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The author announced a discussion with U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh on October 16 at 10:30 a.m. (UTC+7), saying it would examine how artificial intelligence and energy shocks were reshaping the global economy and what that meant for central banks, monetary policy and the global outlook.

There is economic value to credibility 1) A credible central bank (CB) needs to tighten less to stabilize inflation after a supply shock. 2) Credibility can buy valuable time for the CB. 3) Credibility prevents each new shock from becoming a referendum on the monetary regime. 5/6 #CentralBank #Credibility #MonetaryPolicy #Nospecificcountrycodesarementionedinthetweet.

🇨🇳 #China | *#PBOC CONVENES MONETARY POLICY COMMITTEE 3Q MEETING - BBG *PBOC: TO MAKE POLICIES MORE TARGETED *PBOC SAYS TO ADJUST MONETARY POLICY TOOLS AS NEEDED *PBOC VOWS TO ADJUST MONETARY POLICY TOOLS IN A TIMELY MANNER *PBOC: ADVANCE IMPROVEMENT OF MONETARY POLICY OP. #PBOC #MonetaryPolicy #ChinaEconomy #CN

AFRICA DAILY REPORT — 24 SEPTEMBER 2026 Major developments reported during the previous 24 hours 1. ETHIOPIA — Renewed war in Tigray shatters the 2022 peace deal Importance: 10/10 — Critical Tigray's regional authorities said their forces had entered a "defensive war" against federal troops after fighting escalated sharply on 23 September. Tigrayan forces seized three airports, including Mekelle, and Ethiopian Airlines suspended flights to the region. The renewed hostilities effectively rupture the Pretoria peace framework that ended the devastating 2020–2022 war and raise the risk of a wider Horn of Africa conflict. Source: Reuters — https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/ethiopias-tigray-region-government-announces-it-has-entered-defensive-war-2026-09-23/ Additional analysis: https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/why-new-war-ethiopias-tigray-threatens-trigger-wider-conflict-2026-09-23/ 2. DR CONGO / CENTRAL AFRICA — U.S. pledges another $267 million for Ebola response Importance: 9.5/10 — Critical The U.S. State Department announced an additional $267 million for the Ebola response, mainly focused on the Democratic Republic of Congo. The new pledge brings the Trump administration's commitment to approximately $886 million. Officials used the UN General Assembly to seek broader international contributions toward a $2 billion response target as the outbreak remains the second most lethal Ebola epidemic on record. Source: Reuters — https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/us-pledges-267-million-more-fight-ebola-central-africa-2026-09-23/ 3. SUDAN — Khartoum rejects U.S. challenge to government's legitimacy Importance: 9/10 — Very High Sudan's foreign ministry rejected U.S. State Department remarks questioning the government's legitimacy and insisted that any peace initiative must respect Sudanese sovereignty, territorial integrity and what it described as legitimate national institutions. The dispute adds another complication to international efforts to negotiate an end to the SAF–RSF war. Source: Reuters — https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/sudan-rejects-us-remarks-questioning-government-legitimacy-2026-09-23/ 4. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC — ICC convicts former Seleka commander Importance: 8.5/10 — Very High The International Criminal Court convicted Mahamat Said Abdel Kani, a former Seleka commander, on four counts of crimes against humanity, including torture. Prosecutors said he helped run a detention centre in Bangui where perceived supporters of former president François Bozizé were beaten and tortured. He is the first former Seleka member convicted by the ICC; sentencing will be determined separately. Source: Reuters — https://www.reuters.com/world/international-criminal-court-convicts-central-african-militia-leader-2026-09-23/ 5. SOUTH AFRICA — Reserve Bank raises policy rate to 7.25% Importance: 8.5/10 — Very High The South African Reserve Bank unanimously raised its policy rate by 25 basis points to 7.25%, its second increase this year. The bank cited sustained price shocks linked to