https://www.mems-exchange.org/about/ mems-exchange.org][https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/timeline/micrelectromechanical-systems/ DARPA.mil] [198] => *Millimeter-wave GaN Maturation (MGM) program: develop new GaN transistor technology to attain high-speed and large voltage swing at the same time.{{Cite web|last=Hancock|first=Dr. Timothy|date=|title=Millimeter-wave GaN Maturation (MGM)|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/millimeter-wave-gan-maturation|access-date=February 5, 2021|website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}} HRL Laboratories LLC, a joint venture between Boeing and General Motors, is working on phase 2 as of fiscal year 2020.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for September 8, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2340084//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [199] => *Modular Optical Aperture Building Blocks (MOABB) program (2015): design free-space optical components (e.g., telescope, bulk lasers with mechanical beam-steering, detectors, electronics) in a single device. Create a wafer-scale system that is one hundred times smaller and lighter than existing systems and can steer the optical beam far faster than mechanical components. Research and design electronic-photonic unit cells that can be tiled together to form large-scale planar apertures (up to 10 centimeters in diameter) that can run at 100 watts of optical power. The overall goals of such technology are (1) rapid 3D scanning using devices smaller than a cell-phone camera; (2) high-speed laser communications without mechanical steering; (3) and foliage-penetrating perimeter sensing, remote wind sensing, and long-range 3-D mapping.{{Cite web|last=Keeler|first= Gordon|date=|title=Modular Optical Aperture Building Blocks (MOABB)|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/modular-optical-aperture-building-blocks|access-date=February 5, 2021|website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}} As of fiscal year 2020, Analog Photonics LLC of Boston, Massachusetts, was working on phase 3 of the program and is expected to finish by May 2022.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for September 10, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2343624//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [200] => *Multi- Azimuth Defense Fast Intercept Round Engagement System (MAD-FIRES) program: develop technologies that combine advantages of a missile (guidance, precision, accuracy) with advantages of a bullet (speed, rapid-fire, large ammunition capacity) to be used on a medium-caliber guided projectile in defending ships.{{Cite web|title=Raytheon tests motor for DARPA's MAD-FIRES self-defense interceptor|url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2019/05/07/Raytheon-tests-motor-for-DARPAs-MAD-FIRES-self-defense-interceptor/8511557240419/|access-date=2021-02-05|website=UPI|language=en}} Raytheon is currently working on MAD-FIRES phase 3 (enhance seeker performance, and develop a functional demonstration illuminator and engagement manager to engage and defeat a representative surrogate target) and is expected to be finished by November 2022.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for August 31, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2331179//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [201] => * [[Near Zero Power RF and Sensor Operations]] (N-ZERO): Reducing or eliminating the standby power unattended ground sensors consume. (2015)[http://www.militaryaerospace.com/articles/2015/02/darpa-nzero-program.html DARPA N-ZERO program seeks to reduce or eliminate need for standby power on unattended sensors] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215183927/http://www.militaryaerospace.com/articles/2015/02/darpa-nzero-program.html |date=2015-02-15 }} – Militaryaerospace.com, 9 February 2015 [202] => * [[Neural implant]]s for soldiers. (2014){{cite web |url=http://therundownlive.com/pentagon-rolls-out-darpa-plan-to-implant-chip-in-soldiers-brain/ |title=Pentagon Rolls Out DARPA Plan To Implant Chips In Soldiers' Brains – The Rundown Live |website=therundownlive.com |date=15 February 2014 |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603194645/http://therundownlive.com/pentagon-rolls-out-darpa-plan-to-implant-chip-in-soldiers-brain/ |archive-date=3 June 2017 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.geek.com/science/pentagon-wants-to-fit-soldiers-with-a-little-black-box-brain-implant-1584484/ |title=Pentagon wants to fit soldiers with a little black box brain implant - Geek.com |date=10 February 2014 |website=geek.com |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330085123/http://www.geek.com/science/pentagon-wants-to-fit-soldiers-with-a-little-black-box-brain-implant-1584484/ |archive-date=30 March 2017 }} [203] => *Novel, nonsurgical, bi-directional brain-computer interface with high spacio-temporal resolution and low latency for potential human use.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for October 30, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2400904//|access-date=2021-01-25|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [204] => *Open, Programmable, Secure 5G (OPS-5G) (2020): The program is to address security risks of 5G networks by pursuing research leading to the development of a portable standards-compliant network stack for 5G mobile that is open source and secure by design. OPS-5G seeks to create open source software and systems that enable secure 5G and subsequent mobile networks such as 6G.{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2020 |title=Improving 5G Network Security |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2020-02-05 |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}}{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2021 |title=DARPA and the Linux Foundation Create Open Software Initiative to Accelerate US R&D Innovation, 5G End to End Stack |url=https://usgovops.org/press-release/darpa-and-the-linux-foundation-create-open-software-initiative-to-accelerate-us-rd-innovation-5g-end-to-end-stack/ |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=US GOV OPS |archive-date=May 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521185531/https://usgovops.org/press-release/darpa-and-the-linux-foundation-create-open-software-initiative-to-accelerate-us-rd-innovation-5g-end-to-end-stack/ |url-status=dead }} [205] => *Operational Fires ([[OpFires]]): developing a new mobile ground-launched booster that helps hypersonic boost glide weapons penetrate enemy air defenses.{{Cite web|last=Stults|first=Lt. Col. Joshua|date=|title=Operational Fires (OpFires)|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/operational-fires|access-date=January 31, 2021|website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}} As of 17 July 2020, Lockheed Martin was working on phase 3 of the program (develop propulsion components for the missile's Stage 2 section) to be completed by January 2022.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for July 17, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2278883//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} The system was successfully tested in July 2022.{{Cite web |title=Operational Fires Program Successfully Completes First Flight Test |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2022-07-13a |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=DARPA.mil}} [206] => * [[Persistent Close Air Support]] (PCAS): DARPA created the program in 2010 to seek to fundamentally increase Close Air Support effectiveness by enabling dismounted ground agents—Joint Terminal Attack Controllers—and combat aircrews to share real-time situational awareness and weapons systems data.