Array ( [0] => {{short description|Website and app for sharing biodiversity observations}} [1] => {{lowercase title}} [2] => {{infobox website [3] => | name = iNaturalist [4] => | logo = iNaturalist logo.png [5] => | logo_size = 225px [6] => | url = {{URL|https://inaturalist.org}} [7] => | founder = {{ubl|Ken-ichi Ueda|Nate Agrin|Jessica Kline}} [8] => | commercial = No [9] => | type = [[Citizen science]] [10] => | language_count = 56{{cite web | url=https://crowdin.com/project/inaturalistweb | title=INaturalistWeb — Translation Project on Crowdin }} [11] => | area_served = Worldwide [12] => | registration = Optional [13] => | users = {{Increase}} 3.2{{nbsp}}million registered users ({{as of|2023|01|01|alt=January 2023|post=)|lc=y}}{{r|inatyear2022}} [14] => | owner = [15] => | launch_date = {{Start date and age|2008|df=yes|br=no}} [16] => | current_status = Active [17] => | programming_language = [18] => }} [19] => [20] => '''iNaturalist''' is an American [[501(c)(3) organization|501(c)(3) nonprofit]] [[social network]] of [[naturalist]]s, [[citizen scientists]], and [[biologist]]s built on the concept of mapping and sharing observations of [[biodiversity]] across the globe.{{r|inatabout|natgeo2014}} iNaturalist may be accessed via its website or from its [[mobile app]]lications.{{r|googleapp|itunesapp}} iNaturalist includes an automated species identification tool, and users further assist each other in identifying organisms from photographs. {{As of|2024|February|24}}, iNaturalist users had contributed approximately 172,751,520 observations of plants, animals, fungi, and other [[organism]]s worldwide, and around 350,000 users were active in the previous 30 days.{{r|inatstats}} [21] => [22] => iNaturalist describes itself as "an online social network of people sharing biodiversity information to help each other learn about nature", with its primary goal being to connect people to nature.{{r|inatwhatisit}} Although it is not a science project itself, iNaturalist is a platform for science and conservation efforts, providing valuable [[open data]] to research projects, land managers, other organizations, and the public.{{r|inatwhatisit|bowser2014}} It is the primary application for crowd-sourced biodiversity data in places such as Mexico, southern Africa, and Australia,{{r|pimm2014|sanbi|ala}} and the project has been called "a standard-bearer for [[natural history]] mobile applications."{{r|goldsmith2015}} Most of iNaturalist's software is [[open source]].{{r|inatdev}} Scientists have published more than 4,000 papers drawn from iNaturalist data sets and observations, including descriptions of species new to science and rediscoveries of species so rarely seen they were feared extinct. [23] => [24] => == History == [25] => [26] => iNaturalist began in 2008 as a [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] [[UC Berkeley School of Information|School of Information]] Master's final project of Nate Agrin, Jessica Kline, and Ken-ichi Ueda.{{r|inatabout}} Agrin and Ueda continued work on the site with Sean McGregor, a web developer. In 2011, Ueda began collaboration with Scott Loarie, a research fellow at [[Stanford University]] and lecturer at UC Berkeley. Ueda and Loarie are the current co-directors of iNaturalist.org.{{r|inatabout}} The organization merged with the [[California Academy of Sciences]] on April 24, 2014.{{r|merger}} In 2017, iNaturalist became a joint initiative between the California Academy of Sciences and the [[National Geographic Society]].{{r|inatabout}} [27] => [28] => Since 2012, the number of participants and observations has roughly doubled each year.{{r|inat50million}} In 2014, iNaturalist reached 1{{nbsp}}million observations{{r|hance2014}} and {{as of|2023|10|lc=y}} there were 181{{nbsp}}million observations (163{{nbsp}}million verifiable).{{refn|On iNaturalist, an observation is "verifiable" if it has no penalties in its Data Quality Assessment. Observations lacking a date, location, or media are automatically penalised, and users may grant penalties if they deem that the date or location is inaccurate, that there is no evidence or no recent evidence of an organism, or that the organism is not wild. Non-verifiable observations are hidden from view by default, unless expressly enabled.|name=verify|group=note}}{{r|inatstats}} [29] => [30] => On 11 July 2023, iNaturalist became registered as an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.