Array ( [0] => {{Short description|Heather family of flowering plants}} [1] => {{Distinguish|Arecaceae}} [2] => {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}} [3] => {{automatic taxobox [4] => | image = Leptecophylla juniperina 2.jpg [5] => | image_caption = ''[[Leptecophylla juniperina]]'' [6] => | taxon = Ericaceae [7] => | authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] [8] => | type_genus = ''[[Erica (plant)|Erica]]'' [9] => | type_genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] [10] => | diversity_link = List of Ericaceae genera [11] => | diversity = Over 120 genera [12] => | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies [13] => | subdivision = [14] => *[[Enkianthoideae]] [15] => *[[Pyroloideae]] [16] => *[[Monotropoideae]] [17] => *[[Arbutoideae]] [18] => *[[Cassiopoideae]] [19] => *[[Ericoideae]] [20] => *[[Harrimanelloideae]] [21] => *[[Epacridoideae]] (Styphelioideae) [22] => *[[Vaccinioideae]] [23] => }} [24] => [25] => The '''Ericaceae''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛr|ɪ|ˈ|k|eɪ|s|i|.|aɪ|,_|-|iː}}) are a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s, commonly known as the '''heath''' or '''heather family''', found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.{{nbsp}}4250 known species spread across 124 genera,{{cite journal | author = Christenhusz, M. J. M. | author2 = Byng, J. W. | name-list-style = amp | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | doi-access = free }} making it the 14th most species-rich family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the [[cranberry]], [[blueberry]], [[huckleberry]], [[rhododendron]] (including [[azalea]]s), and various common heaths and heathers (''[[Erica (plant)|Erica]]'', ''[[Cassiope]]'', ''[[Daboecia]]'', and ''[[Calluna]]'' for example). [26] => [27] => ==Description== [28] => The Ericaceae contain a morphologically diverse range of taxa, including [[Herbaceous plant|herb]]s, [[chamaephyte|dwarf shrubs]], [[shrub]]s, and [[tree]]s. Their leaves are usually [[evergreen]],{{cite book |last1=Patterson |first1=Patricia A. |title=Field Guide to the Forest Plants of Northern Idaho |date=1985 |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service |pages=37–47}} alternate or whorled, simple and without [[stipule]]s. Their flowers are [[Plant sexuality#Individual plant sexuality|hermaphrodite]] and show considerable variability. The [[petal]]s are often fused ([[sympetalous]]) with shapes ranging from narrowly tubular to funnelform or widely urn-shaped. The [[corolla (flower)|corollas]] are usually [[radially symmetrical]] ([[actinomorphic]]) and urn-shaped, but many flowers of the genus ''Rhododendron'' are somewhat [[bilaterally symmetrical]] ([[zygomorphic]]). Anthers open by pores.{{Cite web | url=http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/phylo_eric.htm | title=Flowering Plant Families, UH Botany}} [29] => [30] => == Taxonomy == [31] => [[Michel Adanson]] used the term Vaccinia to describe a similar family, but {{lang|fr|italics=no|[[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu]]}} first used the term Ericaceae. The name comes from the type genus ''[[Erica (plant)|Erica]]'', which appears to be derived from the Greek word {{transliteration|grc|ereíkē}} ({{lang|grc|[[wikt:ἐρείκη|ἐρείκη]]}}). The exact meaning is difficult to interpret, but some sources show it as meaning 'heather'. The name may have been used informally to refer to the plants before [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaean]] times, and simply been formalised when Linnaeus described ''Erica'' in 1753, and then again when Jussieu described the Ericaceae in 1789. [32] => [33] => Historically, the Ericaceae included both subfamilies and tribes. In 1971, Stevens, who outlined the history from 1876 and in some instances 1839, recognised six subfamilies (Rhododendroideae, [[Ericoideae]], [[Vaccinioideae]], [[Pyroloideae]], [[Monotropoideae]], and Wittsteinioideae), and further subdivided four of the subfamilies into tribes, the Rhododendroideae having seven tribes (Bejarieae, Rhodoreae, Cladothamneae, Epigaeae, Phyllodoceae, and Diplarcheae).{{sfnp|Stevens|1971}} Within tribe Rhodoreae, five genera were described, ''[[Rhododendron]]'' L. (including ''Azalea'' L. pro parte), ''Therorhodion'' Small, ''[[Ledum]]'' L., ''Tsusiophyllum'' Max., ''[[Menziesia]]'' J. E. Smith, that were eventually transferred into ''Rhododendron'', along with Diplarche from the monogeneric tribe Diplarcheae. [34] => [35] => In 2002, systematic research resulted in the inclusion of the formerly recognised families Empetraceae, Epacridaceae, Monotropaceae, Prionotaceae, and Pyrolaceae into the Ericaceae based on a combination of molecular, morphological, anatomical, and embryological data, analysed within a [[phylogenetic]] framework. The move significantly increased the morphological and geographical range found within the group. One possible classification of the resulting family