{{Cite web |title=Persistent Close Air Support (PCAS) (Archived) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/persistent-close-air-support |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [207] => *PREventing EMerging Pathogenic Threats (PREEMPT){{Cite web|title=PREventing EMerging Pathogenic Threats|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/preventing-emerging-pathogenic-threats|website=www.darpa.mil|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406122410/https://www.darpa.mil/program/preventing-emerging-pathogenic-threats|archive-date=2020-04-06|access-date=2020-04-06}} [208] => * [[QuASAR]]: Quantum Assisted Sensing and Readout{{when|date=August 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/quantum-assisted-sensing-and-readout|title=Quantum-Assisted Sensing and Readout (QuASAR)|website=www.darpa.mil|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-12}} [209] => * [[QuBE]]: Quantum Effects in Biological Environments{{when|date=August 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/quantum-effects-in-biological-environments|title=Quantum effects in Biological Environments (QuBE)|website=www.darpa.mil|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-12}} [210] => * [[QuEST|QUEST]]: Quantum Entanglement Science and Technology{{cite web|url=http://open-grants.insidegov.com/l/23368/Quantum-Entanglement-Science-and-Technology-QuEST-DARPA-BAA-08-24-PDF|title=Quantum Entanglement Science and Technology (QuEST) – DARPA-BAA-08-24-PDF|website=open-grants.insidegov.com|language=en-us|access-date=2018-01-11}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [211] => * Quiness: Macroscopic Quantum Communications{{cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/quiness|title=Quiness|website=www.darpa.mil|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-11}}{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/10/quantum-satellite-teleportation/|title=The Race to Bring Quantum Teleportation to Your World|magazine=WIRED|access-date=2018-01-11|language=en-US}} [212] => * [[QUIST]]: Quantum Information Science and Technology{{when|date=August 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/timeline/quantum-key-distribution-network|title=Quantum Key Distribution Network|website=www.darpa.mil|language=en-US|access-date=2018-01-11}}{{cite web|url=https://arxiv.org/ftp/quant-ph/papers/0503/0503058.pdf|title=Status of the DARPA/BBN Quantum Network}}{{cite web|url=https://www.govcon.com/doc/darpa-announces-quist-program-baa-0001|title=DARPA announces QuIST Program BAA|website=www.govcon.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-11}} [213] => *RADICS: Rapid Attack Detection, Isolation and Characterization Systems{{Cite web|last=Weiss|first=Walter|title=Rapid Attack Detection, Isolation and Characterization Systems (RADICS)|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/rapid-attack-detection-isolation-and-characterization-systems|access-date=March 1, 2021}}{{Cite news|date=March 1, 2021|title=Technologies to rapidly restore the electrical grid after cyberattack come online|work=[[Tech Xplore]]|url=https://techxplore.com/news/2021-03-technologies-rapidly-electrical-grid-cyberattack.html|access-date=March 1, 2021}} [214] => *Rational Integrated Design of Energetics (RIDE): developing tools that speed up and facilitate energetics research.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for December 10, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2443378//|access-date=2021-01-26|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [215] => *[[Remote-controlled insect]]s{{cite magazine |author=Ewen Callaway |date=2009-10-01 |title=Free-flying cyborg insects steered from a distance |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17895-freeflying-cyborg-insects-steered-from-a-distance.html |url-status=live |magazine=New Scientist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413210119/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17895-freeflying-cyborg-insects-steered-from-a-distance.html |archive-date=2010-04-13 |access-date=2010-04-04}} [216] => * [[Robotic Servicing of Geosynchronous Satellites program]] (RSGS): a [[telerobotic]] and [[autonomous robot|autonomous]] robotic satellite-servicing project, conceived in 2017.{{cite web|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/video/aerospace/robotic-exploration/robot-mechanic-could-prevent-satellites-from-becoming-space-junk|title=Robot Mechanic Could Prevent Satellites From Becoming Space Junk|website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News|date=29 Jul 2017|first1=Gordon|last1=Roesler|first2=Paul|last2=Jaffe|first3=Glen|last3=Henshaw|first4=Alyssa|last4=Pagano}} In 2020, DARPA selected Northrop Grumman's SpaceLogistics as its RSGS partner. The [[United States Naval Research Laboratory|U.S. Naval Research Laboratory]] designed and developed the RSGS robotic arm with DARPA funding. The RSGS system is anticipated to start servicing satellites in space in 2025.{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Soumya |date=2022-11-09 |title=US DARPA completes component-level tests for RSGS programme |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/us-darpa-tests-rsgs-programme/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}} [217] => * [[Robotic Autonomy in Complex Environments with Resiliency (RACER)]] (2020): This is a four-year program and aims to make sure algorithms aren't the limiting part of the system and that autonomous combat vehicles can meet or exceed soldier driving abilities'''.'''{{Cite web |title=Robotic Autonomy in Complex Environments with Resiliency (RACER) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/robotic-autonomy-in-complex-environments-with-resiliency |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}}{{Cite web |title=DARPA Project Strives for Off-Road Unmanned Vehicles that React Like Humans |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2020-10-07 |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} RACER conducted its third experiment to assess the performance of off-road unmanned vehicles March 12-27, 2023.{{Cite web |date=April 11, 2023 |title=RACER's Off-Road Autonomous Vehicles Teams Navigate Third Test |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2023-04-11 |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [218] => * SafeGenes: a synthetic biology project to program "undo" sequences into gene editing programs (2016)[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/u-s-military-preps-for-gene-drives-run-amok/ U.S. Military Preps for Gene Drives Run Amok] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221090429/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/u-s-military-preps-for-gene-drives-run-amok/ |date=2016-12-21 }} – ScientificAmerican.com, 18 November 2016 [219] => *[https://www.darpa.mil/program/sea-train Sea Train] (2019): The program goal is to develop and demonstrate ways to overcome range limitations in medium unmanned surface vessels by exploiting wave-making resistance reductions.{{Cite web |title=Sea Train |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/sea-train |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} Applied Physical Sciences Corp. of Groton, Connecticut, is undertaking Phase 1 of the Sea Train program, with an expected completion date of March 2022. Sea Train, NOMARS and Manta Ray are the three programs that could significantly impact naval operations by extending the range and payloads for unmanned vessels on and below the surface.