{{Cite web |last=Loarie |first=Scott |date=2023-07-11 |title=Spreading our Wings: iNaturalist is Now an Independent Nonprofit |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/blog/82010-spreading-our-wings-inaturalist-is-now-an-independent-nonprofit |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=iNaturalist |language=en}} [31] => [32] => == Platforms == [33] => [34] => {{multiple image [35] => |align=right [36] => |direction=vertical [37] => |width=250 [38] => |header= [39] => |image1=Photographing Asclepias amplexicaulis at Nachusa Grasslands.jpg [40] => |alt1=Man in baseball cap in a prairie taking a photo of a pink wildflower with his smartphone [41] => |caption1=Taking a photo of ''[[Asclepias amplexicaulis]]'' (clasping milkweed) for iNaturalist [42] => |image2=Screenshot of an iNaturalist observation (cassi saari - Asclepias amplexicalis).png [43] => |alt2=iNaturalist website screenshot with photo of a pink flower on left and details with a map on the right [44] => |caption2=Screenshot of an observation at iNaturalist.org with [[Creative Commons license|CC-BY]] photo license type indicated [45] => }} [46] => [47] => Users can interact with iNaturalist in several ways: [48] => [49] => * through the iNaturalist.org website, [50] => * through two mobile apps: iNaturalist (iOS/Android){{r|googleapp|itunesapp}} and '''Seek by iNaturalist''' (iOS/Android),{{r|itunesseek|googleseek}} or [51] => * through partner organizations such as the [[Global Biodiversity Information Facility]] (GBIF) website.{{r|bowser2014}} [52] => [[File:Seek-home.png|thumb|Seek's home page, showing local species and the Challenge for November 2021.]] [53] => [54] => On the iNaturalist.org website, visitors can search the public dataset and interact with other people adding observations and identifications. The website provides tools for registered users to add, identify, and discuss observations, write journal posts, explore information about species, and create project pages to recruit participation in and coordinate work on their topics of interest.{{r|inatfaq|inatprojmgmt|drury2019}} [55] => [56] => On the iNaturalist mobile app, registered users can create and share nature observations to the online dataset, explore observations both nearby and around the world, and learn about different species.{{r|inatfaq|jabr2017}} [57] => [58] => Seek by iNaturalist, a separate app marketed to families, requires no online account registration and all observations may remain private.{{r|inatseek}} Seek incorporates features of [[gamification]], such as providing a list of nearby organisms to find and encouraging the collection of badges and participation in challenges.{{r|elbein2018}} Seek was initially released in the spring of 2018.{{r|inatseek}} [59] => [60] => == Observations == [61] => [62] => The iNaturalist platform is based on [[crowdsourcing]] of observations and identifications. An iNaturalist observation records a person's encounter with an individual organism at a particular time and place.{{r|inatfaq}} An iNaturalist observation may also record evidence of an organism, such as [[animal track]]s, [[nest]]s, or [[feces|scat]]. The scope of iNaturalist excludes natural but inert subjects such as [[geology|geologic]] or [[hydrology|hydrologic]] features. Users typically upload photos as evidence of their findings, though audio recordings are also accepted, and such evidence is not a strict requirement. Users may share observation locations publicly, "obscure" them to display a less precise location or make the locations completely private. [63] => [64] => On iNaturalist, other users add identifications to each other's observations in order to confirm or improve the identification of the observation.{{r|inatfaq}} Observations are classified as "Casual", "Needs ID" (needs identification), or "Research Grade" based on the quality of the data provided and the community identification process.{{r|inatfaq}} Any quality of data can be downloaded from iNaturalist and "Research Grade" observations are often incorporated into other online databases such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and the [[Atlas of Living Australia]].{{r|bowser2014|inatala}} [65] => [66] => === Automated species identification === [67] => [68] => In addition to observations being identified by others in the community, iNaturalist includes an [[automated species identification]] tool, first released in 2017.{{r|inatcvdemo}} Images can be identified via a [[computer vision]] model which has been trained on the large database of the observations on iNaturalist.{{r|inatfaq}} Multiple species suggestions are typically provided with the suggestion that the software guesses to be most likely is at the top of the list. A broader [[taxon]] such as a [[genus]] or [[family (biology)|family]] is commonly provided if the model is unsure of the species. It is trained once or twice a year, and the threshold for species included in the training set has changed over time.{{r|inatcv2020}} It can be difficult for the model to guess correctly if the species in question is infrequently observed or hard to identify from images alone; or if the image submitted has poor lighting, is blurry, or contains multiple subjects. [69] => [70] => == Projects == [71] => [72] => [[file:using the iNaturalist app in the field.png|250px|thumb|right|Using the iNaturalist [[mobile app|app]]]] [73] => [74] => Users have created and contributed to tens of thousands of different projects on iNaturalist.{{r|inatstats|inatproj}} The platform is commonly used to record observations during [[bioblitz]]es, which are biological surveying events that attempt to record all the species that occur within a designated area, and a specific project type on iNaturalist.{{r|seltzer2016|cncweb|catling2018}} Other project types include collections of observations by location or taxon or documenting specific types of observations such as animal tracks and signs,{{r|inattrack}} the spread of [[invasive species]], [[roadkill]],{{r|inatroad}} [[fishing]] catches, or discovering new species.