includes 9 subfamilies, 126 genera, and about 4000 species: [36] => [37] => *[[Enkianthoideae]] Kron, Judd & Anderberg (one genus, 16 species) [38] => *[[Pyroloideae]] Kosteltsky (4 genera, 40 species) [39] => *[[Monotropoideae]] Arnott (10 genera, 15 species) [40] => *[[Arbutoideae]] Niedenzu (up to six genera, about 80 species) [41] => *[[Cassiopoideae]] Kron & Judd (one genus, 12 species) [42] => *[[Ericoideae]] Link (19 genera, 1790 species) [43] => *[[Harrimanelloideae]] Kron & Judd (one species) [44] => *[[Epacridoideae]] Arn. (=Styphelioideae Sweet) (35 genera, 545 species) [45] => *[[Vaccinioideae]] Arnott (50 genera, 1580 species) [46] => [47] => === Genera === [48] => :See the full list at [[List of Ericaceae genera]]. [49] => [50] => [[File:Daboecia cantabrica1373917974.jpg|alt=Hot pink flowers with 5 fused petals in a bell shape, covered in slight fuzz and emerging from a branching inflorescence.|thumb|Flowers of ''[[Daboecia cantabrica]]'', showing the typical fused, bell-shaped corolla]] [51] => [52] => == Distribution and ecology == [53] => The Ericaceae have a nearly worldwide distribution. They are absent from continental [[Antarctica]], parts of the high [[Arctic]], central [[Greenland]], northern and central [[Australia]], and much of the lowland [[tropics]] and [[neotropics]].{{Cite web |title=Ericales |url=https://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/ericalesweb.htm#Ericaceae |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=www.mobot.org}} [54] => [55] => The family is largely composed of plants that can tolerate acidic, infertile, shady conditions.{{Cite web |title=Ericacea (Heath) Family and Their Culture |url=https://extension.psu.edu/ericacea-heath-family-and-their-culture |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=extension.psu.edu |language=en}} Due to their tolerance of acidic conditions, this plant family is also typical of peat [[bog]]s and blanket bogs; examples include ''[[Rhododendron groenlandicum]]'' and species in the genus ''[[Kalmia]]''.{{Cite web |title=Maine Natural Areas Program, Natural Community Fact Sheet for Subalpine Hanging Bog |url=https://www.maine.gov/dacf/mnap/features/communities/heathlichen.htm |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=www.maine.gov}} In eastern [[North America]], members of this family often grow in association with an [[oak]] canopy, in a habitat known as an [[oak-heath forest]].{{Cite web |title=Oak / Heath Forest |url=https://wvdnr.gov/outdoor-recreation/plants-fungi/oak-heath-forest/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=West Virginia Division of Natural Resources |language=en-US}} Plants in Ericaceae, especially species in ''[[Vaccinium]]'', rely on [[buzz pollination]] for successful pollination to occur.{{Cite journal |last1=Moquet |first1=Laura |last2=Bruyère |first2=Lydiane |last3=Pirard |first3=Benoit |last4=Jacquemart |first4=Anne-Laure |date=October 2017 |title=Nectar foragers contribute to the pollination of buzz-pollinated plant species |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=104 |issue=10 |pages=1451–1463 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1700090 |issn=1537-2197 |pmid=29885226|doi-access=free }} [56] => [57] => The majority of ornamental species from ''Rhododendron'' are native to [[East Asia]], but most varieties cultivated today are hybrids.{{Cite web |title=Native Rhododendrons & Azaleas of North America |url=http://rhodyman.net/Natives.html |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=rhodyman.net}}{{Cite web |title=Hybrid Rhododendron |url=http://www.rhodyman.net/rhodyhy.html |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=www.rhodyman.net}} Most rhododendrons grown in the United States are cultivated in the [[Pacific Northwest]]. The United States is the top producer of both blueberries and cranberries, with the state of Maine growing the majority of [[Vaccinium angustifolium|lowbush blueberry]].{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=World Blueberry Production by Country |url=https://www.atlasbig.com/en-us/countries-blueberry-production |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=AtlasBig |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=World Cranberry Production by Country |url=https://www.atlasbig.com/en-us/countries-cranberry-production |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=AtlasBig |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Blueberries |url=https://www.maine.gov/doe/sites/maine.gov.doe/files/inline-files/Blueberries.pdf |website=Maine DOE}} The wide distribution of genera within Ericaceae has led to situations in which there are both American and European plants with the same name - for example, blueberry: ''[[Vaccinium corymbosum]]'' in North America, and ''[[Vaccinium myrtillus]]'' in Europe; and cranberry: ''[[Vaccinium macrocarpon]]'' in America, and ''[[Vaccinium oxycoccos]]'' in Europe. [58] => [59] => === Mycorrhizal relationships === [60] => {{Main|Ericoid mycorrhiza}} [61] => [62] => Like other stress-tolerant plants, many Ericaceae have [[mycorrhiza]]l [[fungi]] to assist with extracting nutrients from infertile [[soil]]s, as well as evergreen foliage to conserve absorbed nutrients.