{{Cite web |date=February 1, 2023 |title=DARPA Lays Course for Unmanned Maritime Future |url=https://www.afcea.org/signal-media/darpa-lays-course-unmanned-maritime-future |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=afcea.org}} [220] => *Secure Advanced Framework for Simulation & Modeling (SAFE-SiM) program: build a rapid modeling and simulation environment to enable quick analysis in support of senior-level decision-making. As of fiscal year 2020, Radiance Technologies{{Cite web|title=Contracts for August 25, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2324805//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} and L3Harris{{Cite web|title=Contracts for September 11, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2345436//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} were working on portions of the program, with expected completion in August and September 2021, respectively. [221] => *Securing Information for Encrypted Verification and Evaluation (SIEVE) program: use zero knowledge proofs to enable the verification of capabilities for the US military "without revealing the sensitive details associated with those capabilities."{{Cite web|last=Baron|first=Dr. Joshua|date=|title=Securing Information for Encrypted Verification and Evaluation (SIEVE)|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/securing-information-for-encrypted-verification-and-evaluation|access-date=February 5, 2021|website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}} Galois Inc. of Portland, Oregon, and Stealth Software Technologies of Los Angeles, California, are currently working on the SIEVE program, with a projected completion date of May 2024.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for April 17, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2155142//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Contracts for April 30, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2171906//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [222] => * Semantic Forensics (SemaFor) program: develop technologies to automatically detect, attribute, and characterize falsified media (e.g., text, audio, image, video) to defend against automated disinformation. SRI International of Menlo Park, California, and Kitware Inc. of Clifton, New York, are working on the SemaFor program, with an expected completion date of July 2024.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for July 23, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2286392//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=Contracts for July 29, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2293268//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [223] => * Sensor plants: DARPA "is working on a plan to use plants to gather intelligence information" through DARPA's Advanced Plant Technologies (APT) program, which aims to control the physiology of plants in order to detect chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear threats. (2017){{Cite news|url=https://homelandprepnews.com/stories/25698-department-defense-develops-plant-biotechnology-program-latest-surveillance-tool-cbrn-threats/|title=Department of Defense develops plant biotechnology program as latest surveillance tool against CBRN threats|last=Williams|first=Terri|date=2017-12-11|work=Homeland Preparedness News|access-date=2017-12-27|language=en-US}} [224] => * Synthetic Hemo-technologIEs to Locate and Disinfect (SHIELD) (2023): The program aims to develop prophylaxes and prevent [[bloodstream infections]] (BSI) caused by bacterial/fungal agents, a threat to military and civilian populations.{{Cite web |title=Synthetic Hemo-technologIEs to Locate and Disinfect (SHIELD) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/SHEILD |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [225] => * SIGMA: A network of radiological detection devices the size of smart phones that can detect small amounts of radioactive materials. The devices are paired with larger detector devices along major roads and bridges. (2016){{cite news |last1=Murtha |first1=Alex |title=DARPA develops pocket-sized, affordable, networked radiation sensor |url=https://homelandprepnews.com/countermeasures/19585-darpa-develops-pocket-sized-affordable-networked-radiation-sensor/ |access-date=29 August 2016 |work=Homeland Preparedness News |issue=26 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330000216/https://homelandprepnews.com/countermeasures/19585-darpa-develops-pocket-sized-affordable-networked-radiation-sensor/ |archive-date=30 March 2017 }} [226] => *[[SIGMA+ program]] (2018): by building on concepts theorized in the SIGMA program, develop new sensors and analytics to detect small traces of explosives and chemical and biological weaponry throughout any given large metropolitan area.{{Cite web|last=Wrobel|first=Dr. Mark|date=|title=SIGMA+|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/sigma-plus|access-date=February 5, 2021|website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}} In October 2021, SIGMA+ program, in collaboration with the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department (IMPD), concluded a three-month-long pilot study with new sensors to support early detection and interdictions of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) threats.{{Cite web |title=CHIPS Articles: WMD Threat Sensors Integrated, Tested in Police Vehicles |url=https://www.doncio.navy.mil/CHIPS/ArticleDetails.aspx?ID=15217 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=www.doncio.navy.mil}} [227] => * SoSITE: [[System of Systems Integration Technology and Experimentation]]: Combinations of aircraft, weapons, sensors, and mission systems that distribute air warfare capabilities across a large number of interoperable manned and unmanned platforms. (2015)[http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1644 DARPA unveils new SoSITE program for maintaining air superiority] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305112235/http://airrecognition.com/index.php?id=1644&option=com_content&task=view |date=2016-03-05 }} – Airrecognition.com, 1 April 2015 [228] => *SSITH: System Security Integrated Through Hardware and Firmware - secure hardware platform (2017); basis for open-source, hack-proof voting system project and 2019 system prototype contract{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/yw84q7/darpa-is-building-a-dollar10-million-open-source-secure-voting-system|title=DARPA Is Building a $10 Million, Open Source, Secure Voting System|last1=Zetter|first1=Kim|last2=Maiberg|first2=Emanuel|date=2019-03-14|website=Vice|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-01}} [229] => * SXCT: [[Squad X Core Technologies]]: Digitized, integrated technologies that improve infantry squads' awareness, precision, and influence. (2015)[http://www.gizmag.com/darpa-squad-x-core-technologies-infantry/36020/ DARPA's Squad X Core Technologies program looks to create smarter, more aware infantry squads] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214010300/http://www.gizmag.com/darpa-squad-x-core-technologies-infantry/36020/ |date=2015-02-14 }} – Gizmag.com, 10 February 2015 [230] => * [[SyNAPSE]]: Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics{{Cite journal|last1=Srinivasa|first1=N.|last2=Cruz-Albrecht|first2=J. M.|date=January 2012|title=Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics: Analog Learning Systems|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpul.2011.2175639|journal=IEEE Pulse|volume=3|issue=1|pages=51–56|doi=10.1109/mpul.2011.2175639|pmid=22344953|s2cid=20042976|issn=2154-2287}} [231] => * Tactical Boost Glide (TBG): Air-launched [[hypersonic]] boost glide missile. (2016){{cite web|url=http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/09/darpa-gives-lockheed-1473-million-to.html |title=DARPA gives Lockheed $147.3 million to research Hypersonic Tactical Boost Glide Missiles - NextBigFuture.com |date=20 September 2016 |website=nextbigfuture.com |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330180048/http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2016/09/darpa-gives-lockheed-1473-million-to.html |archive-date=30 March 2017 }}[http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/defence-notes/raytheon-wins-darpa-tbg-contract-modification/ Raytheon wins DARPA TBG contract modification] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518063039/http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/defence-notes/raytheon-wins-darpa-tbg-contract-modification/ |date=2015-05-18 }} – Shephardmedia.com, 4 May 2015{{cite web| url = https://www.darpa.mil/program/tactical-boost-glide| title = Dr. Peter Erbland, Lt. Col. Joshua Stults: Tactical Boost Glide (TBG) }} [232] => * [[Tactically Exploited Reconnaissance Node]] (Tern)(2014): The program seeks to develop ship based UAS systems and technologies to enable a future air vehicle that could provide persistent ISR and strike capabilities beyond the limited range and endurance provided by existing helicopter platforms.