{{r|inatprojmgmt}} In 2011, iNaturalist was used as a platform to power the Global Amphibian and Global Reptile BioBlitzes, in which observations were used to help monitor the occurrence and distribution of the world's reptiles and amphibian species.{{r|holtz2011}} The US [[National Park Service]] partnered with iNaturalist to record observations from the 2016 National Parks BioBlitz. That project exceeded 100,000 observations in August 2016.{{r|seltzer2016}} In 2017, the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] teamed up with iNaturalist to celebrate [[World Environment Day]].{{r|wed2017}}. In 2022, [[Reef Ecologic]] teamed up with iNaturalist to celebrate [[World Oceans Day]]. [75] => [76] => === City Nature Challenge === [77] => [78] => {{Main|City Nature Challenge}} [79] => [80] => In 2016, Lila Higgins from the [[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]] and Alison Young from the [[California Academy of Sciences]] co-founded the City Nature Challenge (CNC). In the first City Nature Challenge, naturalists in [[Los Angeles]] and the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] documented over 20,000 observations with the iNaturalist platform.{{r|cnc2016}} In 2017, the CNC expanded to 16 cities across the United States and collected over 125,000 observations of wildlife in 5 days.{{r|cnc2017}} The CNC expanded to a global audience in 2018, with 68 cities participating from 19 countries, with some cities using [[citizen science|community science]] platforms other than iNaturalist to participate.{{r|cncweb}} In 4 days, over 17,000 people cataloged over 440,000 nature observations in urban regions around the world.{{r|higgins2018}} In 2019, the CNC once again expanded, with 35,000 participants in 159 cities collecting 964,000 observations of over 31,000 species.{{r|cncweb}} Although fewer observations were documented during the 2020 City Nature Challenge during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] (when the CNC became collaborative as opposed to competitive), more cities and people participated, and more species were found than in previous years.{{r|cnc2020}} [81] => [82] => == Licensing == [83] => [84] => Users have the option to license their observations, photos, and audio recordings in several ways, including for the [[public domain]], [[Creative Commons]], or with [[all rights reserved]]. To encourage the sharing of information and to reduce costs, iNaturalist encourages users to license media with [[Creative Commons license]]s.{{r|inatamazonopendata}} The default license is [[CC BY-NC]],{{r|inatamazonopendata}} meaning others are free to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the media as long as appropriate credit is given, changes are indicated, a link to the license is provided, and it is not used for commercial purposes.{{r|ccbync}} [85] => [86] => Observations and media licensed with Creative Commons licenses are often shared elsewhere, including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (excluding [[share-alike]] and [[no derivatives]] licenses),{{r|gbifterms}} [[Atlas of Living Australia]],{{r|aladata}} and [[Wikipedia]] (excluding noncommercial and no derivatives licenses){{r|wikicopyright}} through regular imports{{r|inatfaq|aladata}} or user scripts such as iNaturalist2Commons{{r|kaldariinat2commons}} and Wiki Loves iNaturalist.{{r|wikilovesinat}} [87] => [88] => The iNaturalist website and mobile apps are [[open-source software]] released under the [[MIT License]].{{r|inatdev|github}} [89] => [90] => == Research == [91] => [92] => As of January 2024, more than 4,000{{Cite web |last=Lohan |first=Tara |date=2024-01-08 |title=From Observation to Action: How iNaturalist Spurs Conservation • The Revelator |url=https://therevelator.org/inaturalist-conservation/ |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=The Revelator |language=en-US}} research papers have been published that cite the iNaturalist research-grade observations hosted on the [[Global Biodiversity Information Facility]] (GBIF), often in the fields of ecology, conservation, and climate change.{{r|gbifinat}} Many articles focus on climate-driven range shifts and expansions. For example, in 2015, data from iNaturalist was used to show that the [[Okenia rosacea|Hopkin's rose nudibranch]] (''Ceratodoris rosacea'') is moving northward.{{r|land2015}} [93] => [94] => Other published research focuses on the description of new species or rediscovery of species previously considered extinct. For example, a species of snail, ''[[Myxostoma petiverianum]]'', first described in the 1700s, was also rediscovered in [[Vietnam]].{{r|monga20160708}} Additionally, in 2013, a citizen scientist in Colombia uploaded a photo of a [[poison dart frog]], which researchers determined was a previously unrecognized species now known as ''[[Andinobates cassidyhornae]]''.{{r|utah2020|amez2013}} In 2023, a species of [[mantis]] first discovered with the aid of iNaturalist was named ''[[Inimia nat]]'' so that its abbreviated form, ''I. nat'', would be a [[word play]] that pays homage to iNaturalist.