{{Cite web |title=Department od Mycorrhizal Symbioses |url=https://www.ibot.cas.cz/mykosym/en_eric.html |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=www.ibot.cas.cz}} This trait is not found in the [[Clethraceae]] and [[Cyrillaceae]], the two families most closely related to the Ericaceae. Most Ericaceae (excluding the Monotropoideae, and some Epacridoideae) form a distinctive accumulation of [[Ericoid mycorrhiza|mycorrhizae]], in which fungi grow in and around the roots and provide the plant with nutrients. The [[Pyroloideae]] are [[mixotrophic]] and gain sugars from the mycorrhizae, as well as nutrients.{{Cite journal |last1=Lallemand |first1=Félix |last2=Puttsepp |first2=Ülle |last3=Lang |first3=Mait |last4=Luud |first4=Aarne |last5=Courty |first5=Pierre-Emmanuel |last6=Palancade |first6=Cécile |last7=Selosse |first7=Marc-André |date=September 2017 |title=Mixotrophy in Pyroleae (Ericaceae) from Estonian boreal forests does not vary with light or tissue age |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=120 |issue=3 |pages=361–371 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcx054 |issn=0305-7364 |pmc=5591414 |pmid=28575199}} [63] => [64] => The cultivation of blueberries, cranberries, and [[Gaultheria procumbens|wintergreen]] for their fruit and oils relies especially on these unique relationships with fungi, as a healthy mycorrhizal network in the soil helps the plants to resist environmental stresses that might otherwise damage crop yield.{{Cite web |title=Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi & Cranberry: Mutualisms with Potential – Wisconsin Fruit |url=https://fruit.wisc.edu/2021/06/29/ericoid-mycorrhizal-fungi-cranberry-mutualisms-with-potential/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=fruit.wisc.edu |language=en-US}} Ericoid mycorrhizae are responsible for a high rate of uptake of nitrogen, which causes naturally low levels of free nitrogen in ericoid soils.{{Cite journal |last=Fagúndez |first=Jaime |date=February 2013 |title=Heathlands confronting global change: drivers of biodiversity loss from past to future scenarios |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=111 |issue=2 |pages=151–172 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcs257 |issn=0305-7364 |pmc=3555525 |pmid=23223202}} These mycorrhizal fungi may also increase the tolerance of Ericaceae to [[heavy metals]] in soil, and may cause plants to grow faster by producing [[phytohormone]]s.{{Cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Xiangying |last2=Zhang |first2=Wenbing |last3=Zulfiqar |first3=Faisal |last4=Zhang |first4=Chunying |last5=Chen |first5=Jianjun |date=2022 |title=Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as biostimulants for improving propagation and production of ericaceous plants |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.1027390 |issn=1664-462X |doi-access=free |pmid=36466284 |pmc=9709444 }} [65] => [66] => === Heathlands === [67] => [68] => {{Main|Heath}} [69] => [70] => In many parts of the world, a "[[heath]]" or "heathland" is an environment characterised by an open dwarf-[[shrub]] community found on low-quality acidic soils, generally dominated by plants in Ericaceae. Heathlands are a broadly anthropogenic habitat, requiring regular grazing or burning to prevent succession.{{Cite web |title=Heathland {{!}} Wildlife Watch |url=https://www.wildlifewatch.org.uk/animal-habitats/heathland |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=www.wildlifewatch.org.uk |language=en}} Heaths are particularly abundant - and constitute important cultural elements - in Norway, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Portugal, and other countries in Central and Western Europe.{{Citation |last1=Loidi |first1=Javier |title=Heathlands of Temperate and Boreal Europe |date=2020-01-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124095489120780 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes |pages=656–668 |editor-last=Goldstein |editor-first=Michael I. |access-date=2023-12-04 |place=Oxford |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-12-816097-8 |last2=de Blust |first2=Geert |last3=Campos |first3=Juan Antonio |last4=Haveman |first4=Rense |last5=Janssen |first5=John |editor2-last=DellaSala |editor2-first=Dominick A.}} The most common examples of plants in Ericaceae which dominate heathlands are ''[[Calluna vulgaris]]'', ''[[Erica cinerea|Erica cineria]]'', ''[[Erica tetralix]]'', and ''[[Vaccinium myrtillus]].''{{Cite web |title=Heathland Plants |url=https://www.surreywildlifetrust.