[http://defensesystems.com/articles/2014/06/13/darpa-onr-tern-long-range-isr.aspx DARPA, Navy want long-range ISR drones for smaller ships] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112000124/http://defensesystems.com/articles/2014/06/13/darpa-onr-tern-long-range-isr.aspx |date=2014-11-12 }} – Defensesystems.com, 13 June 2014{{Cite web |title=Tern (Archived) |url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/tern |access-date=May 14, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}}{{Cite web |date=December 28, 2015 |title=Tern Moves Closer to Full-Scale Demonstration of Unmanned VTOL Aircraft Designed for Small Ships |url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2015-12-28 |access-date=May 14, 2023 |website=darpa.mil}} [233] => * [[TransApps]] (Transformative Applications), rapid development and fielding of secure mobile apps in the battlefield [234] => * [[ULTRA-Vis]] (Urban Leader Tactical Response, Awareness and Visualization): Heads-up display for individual soldiers. (2014)[http://breakingdefense.com/2014/05/darpas-wearable-display-augments-reality-for-foot-troops/ DARPA's ULTRA-Vis Augments Reality For Foot Troops] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221000601/http://breakingdefense.com/2014/05/darpas-wearable-display-augments-reality-for-foot-troops/ |date=2014-12-21 }} – Breakingdefense.com, 21 May 2014 [235] => *underwater network, heterogeneous: develop concepts and reconfigurable architecture, leveraging advancement in undersea communications and autonomous ocean systems, to demonstrate utility at sea.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for March 5, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2103659//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} Raytheon BBN is currently working on this program, with work expected through 4 May 2021, though if the government exercises all options on the contract then work will continue through 4 February 2024. [236] => * [[Upward Falling Payloads]]: Payloads stored on the ocean floor that can be activated and retrieved when needed. (2014)[http://defensesystems.com/articles/2014/03/27/upward-falling-payloads-darpa.aspx Pentagon plans to seed ocean floor with payloads waiting to be activated] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111235935/http://defensesystems.com/articles/2014/03/27/upward-falling-payloads-darpa.aspx |date=2014-11-11 }} – Defensesystems.com, 27 March 2014 [237] => *Urban Reconnaissance through Supervised Autonomy (URSA) program: develop technology for use in cities to enable autonomous systems that U.S. infantry and ground forces operate to detect and identify enemies before U.S. troops come across them. Program will factor in algorithms, multiple sensors, and scientific knowledge about human behavior to determine subtle differences between hostiles and innocent civilians.{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Dr. Bartlett|date=|title=Urban Reconnaissance through Supervised Autonomy (URSA)|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/urban-reconnaissance-through-supervised-autonomy|access-date=February 5, 2021|website=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency}} Soar Technology Inc. of Ann Arbor, Michigan, is currently working on pertinent vehicle autonomy technology, with work expected completed by March 2022.{{Cite web|title=Contracts for September 30, 2020|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2367105//|access-date=2021-02-05|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|language=en-US}} [238] => * [[Warrior Web]]: Soft exosuit to alleviate musculoskeletal stress on soldiers when carrying heavy loads. (2014)[http://www.army.mil/article/125315/DARPA_s_Warrior_Web_project_may_provide_super_human_enhancements/ DARPA's Warrior Web project may provide super-human enhancements] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204161531/http://www.army.mil/article/125315/DARPA_s_Warrior_Web_project_may_provide_super_human_enhancements |date=2014-12-04 }} – Army.mil, 5 May 2014 [239] => * Waste Upcycling for Defense (WUD) (2023): to turn scrap wood, cardboard, paper, and other cellulose-derived matter into sustainable materials such as building materials for re-use.{{Cite web |last=Hu |first=Charlotte |date=2023-07-24 |title=DARPA would like to make scrap wood stronger with WUD |url=https://www.popsci.com/technology/darpa-wud/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=Popular Science |language=en-US}} [240] => [241] => ===Past or transitioned projects=== [242] => {{div col}} [243] => * [[4MM]] (4-minute mile): Wearable jetpack to enable soldiers to run at increased speed.[http://www.businessinsider.com/darpa-jetpacks-help-soldiers-run-fast-2014-9 Jetpacks Help Soldiers Run At The Speed Of Olympic Athletes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501030542/http://www.businessinsider.com/darpa-jetpacks-help-soldiers-run-fast-2014-9 |date=2015-05-01 }} – Businessinsider.com, 12 September 2014 [244] => * Air Dominance Initiative: a 2015 program to develop technologies to be used in [[sixth-generation jet fighter]]s.[http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/air-space/strike/2015/01/28/sixth-generation-fighter-2016-budget/22477329/ New Budget Will Feature 6th Gen Fighter] – Defensenews.com, 28 January 2015 The Air Dominance Initiative study led to the [[United States Department of the Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]'s sixth-generation air superiority initiative, the [[Next Generation Air Dominance]]. [245] => * Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel ([[ACTUV]]) (2010): A project to build an unmanned [[anti-submarine warfare]] vessel.{{Cite web|title=ACTUV "Sea Hunter" Prototype Transitions to Office of Naval Research for Further Development|url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2018-01-30a|access-date=2020-06-05|website=www.darpa.mil}} [246] => * [[AGM-158C LRASM]]: Anti-ship cruise missile.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ug-6DgAAQBAJ&q=AGM-158C+LRASM:+Anti-ship+cruise+missile+darpa&pg=PT336|title = he Modern Weaponry of the World's Armed Forces|isbn = 9781946983794|date = 2017-04-24| publisher=Notion Press }} [247] => * [[Adaptive Vehicle Make]]: Revolutionary approaches to the design, verification, and manufacturing of complex defense systems and vehicles. [248] => * [[Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing observatory|ARPA Midcourse Optical Station]] (AMOS), a research facility that now forms part of the [[Haleakala Observatory]]. [249] => * [[ArcLight (missile)|ArcLight]]: Ship-based weapon system capable of striking targets nearly anywhere on the globe, based on the [[Standard Missile 3]]. [250] => * [[ARPANET]], earliest [[History of the Internet|predecessor of the Internet]]. [251] => * [[Assault Breaker]]: technology integration to defeat armored attacks [252] => * ASTOVL, precursor of the [[Joint Strike Fighter program]][https://web.archive.org/web/20090914194437/http://www.martin-baker.co.uk/getdoc/d25952ab-5881-4999-8593-6f7f196c8770/a_history_of_the_joint_strike_fighter_programme.aspx A history of the Joint Strike Fighter Program], Martin-Baker. Retrieved 4 August 2010 [253] => * The [[Aspen Movie Map]] allowed one to virtually tour the streets of [[Aspen, Colorado]]. Developed in 1978, it is the earliest predecessor to products like [[Google Street View]].