the Iran conflict and raised its near-term inflation forecasts while cutting its 2026 growth forecast to 1.2% from 1.4%. Headline inflation reached 4.4% in August and the bank expects it to exceed 5% later this year. Source: Reuters — https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-central-bank-raises-main-interest-rate-725-2026-09-23/ 6. SOUTH AFRICA — Mass shooting at KwaMakhutha house party kills 11 Importance: 8.5/10 — Very High Three gunmen opened fire at a house party in KwaMakhutha township south of Durban, killing 11 people, including a pregnant woman. Police are investigating the attack. The incident adds to concern over South Africa's exceptionally high levels of violent crime and follows intense public debate over a recent series of killings of women in Gauteng. Source: Associated Press — https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-house-party-shooting-91416626e0cf789bf2f801061bb8b46a 7. GHANA / AFRICAN UNION — Reparations campaign gains diplomatic momentum at UNGA Importance: 7.5/10 — High Ghana's Foreign Minister Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa said Western support for reparatory justice over the trans-Atlantic slave trade is increasing. Ghana, Germany and France co-hosted a UNGA event on the issue. The African Union and CARICOM framework initially prioritizes restitution of looted cultural artifacts, with later stages potentially addressing formal apologies, debt relief and financial compensation. Source: Reuters report — https://wtaq.com/2026/09/23/western-countries-increase-support-for-slavery-reparations-ghana-says/ 8. KENYA / AFRICA — Ruto uses UNGA to challenge international credit-rating system Importance: 7.5/10 — High Kenyan President William Ruto told the UN General Assembly that African economies face disproportionately high financing costs and argued that the international credit-rating architecture penalizes the continent. His intervention forms part of a broader African push at UNGA for reform of international financial institutions and greater representation in global economic governance. Source: People Daily Kenya — https://peopledaily.digital/business/ruto-addresses-un-general-assembly-africa-loses-ksh9-71t-to-unfair-credit-ratings 9. MALI / SAHEL — Families await answers after catastrophic Dioura military attack Importance: 8/10 — High New reporting from Mali highlights the continuing human impact of JNIM's September 10 assault on the Dioura military camp. Families are still seeking information about missing soldiers after one of the most serious attacks on Mali's armed forces in recent years. Earlier reporting indicated that more than 100 soldiers may have been killed, illustrating the continued deterioration of security in the central Sahel. Source: AFP — https://www.afp.com/en/anguish-grips-mali-families-after-military-camp-massacre 10. UGANDA — Public debt rises 14.8% in a year Importance: 7/10 — Significant Uganda's public debt increased by 14.8% in the 12 months to June 2026, driven in part by increased domestic borrowing. The rise is significant for fiscal sustainability and debt-service costs as Uganda prepares for major infrastructure and oil-sector spending while facing broader pressure on its currency and public finances. Source: Reuters — https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/ugandas-public-debt-rises-15-surge-domestic-issuance-2026-09-24/ #Africa #AfricaNews #TopNewsOfAfrica #DRCongo #CentralAfrica #Ebola #EbolaOutbreak #EbolaResponse #PublicHealth #HealthSecurity #HumanitarianAid #UnitedStates #GlobalHealth #SouthAfrica #SouthAfricanReserveBank #SARB #InterestRates #MonetaryPolicy #Inflation #EconomicGrowth #AfricanEconomy #FinancialMarkets #Ethiopia #Tigray #TigrayConflict #PretoriaPeaceAgreement #HornOfAfrica #ArmedConflict #PeaceAndSecurity #RegionalStability #AfricanSecurity #Geopolitics #AfricaToday #wrldorg

🇪🇺 #ECB GOVERNING COUNCIL MEMBER NAGEL SPEAKS IN LE MONDE INTERVIEW *ECB'S NAGEL: MARKETS SEE >95% PROBABILITY OF SEPT. RATE HIKE *NAGEL: MARKETS UNDERSTAND 'RATHER WELL' OUR WAY OF REACTING *NAGEL: CAUTIOUS ABOUT GIVING ANY INDICATION BEYOND SEPTEMBER *NAGEL: THERE IS LOTS OF #ECB #MonetaryPolicy #InterestRates #EU