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/TBH-Heathland-Plant-Spotter-2-Pager.pdf |website=Surrey Wildlife Trust}}{{Cite web |title=Heathland and Moorland |url=https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/trees-woods-and-wildlife/habitats/heathland-and-moorland/ |website=Woodland Trust}} [71] => [72] => In heathland, plants in Ericaceae serve as host plants to the butterfly ''[[Plebejus argus]]''.{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=C. D. |date=1985-08-01 |title=Specializations and polyphagy of ''Plebejus argus'' (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in North Wales |journal=Ecological Entomology |language=en |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=325–340 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2311.1985.tb00729.x |issn=1365-2311 |s2cid=86813755}} Other insects, such as ''[[Saturnia pavonia]]'', ''[[Myrmeleotettix maculatus]]'', ''[[Metrioptera brachyptera]]'', and ''[[Picromerus bidens]]'' are closely associated with heathland environments.{{Cite web |title=Heathland invertebrates and reptiles |url=http://www.natureconservationimaging.com/Pages/nature_conservation_imaging_heathland1_invertebrates_reptiles.php |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=www.natureconservationimaging.com}} Reptiles thrive in heaths due to an abundance of sunlight and prey, and birds hunt the insects and reptiles which are present. [73] => [74] => Some evidence suggests [[eutrophic]] rainwater can convert ericoid heaths with species such as ''Erica tetralix'' to [[grassland]]s. [[Nitrogen]] is particularly suspect in this regard, and may be causing measurable changes to the distribution and abundance of some ericaceous species. [75] => ==References== [76] => {{reflist|1=2|refs= [77] => {{Cite journal |author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free|hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }} [78] => [79] => Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/ericalesweb.htm#Ericaceae Ericaceae]". ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''. Retrieved 29 December 2014. [80] => [81] => {{cite journal |last=Craven |first=L.A. |title=''Diplarche'' and ''Menziesia'' transferred to ''Rhododendron'' (''Ericaceae'') |journal=Blumea |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=33–35 |date=April 2011 |doi=10.3767/000651911X568594 |url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/566126}} [82] => [83] => {{cite book |last=Jussieu |first=A.-L. de |date=1789 |title=Genera plantarum ordines naturales disposita |pages=159–160 |publisher=Herissant & Barrois |location=Paris}} [84] => [85] => {{cite journal |title=Phylogenetic relationships within the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae) based on sequence data from MATK and nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, with comments on the placement of ''Satyria'' |first1=Kathleen A. |last1=Kron |first2=E. Ann |last2=Powell |first3=J.L. |last3=Luteyn |journal=American Journal of Botany |year=2002 |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=327–336 |doi=10.3732/ajb.89.2.327| pmid = 21669741 |name-list-style=amp}} [86] => [87] => {{cite journal |title=Phylogenetic Classification of Ericaceae: Molecular and Morphological Evidence |last1=Kron |first1=K.A. |last2=Judd |first2=W.S. |last3=Stevens |first3=P.F. |last4=Crayn |first4=D.M. |last5=Anderberg |first5=A.A. |last6=Gadek |first6=P.A. |last7=Quinn |first7=C.J. |last8=Luteyn |first8=J.L. |journal=The Botanical Review |date=2002 |volume=68 |pages=335–423 |issue=3 |doi=10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0335:pcoema]2.0.co;2 |s2cid=35699816 |name-list-style=amp}} [88] => [89] => {{cite web |last1=Watson |first1=L. |last2=Dallwitz |first2=M.J. |date=19 August 2014 |title=Ericaceae Juss. |work=The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval |url=http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ericacea.htm |access-date=30 December 2014 |name-list-style=amp}} [90] => }} [91] => [92] => == Bibliography == [93] => * {{cite journal |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=A classification of the Ericaceae: subfamilies and tribes |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=1–53 |date=1971 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1971.tb02133.x }} [94] => * {{cite journal |first1=Steve |last1=Cafferty |first2=Charles E. |last2=Jarvis |title=Typification of Linnaean Plant Names in Ericaceae |journal=Taxon |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=751–753 |date=November 2002 |jstor=1555030 |doi=10.2307/1555030}} [95] => * {{cite book |last1=Stevens |first1=P.F. |last2=Luteyn |first2=J. |last3=Oliver |first3=E.G.H. |last4=Bell |first4=T.L. |last5=Brown |first5=E.A. |last6=Crowden |first6=R.K. |last7=George |first7=A.S. |last8=Jordan |first8=G.J. |last9=Ladd |first9=P. |last10=Lemson |first10=K. |last11=McLean |first11=C.B. |last12=Menadue |first12=Y. |last13=Pate |first13=J.S. |last14=Stace |first14=H.M. |last15=Weiller |first15=C.M. |year=2004 |chapter=Ericaceae |editor-last=Kubitzki |editor-first=K. |title=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales |series=The families and genera of vascular plants |volume=6 |pages=145–194 |publisher=Springer |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-tHGAaaf2cC&pg=PA145 |isbn=9783540065128}} [96] => [97] => ==External links== [98] => {{Commons category|Ericaceae}} [99] => {{Wikispecies}} [100] => * [http://www.theplantlist.org/browse/A/Ericaceae/ Ericaceae] at [http://www.theplantlist.org ''The Plant List''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523171514/http://www.theplantlist.org/ |date=23 May 2019 }} [101] => * [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ericacea.htm Ericaceae], [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/epacrida.htm Epacridaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011032426/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/epacrida.htm |date=11 October 2012 }}, [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/empetrac.htm Empetraceae], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121010050931/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/monotrop.htm Monotropaceae], and [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/pyrolace.htm Pyrolaceae] at [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ ''The Families of Flowering Plants (DELTA)''] [102] => * [http://eol.org/pages/4269/overview Ericaceae] at the [http://eol.org/ ''Encyclopedia of Life''] [103] => * [http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APweb/orders/ericalesweb.htm#Ericaceae Ericaceae] at the [http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APweb/ ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website''] [104] => * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10316 Ericaceae] at the online [http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 ''Flora of North America''] [105] => * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10316 Ericaceae] at the online [http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2 ''Flora of China''] [106] => * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=10316 Ericaceae] at the online [http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=5 ''Flora of Pakistan''] [107] => * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=60&taxon_id=10316 Ericaceae] at the online [http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=60 ''Flora of Chile''] [108] => * [http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_16c46185-ad3b-4db4-86b3-fd283d59f582&fileName=Flora%201.xml Epacridaceae] at the online [http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx ''Flora of New Zealand''] [109] => * [http://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/browse/profile.php/22885 Epacridaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704115033/http://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/ |date=4 July 2013 }} at the online [http://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/ ''Flora of Western Australia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704115033/http://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/ |date=4 July 2013 }} [110] => * [http://www.ericaceae.org/homepage.html Ericaceae] at [http://www.ericaceae.org/ Ericaceae.org] [111] => * [https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/ericaceae.htm ''Ericaceae''] at [https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants] [112] => * [http://www.nybg.org/bsci/res/lut2 Neotropical Blueberries] at the [http://www.nybg.org/ New York Botanical Garden] [113] => [114] => {{Angiosperm families}} [115] => {{Taxonbar|from=Q975872}} [116] => {{Authority control}} [117] => [118] => [[Category:Ericaceae| ]] [119] => [[Category:Ericales families]] [] => )
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Ericaceae

Ericaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes many familiar species such as heathers, cranberries, blueberries, rhododendrons, and azaleas. The family is widespread and diverse, with over 4,000 known species distributed across temperate and alpine regions of the world.

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The family is widespread and diverse, with over 4,000 known species distributed across temperate and alpine regions of the world. Ericaceae plants are typically shrubs or small trees and are known for their evergreen leaves, often with waxy or hairy surfaces. Many species produce showy flowers that are usually urn-shaped, and their fruits are often small berries. Ericaceae plants are well-adapted to acidic soils and are often found in nutrient-poor environments such as bogs and heathlands. Several species have economic and ecological importance, such as commercial crops like blueberries and cranberries, and some are used in traditional medicine. The family Ericaceae is also significant in horticulture and landscaping, with many cultivated varieties of rhododendrons and azaleas being popular garden plants.

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