{{cite book |last1=Marcus |first1=Foth |title=Handbook of Research on Urban Informatics: The Practice and Promise of the Real-Time City: The Practice and Promise of the Real-Time City |date=31 December 2008 |publisher=IGI Global |isbn=978-1-60566-153-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tZh3VimmzTgC |language=en|quote=The very first interactive street view is 'Aspen Movie Map'}}{{rp|244}}{{cite book |last1=Duarte |first1=Fabio |last2=Alvarez |first2=Ricardo |title=Urban Play: Make-Believe, Technology, and Space |date=3 August 2021 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-36226-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yOkGEAAAQBAJ |language=en|quote=the first virtual travel system, in what could be considered an early precursor of Google's Street View}}{{rp|149}}{{cite book |last1=Eede |first1=Yoni Van Den |last2=Irwin |first2=Stacey O'Neal |last3=Wellner |first3=Galit |title=Postphenomenology and Media: Essays on Human–Media–World Relations |date=23 June 2017 |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-1-4985-5015-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a-EoDwAAQBAJ |language=en|quote=the first detailed VR simulation of an actual town}}{{rp|93}} [254] => * [[Atlas (robot)|Atlas]]: A [[humanoid robot]]. [255] => * [[Battlefield Illusion]]{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/02/darpa-magic/#more-72714 |magazine=Wired |first=Noah |last=Shachtman |title=Darpa's Magic Plan: 'Battlefield Illusions' to Mess With Enemy Minds |date=2012-02-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329035749/http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/02/darpa-magic/ |archive-date=2014-03-29 }} [256] => * [[BigDog]]/[[Legged Squad Support System]] (2012): legged robots.{{cite web|url=http://www.bostondynamics.com/dist/BigDog.wmv |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-05-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315102508/http://www.bostondynamics.com/dist/BigDog.wmv |archive-date=2012-03-15 }} [257] => * [[Boeing Pelican]] [258] => * [[Boeing X-37]] (2004): The X-37 program was transferred from NASA to DARPA in September 2004.{{Cite web|last=Clark|first=Stephen|title=U.S. military's X-37B spaceplane lands in Florida – Spaceflight Now|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/10/27/u-s-militarys-x-37b-spaceplane-lands-in-florida/|access-date=2020-06-05|language=en-US}} [259] => * The [[Boeing X-45]] [[unmanned combat aerial vehicle]] refers to a mid-2000s concept demonstrator for autonomous military aircraft. [260] => * [[Boomerang (mobile shooter detection system)]]: an acoustic [[gunfire locator]] developed by [[BBN Technologies]] for detecting [[sniper]]s on military combat vehicles. [261] => * [[CALO]] or "Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes": software [262] => * [[Combat Zones That See]] (CTS): "track everything that moves" in a city by linking up a massive network of surveillance cameras{{Cite book|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/DARPA_Solicitation_Number_SN03-13:_Pre-Solicitation_Notice:_COMBAT_ZONES_THAT_SEE_(CTS)|title=DARPA Solicitation Number SN03-13: Pre-Solicitation Notice: COMBAT ZONES THAT SEE (CTS)|location=Wikisource}} [263] => * [[Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System]] (CT2WS) (2011)[https://www.hrl.com/hrlDocs/pressreleases/2012/prsRls_120918.html/ DARPA Announces Success of Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System (CT2WS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112175230/http://www.hrl.com/hrlDocs/pressreleases/2012/prsRls_120918.html |date=2012-11-12 }} HRL.com September 18, 2011 [264] => * [[Consortium for Execution of Rendezvous and Servicing Operations]] (CONFERS) (2017). [265] => * [[CPOF]]: the command post of the future—networked information system for Command control. [266] => * [[DARPA Agent Markup Language|DAML]] [267] => * [[DARPA ALASA program|ALASA]]: (Airborne Launch Assist Space Access): A rocket capable of launching a 100-pound satellite into low Earth orbit for less than $1 million. [268] => * [[DARPA Falcon Project|FALCON]] [269] => * [[DARPA Grand Challenge]]: [[driverless car]] competitions [270] => * [[DARPA GXV-T]]: Ground X Vehicle {{cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/ground-x-vehicle-technologies |title=Ground X Vehicles (GXV-T) (Archived) |access-date=2020-04-19 }}{{when|date=August 2018}} [271] => * [[DARPA Hydra|Hydra]]: Undersea network of mobile unmanned sensors. (2013)[https://www.wired.com/2013/09/hydra-darpa/ DARPA's Plan to Flood the Sea With Drones, Carrying More Drones] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221140925/https://www.wired.com/2013/09/hydra-darpa/ |date=2016-12-21 }} – Wired.com, 13 September 2013 [272] => * [[DARPA Network Challenge]] (before 2010){{cite web|url=https://networkchallenge.darpa.mil/Default.aspx |title=DARPA Network Challenge |publisher=Darpa.mil |access-date=2010-04-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811233340/https://networkchallenge.darpa.mil/Default.aspx |archive-date=2011-08-11 }} [273] => * [[DARPA Shredder Challenge 2011]]{{cite web |url=http://www.shredderchallenge.com |title=DARPA Shredder Challenge |publisher=DARPA |access-date=2011-10-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028051333/http://www.shredderchallenge.com/ |archive-date=2011-10-28 }} – Reconstruction of shredded documents [274] => * [[DARPA Silent Talk]]: A planned program attempting to identify EEG patterns for words and transmit these for covert communications.{{cite magazine|last=Warwick |first=Graham |title=Darpa Plans Triple-Target Missile Demo |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/TRIPLE052209.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128235608/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news%2FTRIPLE052209.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 28, 2011 |magazine=Aviation Week |date=May 22, 2009 }} [275] => * [[DARPA Spectrum Challenge]] (2014){{cite web|url=http://www.darpa.mil/spectrumchallenge/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140611050904/http://www.darpa.mil/spectrumchallenge/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-06-11 |title=DARPA Spectrum Challenge |publisher=Darpa.mil |access-date=2014-06-10 }} [276] => * DEFENDER [277] => * [[Defense Simulation Internet]], a wide-area network supporting [[Distributed Interactive Simulation]] [278] => * [[Discoverer II]] radar satellite constellation [279] => * [[Energetically Autonomous Tactical Robot|EATR]]{{cite web | url=https://www.robotictechnologyinc.com/index.php/EATR | title=ENERGETICALLY AUTONOMOUS TACTICAL ROBOT (EATR) PROJECT | access-date=30 March 2023 }} [280] => * [[EXACTO]]: [[Sniper rifle]] firing guided [[smart bullet]]s. [281] => * [[DARPA Global autonomous language exploitation program|GALE]]: Global Autonomous Language Exploitation [282] => * [[High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program]] (HAARP): An ionospheric research program jointly funded by DARPA, the U.S. Air Force's [[Air Force Research Laboratory|AFRL]] and the U.S. Navy's [[United States Naval Research Laboratory|NRL]].