15 AUGUST 1971 — THE FIRST TERRIBLE DECADE OF A WEAK WEST BEGAN On 15 August 1971, President Richard Nixon suspended the convertibility of the US dollar into gold. The Nixon Shock marked the beginning of the end of the Bretton Woods monetary order — and, in my political https://t.co/kcj5sOttun #NixonShock #BrettonWoods #MonetaryPolicy #US

Hugely important from @_PeterRyan . Ireland does not have a monetary policy. The banks have become safe deposit boxes and the @centralbank_ie is doing nothing about it. Without monetary policy arm, fiscal policy is overburdened, leading to huge gov't spending. #Ireland #MonetaryPolicy #FiscalSpending #IE

🇨🇳 #China May Have Room to Cut Rates, RRR in 3Q - Shanghai Securities News ➡ China may see a window in easing monetary policy in the third quarter as the government seeks to complement fiscal stimulus measures aimed at supporting the economy, Shanghai Securities News says in a #China #Economy #MonetaryPolicy #CN

🇺🇸 #Fed Policy Report Reaffirms Commitment to Price Stability - Bloomberg - Federal Reserve policymakers will deliver price stability, according to the July Monetary Policy Report to Congress released Friday in Washington.The report noted that “measures of consumer price #Fed #PriceStability #MonetaryPolicy #US

🇨🇳 #China | *PBOC MONETARY POLICY COMMITTEE HOLDS MEETING - BBG *PBOC: CHINA STILL FACES WEAK DEMAND, EXTERNAL SHOCKS *PBOC: TO STEP UP COUNTER, CROSS-CYCLICAL POLICY ADJUSTMENTS *PBOC: ENHANCE TARGETED FOCUS OF POLICIES PBOC: ASSESS BOND MKT PERFORMANCE, MONITOR LONG-TERM YIELDS #PBOC #ChinaEconomy #MonetaryPolicy #CN

🇺🇸 Warsh’s speech yesterday was more important than it looked as it clearly felt like an attempt to take back control of the narrative around the Fed. ➡️ What struck me most is that he clearly wanted to kill the idea that his arrival would automatically mean rapid rate cuts. His https://t.co/HH6ZoyMCUC #Fed #InterestRates #MonetaryPolicy #US

🇪🇺 *#ECB'S SLEIJPEN SPEAKS ON BLOOMBERG TELEVISION *SLEIJPEN: ENERGY PRICE RETREAT WILL HAVE AN IMPACT ON PRICES *SLEIJPEN: WILL HAVE NEW DATA AT JULY RATE DECISION *SLEIJPEN: STILL TO SEE WHAT IS IN PIPELINE ON PRICES *SLEIJPEN: MARKETS UNDERSTAND ECB'S REACTION FUNCTION #ECB #EnergyPrices #MonetaryPolicy #EU

🇨🇭 *#SNB LEAVES POLICY RATE AT 0%; EST. 0% - BBG *SNB SAYS PREPARED TO INTERVENE IN CURRENCY MARKETS IF NEEDED *SNB HAS AN INCREASED WILLINGNESS TO INTERVENE IN FX MARKETS *SNB SEES 2026 GDP GROWTH ABOUT 1% *SNB SEES 2027 GDP GROWTH ABOUT 1.5% *SNB SEES 2026 INFLATION AT 0.6%; #SNB #MonetaryPolicy #CurrencyIntervention #CH

🇪🇺 *#ECB'S NAGEL COMMENTS IN SPEECH IN FRANKFURT - BBG *NAGEL: ECB NO LONGER DEALING WITH SHORT-TERM SUPPLY SHOCK *NAGEL: OIL SUPPLY TO TAKE MONTHS TO RECOVER ONCE STRAIT OPENS *NAGEL: ECB KEEPING ALL OPTIONS OPEN FOR JULY MEETING *NAGEL: ECB POLICY SETTINGS ARE STILL BROADLY #ECB #MonetaryPolicy #EconomicOutlook #EU