{{cite web|url=http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/factSheet.html|title=HAARP Fact Sheet|publisher=HAARP|access-date=3 July 2018|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007235012/http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/factSheet.html|date=15 June 2007|archive-date=7 October 2009}} The most prominent area during this research was the high-power radio frequency transmitter facility, which tested the use of the Ionospheric Research Instrument (IRI). [283] => * [[High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System]] (HELLADS){{Cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/1823017/darpa-unveils-drone-slaying-war-laser|title=DARPA Unveils Drone-Slaying War Laser|date=2012-03-08|work=Fast Company|access-date=2018-11-21|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.darpa.mil/tto/programs/hellads.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060322054242/http://www.darpa.mil/tto/programs/hellads.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-03-22|title=High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System (HELLADS)|date=2006-03-22|access-date=2018-11-21}} The goal of the HELLADS program was to develop a 150 kilowatt (kW) laser weapon system. In 2015, DARPA's contractor, General Atomics, successfully demonstrated a prototype.{{cn|date=July 2023}} In 2020, General Atomics and Boeing announced to develop a 100 kW liquid laser system, with plans to scale it up to 250 kW.{{Cite web |last=Hambling |first=David |title=General Atomics And Boeing's New Liquid Laser Could Win High-Energy Weapon Race |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2020/10/30/general-atomics-liquid-laser-could-win-high-energy-weapon-race/ |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=Forbes |language=en}} [284] => * [[High Performance Knowledge Bases]] [285] => * [[HISSS]] [286] => * [[Human Universal Load Carrier]]: battery-powered human exoskeleton. [287] => * [[Hypersonic Research Program]]{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/6.2008-2539|chapter=The DARPA/AF Falcon Program: The Hypersonic Technology Vehicle #2 (HTV-2) Flight Demonstration Phase|doi=10.2514/6.2008-2539|title=15th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference|year=2008|last1=Walker|first1=Steven|last2=Sherk|first2=Jeffrey|last3=Shell|first3=Dale|last4=Schena|first4=Ronald|last5=Bergmann|first5=John|last6=Gladbach|first6=Jonathan|isbn=978-1-60086-985-3}} [288] => * Luke Arm, a [[DEKA (company)|DEKA]] creation produced under the Revolutionizing Prosthetics program. [289] => * [[MAHEM]]: Molten penetrating munition. [290] => * MEMEX (2014-2017): an online search tool to fight human trafficking crimes on the dark web.{{cite web|url=https://www.darpa.mil/program/memex |title=Memex|access-date= July 8, 2023 }} In 2016, DARPA Memex program received the 2016 Presidential Award for Extraordinary Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons for the development of the anti-trafficking technology tool.{{cite web|url=https://mspoweruser.com/microsoft-principal-researcher-chris-white-receives-2016-presidential-award/ |title=Combating Trafficking in Persons|date=25 October 2016 |access-date= July 8, 2023 }} The program was named and inspired by the [[memex|Vannevar Bush]]'s hypothetical device described in his 1945 article. [291] => * [[MeshWorm]]: an earthworm-like robot.{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/08/13/meshworm_darpa_mit_robot_a_sluggish_breakthrough_in_soft_robotics.html |title=Meshworm: DARPA, MIT robot a sluggish breakthrough in soft robotics |work=Slate Magazine |date=13 August 2012 |access-date=7 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707224301/http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/08/13/meshworm_darpa_mit_robot_a_sluggish_breakthrough_in_soft_robotics.html |archive-date=7 July 2015 }} [292] => * [[Mind's Eye (US Military)|Mind's Eye]]: A visual intelligence system capable of detecting and analyzing activity from video feeds.{{cite news |title=DARPA Kicks Off Mind's Eye program |url=http://www.darpa.mil/news/2011/MindsEyeNewsRelease.pdf |publisher=Darpa.mil |date=2011-01-04 |access-date=2010-01-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124155519/http://www.darpa.mil/news/2011/MindsEyeNewsRelease.pdf |archive-date=2011-01-24 }} [293] => * [[MOSIS]] [294] => * [[MQ-1 Predator]] [295] => * [[Multics]] [296] => * [[Next Generation Tactical Wearable Night Vision]]: Smaller and lighter sunglass-sized night vision devices that can switch between different viewing bands.[http://kitup.military.com/2014/09/military-generation-night-vision.html Military Wants Next Generation Night Vision Goggles] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103204554/http://kitup.military.com/2014/09/military-generation-night-vision.html |date=2014-11-03 }} – Kitup.Military.com, 30 September 2014[http://archive.armytimes.com/article/20141012/NEWS04/310120010/Next-gen-night-vision-would-enable-troops-see-farther-clearer Next-gen night vision would enable troops to see farther, clearer] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20141126203246/http://archive.armytimes.com/article/20141012/NEWS04/310120010/Next-gen-night-vision-would-enable-troops-see-farther-clearer |date=2014-11-26 }} – Armytimes.com, 12 October 2014 [297] => * [[NLS (computer system)|NLS/Augment]]: the origin of the canonical contemporary computer user interface [298] => * [[Northrop Grumman Switchblade]]: an unmanned oblique-wing flying aircraft for high speed, long range and long endurance flight [299] => * [[DARPA One Shot|One Shot]]: Sniper scope that automatically measures crosswind and range to ensure accuracy in field conditions.[http://kitup.military.com/2014/02/darpa-develops-mountable-shot.html DARPA Develops Mountable One Shot Sniper System] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220211440/http://kitup.military.com/2014/02/darpa-develops-mountable-shot.html |date=2014-12-20 }} – Kitup.Military.com, 8 February 2014 [300] => * [[Onion routing]], a technique developed in the mid-1990s and later employed by [[Tor (network)|Tor]] to anonymize communications over a [[computer network]]. [301] => * [[Passive radar]]{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} [302] => * [[DARPA Phoenix program|Phoenix]]: A 2012–early-2015 satellite project with the aim to recycle retired satellite parts into new on-orbit assets. The project was initiated in July 2012 with plans for system launches no earlier than 2016.{{cite news|last=Ferster|first=Warren|title=DARPA Cancels Formation-flying Satellite Demo|url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/military-space/35375darpa-cancels-formation-flying-satellite-demo|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131101223116/http://www.spacenews.com/article/military-space/35375darpa-cancels-formation-flying-satellite-demo|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 1, 2013|access-date=2013-11-01|newspaper=Space News|date=2013-05-17}}{{cite magazine|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/awx_01_23_2013_p0-540178.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501165324/http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=%2Farticle-xml%2Fawx_01_23_2013_p0-540178.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-05-01 |title=Darpa Touts Progress On GEO Satellite Recycling Concept |magazine=Aviation Week |date=2013-01-23 |author=Graham Warwick |access-date=2013-01-25 }} At the time, [[Satlet]] tests in low Earth orbit were projected to occur as early as 2015.{{cite news |last=Gruss|first=Mike |title=DARPA Space Budget Increase Includes M for Spaceplane |url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/military-space/39938darpa-space-budget-increase-includes-27m-for-spaceplane |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140324034149/http://www.spacenews.com/article/military-space/39938darpa-space-budget-increase-includes-27m-for-spaceplane |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 24, 2014 |access-date=2014-03-24 |newspaper=Space News |date=2014-03-21}}{{update after|2017|8|1}} [303] => * [[Policy Analysis Market]], evaluating the trading of information futures contracts based on possible political developments in several Middle Eastern countries. An application of [[prediction markets]].{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/us/threats-responses-plans-criticisms-pentagon-prepares-futures-market-terror.html|title=THREATS AND RESPONSES: PLANS AND CRITICISMS; Pentagon Prepares A Futures Market On Terror Attacks|first=Carl|last=Hulse|date=29 July 2003|newspaper=The New York Times}}{{cite web| last=Lundin|first=Leigh |title=Pam, Prism, and Poindexter| url=http://www.sleuthsayers.org/2013/07/pam-prism-and-poindexter.html |work=Spying| publisher=SleuthSayers |access-date=January 4, 2014| date=July 7, 2013 |location=Washington}}{{cite web|url=http://www.sirc.org/articles/policy_analysis.shtml|title=Policy Analysis Market and the Political Yuck.|website=www.sirc.org}} [304] => * [[POSSE project|POSSE]] [305] => * [[Project AGILE]], a [[Vietnam War]]-era investigation into methods of remote, [[asymmetric warfare]] for use in conflicts with [[Communist]] insurgents. [306] => * [[Project MAC]] [307] => * [[Proto 2]]: a thought-controlled prosthetic arm [308] => * Rapid Knowledge Formation{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} [309] => * [[Sea Shadow]] [310] => * [[SIMNET]]: Wide area network with vehicle simulators and displays for real-time distributed combat simulation: tanks, helicopters and airplanes in a virtual battlefield. [311] => * [[System F6]]—''Future, Fast, Flexible, [[Fractionated Spacecraft|Fractionated Free-flying Spacecraft]] United by Information Exchange''—technology demonstrator: a 2006–2012 [312] => * I3 (Intelligent Integration of Information),{{cite web|url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/theo-6/web-agent/www/i3.html |title=I3 Initiative Home Page |access-date=7 July 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212013/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/theo-6/web-agent/www/i3.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 }} supported the [[Digital Library]] research effort through [[National Science Foundation|NSF]] [313] => * Strategic Computing Program [314] => * Synthetic Aperture Ladar for Tactical Applications (SALTI) [315] => * [[XOS 2|XOS]]: powered military exoskeleton $226 million technology development program. Cancelled in 2013 before the notionally planned 2015 launch date. [316] => * [[SURAN]] (1983–87) [317] => * [[Project Vela]] (1963) [318] => * [[UAVForge]] (2011){{cite news|url=http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2011/2011/05/25_CAN_YOU_DESIGN,_BUILD_AND_FLY_THE_NEXT-GENERATION_UAV_.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529094352/http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2011/2011/05/25_CAN_YOU_DESIGN%2C_BUILD_AND_FLY_THE_NEXT-GENERATION_UAV_.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-05-29 |title=CAN YOU DESIGN, BUILD AND FLY THE NEXT-GENERATION UAV? |publisher=Darpa.mil |date=2011-05-25 |access-date=2011-07-14 }} [319] => * Vertical Take-Off and Landing Experimental Aircraft ([[VTOL X-Plane]]) (2013) [320] => {{cite news|last=Ackerman |first=Spencer |title=Darpa Wants to Rethink the Helicopter to Make It Go Way Faster |url=https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2013/02/darpa-vtol-x/ |access-date=2013-02-26 |newspaper=Wired |date=2013-02-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226220538/http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2013/02/darpa-vtol-x/ |archive-date=2013-02-26 }} [321] => * [[Viet Cong Motivation and Morale Project]] (1964-1968) [322] => * [[DARPA Vulture|Vulture]]: Long endurance, high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle. [323] => * [[VLSI Project]] (1978) – Its offspring include [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD Unix]], the [[RISC]] processor concept, many [[Computer-aided design|CAD]] tools still in use today.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} [324] => * [[Walrus HULA]]: high-capacity, long range cargo airship. [325] => * [[Wireless Network after Next]] (WNaN), advanced tactical [[mobile ad hoc network]] [326] => * WolfPack (2010){{cite news|url=http://www.darpa.mil/STO/strategic/wolfpack.html |title=STO: WolfPack |publisher=Darpa.mil |agency=Strategic Technology Office |access-date=2010-04-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304071137/http://www.darpa.mil/STO/strategic/wolfpack.html |archive-date=4 March 2010 }} [327] => * [[DARPA XDATA|XDATA]]: Processing and analyzing vast amounts of information. (2012){{cite web|url=http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/I2O/Programs/XDATA.aspx |title=XDATA |date=8 May 2012 |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508230527/http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/I2O/Programs/XDATA.aspx |archive-date=8 May 2012 }} [328] => * [[Rockwell-MBB X-31]] [329] => * [[Grumman X-29]] [330] => {{div col end}} [331] => [332] => ==Notable fiction== [333] => [334] => [339] => [340] => DARPA is well known as a high-tech government agency, and as such has many appearances in popular fiction. Some realistic references to DARPA in fiction are as "ARPA" in ''[[Tom Swift]] and the Visitor from Planet X'' (DARPA consults on a technical threat),Victor Appleton II, 1961. [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17985/17985-h/17985-h.htm ''Tom Swift and the Visitor from Planet X''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215836/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17985/17985-h/17985-h.htm |date=2007-09-26 }}, originally published by Grosset & Dunlap of New York, now re-published by Project Gutenberg. ARPA is referred to on [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17985/17985-h/17985-h.htm#chap_8 page 68] published 1961 in episodes of television program ''[[The West Wing]]'' (the ARPA-DARPA distinction), the television program ''[[Numb3rs]]'',''Numb3ers'', [http://www.cbs.com/primetime/ncis_los_angeles/recaps/105/recaps.php?season=1 Season 1, Episode 5] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325095828/http://www.cbs.com/primetime/ncis_los_angeles/recaps/105/recaps.php?season=1 |date=2010-03-25 }}, and [http://www.math.cornell.edu/~numb3rs/spulido/Numb3rs_season5/Numb3rs_517.html Season 5, Episode 17] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513021858/http://www.math.cornell.edu/~numb3rs/spulido/Numb3rs_season5/Numb3rs_517.html |date=2010-05-13 }} and the Netflix film ''[[Spectral]]''.{{cite web|last=Robinson|first=Tasha|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/9/13902914/spectral-review-netflix-aliens-sci-fi-movie-nic-mathieu|title=Spectral review: Netflix's new movie is Gears of War meets Aliens, on the cheap|website=[[The Verge]]|date=December 9, 2016|access-date=September 14, 2020}} [341] => [342] => ==See also== [343] => {{Portal|United States|Virginia}} [344] => * [[Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center]] (NWC) [345] => * [[Air Force Research Laboratory]] (AFRL) [346] => * [[ARPA-E|Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy]] (ARPA-E) [347] => * [[Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health]] (ARPA-H) [348] => * [[ARPA-I|Advanced Research Projects Agency–Infrastructure]] (ARPA-I) [349] => * [[Engineer Research and Development Center]] (ERDC) [350] => * [[HSARPA|Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (HSARPA) [351] => * [[Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity]] (IARPA) [352] => *[[Joint European Disruptive Initiative]] (JEDI) [353] => * [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] (LBNL or LBL) [354] => * [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL) [355] => * [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] (LANL) [356] => * [[Marine Corps Combat Development Command]] (MCCDC) [357] => * [[Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake]] (NAWS) [358] => * [[Naval Research Laboratory]] (NRL) [359] => * [[Office of Naval Research]] (ONR) [360] => * [[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]] (PNNL) [361] => * [[Sandia National Laboratories]] (SNL) [362] => * [[United States Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center]] (ARDEC) [363] => * [[United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command]] (RDECOM) [364] => * [[United States Army Research Laboratory]] (ARL) [365] => * [[United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory]] (MCWL) [366] => [367] => ==References== [368] => {{reflist}} [369] => [370] => ==Further reading== [371] => * ''[https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a154363.pdf The Advanced Research Projects Agency, 1958-1974] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822174359/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a154363.pdf |date=2019-08-22 }}'', Barber Associates, December 1975. [372] => * ''[https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a241725.pdf DARPA Technical Accomplishments: 1958-1990] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822174403/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a241725.pdf |date=2019-08-22 }}'', Volumes 1–3, Richard H. Van Atta, Sidney G. Reed, Seymour J. Deitchman, et al., [[Institute for Defense Analyses]], January 1990 - March 1991. [373] => * {{cite book |last=Belfiore |first=Michael |title=The Department of Mad Scientists: How DARPA Is Remaking Our World, from the Internet to Artificial Limbs |publisher=Harper |date=2009 |isbn=9780061577932 |oclc=310399265 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/departmentofmads00belf }} [[William Saletan]] writes of Belfiore's book that "His tone is reverential and at times breathless, but he captures the agency's essential virtues: boldness, creativity, agility, practicality and speed." ({{cite news |last=Saletan |first=William |title=The Body Electric |date=December 24, 2009 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/27/books/review/Saletan-t.html }}) [374] => * Castell, Manuel, ''The Network Society: A Cross-cultural Perspective'', Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, UK, 2004. [375] => * [[Annie Jacobsen|Jacobsen, Annie]], {{cite book|title=The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top-Secret Military Research Agency|publisher=Little, Brown and Company |date=2015|isbn=978-0316371766|oclc=900012161}} [376] => * {{Cite book |last1=Norberg |first1=Arthur Lawrence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3lQAAAAMAAJ |title=Transforming Computer Technology: Information Processing for the Pentagon, 1962-1986 |last2=O'Neill |first2=Judy Elizabeth |last3=Freedman |first3=Kerry J. |date=1996 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-0-8018-5152-0 |language=en}} [377] => * {{cite book|last1=Sargent| first1=John F. Jr. |title=Defense Science and Technology Funding|date=February 21, 2018|publisher=Congressional Research Service|location=Washington, DC|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R45110.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605180935/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R45110.pdf |archive-date=2018-06-05 |url-status=live|access-date=26 March 2018}} [378] => * {{cite magazine |first=John |last=Sedgwick |date=August 1991 |title=The Men from DARPA |magazine=[[Playboy (magazine)|Playboy]] |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=108–109, 122, 154–156}} [379] => * [[Sharon Weinberger|Weinberger, Sharon]], ''The Imagineers of War: The Untold Story of DARPA, the Pentagon Agency that Changed the World'', New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2017, {{ISBN|9780385351799}}. [380] => [381] => ==External links== [382] => {{Commons}} [383] => * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200115130051/https://www.darpa.mil/ DARPA Home Page] [384] => * [https://web.archive.org/web/19990508155220/http://www.darpa.org/ www.darpa.org], [[List_of_the_oldest_currently_registered_Internet_domain_names#.org|8 May 1999]] [385] => * [http://www.darpa.mil/our-research Ongoing Research Programs] [386] => * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130712233031/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/Science_and_Technology/DARPA/ Declassified DARPA documents], OSD & Joint Staff FOIA Service [387] => * [http://mipt.ru/education/chairs/theor_cybernetics/government/upload/3af/Program_darpa2015_rus.pdf DARPA FY2015 Research Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123170723/http://mipt.ru/education/chairs/theor_cybernetics/government/upload/3af/Program_darpa2015_rus.pdf |date=2020-11-23 }} [388] => *[https://www.darpa.mil/attachments/DARPA2015.pdf Breakthrough Technologies for National Security DARPA March 2015] (approved for public release, distribution unlimited) [389] => [390] => {{DARPA}} [391] => {{DOD agencies}} [392] => {{US research agencies}} [393] => {{United States government agencies involved in environmental science}} [394] => {{Dwight D. Eisenhower}} [395] => {{Authority control}} [396] => [397] => [[Category:DARPA| ]] [398] => [[Category:1958 establishments in Virginia]] [399] => [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] [400] => [[Category:Collier Trophy recipients]] [401] => [[Category:Corporate spin-offs]] [402] => [[Category:Government agencies established in 1958]] [403] => [[Category:Life sciences industry]] [404] => [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1958]] [405] => [[Category:Research and development in the United States]] [406] => [[Category:Research projects]] [407] => [[Category:United States Department of Defense agencies]] [] => )
good wiki

DARPA

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development and implementation of new technologies for military use. Established in 1958, DARPA's mission is to maintain America's technological edge by funding and leading high-risk, high-reward research projects.

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Established in 1958, DARPA's mission is to maintain America's technological edge by funding and leading high-risk, high-reward research projects. DARPA's research spans a wide range of fields, including but not limited to computer science, mathematics, engineering, biology, and social sciences. The agency's projects have resulted in numerous groundbreaking innovations, such as the creation of the internet, global positioning systems (GPS), voice-recognition technology, and advanced prosthetics. DARPA operates under a unique model, where it solicits proposals for research projects from academic institutions, private companies, and individuals from around the world. It funds those projects that have the potential to provide significant advancements in defense capabilities, even if they may carry a high risk of failure. The agency has a strong focus on fostering collaborations between researchers from different disciplines and organizations to tackle complex and ambitious objectives. DARPA's programs are often characterized by tight deadlines and challenging goals, encouraging rapid prototyping and experimentation. DARPA has played a crucial role in shaping the technological landscape not only for the military but also for the civilian world. Its investments in cutting-edge research have led to the development of technologies and systems that have transformed various industries and aspects of everyday life. Despite the agency's primary focus on military applications, DARPA also contributes to advancements in other areas, such as healthcare, transportation, and communications. By pushing the boundaries of scientific and technological understanding, DARPA continues to influence and shape the future through its pursuit of revolutionary and disruptive innovations.

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