{{Cite journal |last1=Connors |first1=Matthew G. |last2=Yeeles |first2=Peter |last3=Lach |first3=Lori |last4=Rentz |first4=David C. F. |date=2023-11-30 |title=A revision of the genus Ima Tindale (Mantodea: Nanomantidae: Fulciniinae) with the description of a new genus |url=https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5380.3.1 |journal=Zootaxa |language=en |volume=5380 |issue=3 |pages=201–226 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5380.3.1 |pmid=38221315 |s2cid=265626958 |issn=1175-5334}} The [[Colombian weasel|Columbian weasel]], the rarest [[neotropical]] carnivore, was seen for the first time in the 21st century when an iNaturalist user uploaded snapshots of the weasel exploring a privy.{{Cite journal |last1=de Roux |first1=Juan M. |last2=Noguera-Urbano |first2=Elkin A. |last3=Ramírez-Chaves |first3=Héctor E. |date=2019-03-30 |title=The vulnerable colombian weasel Mustela felipei (Carnivora): new record from Colombia and a review of its distribution in protected areas |url=https://mastozoologiamexicana.com/therya/index.php/THERYA/article/view/776 |journal=Therya |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=207–210 |doi=10.12933/therya-19-776}} Two teenagers in California used iNaturalist observations of unfamiliar scorpions as the first step in their eventual description of two new species.{{Cite web |last=Cantor |first=Matthew |date=2022-09-19 |title='These kids can find anything': California teens identify two new scorpion species |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/science/2022/sep/19/new-scorpion-species-discovered-california-students-inaturalist |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=The Guardian}} The [[Titanomis|frosted phoenix moth]] of New Zealand, feared extinct, was "rediscovered" when a Swedish birder who was in town to see [[Kiwi (bird)|kiwis]] put up a light to attract moths and snapped a casual photo of an insect that had parked itself under a lawn chair on his hotel balcony; his upload to iNaturalist was the first time the moth had been seen alive in 65 years.{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Charlie |date=2024-03-29 |title=The Press |url=https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/350225711/mysterious-moth-unseen-65-years-accidentally-rediscovered-tourist |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=www.thepress.co.nz}} [95] => [96] => Other research has focused on the [[morphology (biology)|morphology]] or coloration of species observations. For example, a study in 2019 assessed the relationship between wing coloration and temperature in the [[dragonfly]] species [[Blue dasher|''Pachydiplax longipennis'']].{{r|moore2019}} [97] => [98] => == Graphs == [99] => [100] => [101] => line graph of iNaturalist activity.png|[[Semi-log plot]] of annual changes in number of species observed (in thousands; green) and number of verifiable{{refn|name=verify|group=note}} observations (in millions; black). [102] => iNaturalist pie-chart of taxonomic groups.jpg|Relative proportions of verifiable{{refn|name=verify|group=note}} observations according to taxonomic group as of January 2022 [103] => [104] => [105] => == Notes == [106] => [107] => {{reflist|group=note}} [108] => [109] => == References == [110] => [111] => {{reflist|refs= [112] => {{cite journal |last1=Amézquita |first1=Adolfo |last2=Márquez |first2=Roberto |last3=Medina |first3=Ricardo |last4=Mejía-Vargas |first4=Daniel |last5=Kahn |first5=Ted R. |last6=Suárez |first6=Gustavo |last7=Mazariegos |first7=Luis |title=A new species of Andean poison frog, Andinobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae), from the northwestern Andes of Colombia |journal=Zootaxa |date=5 March 2013 |volume=3620 |issue=1 |pages=163–178 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3620.1.8|pmid=26120702 }} [113] => {{cite web |title=ALA—iNaturalist collaboration |url=https://www.ala.org.au/blogs-news/ala-inaturalist-collaboration/ |website=Atlas of Living Australia |access-date=21 February 2021 |date=8 May 2019}} [114] => {{cite web |title=How is data harvested from iNaturalist and fed into the ALA? |url=https://support.ala.org.au/support/solutions/articles/6000223721-how-is-data-harvested-from-inaturalist-and-fed-into-the-ala- |website=ARDC Support |access-date=17 April 2021 |language=en}} [115] => {{cite journal|last1=Bowser |first1=A. |last2=Wiggins |first2=A. |last3=Shanley |first3=L. |last4=Preece |first4=J. |last5=Henderson |first5=S.|year=2014|title=Sharing data while protecting privacy in citizen science|journal=Interactions|volume=21|issue=1|pages=70–73|url=http://andreawiggins.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Bowser2014Interactions.pdf|doi=10.1145/2540032|s2cid=36834141|access-date=2014-12-28|archive-date=2014-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228034139/http://andreawiggins.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Bowser2014Interactions.pdf|url-status=dead}} [116] => {{cite journal |last1=Catling |first1=Paul M. |last2=Kostiuk |first2=Brenda |last3=Heron |first3=Jennifer |last4=Jimenez |first4=Runel |last5=Chapman |first5=Monique |last6=Gamiet |first6=Sharmin |last7=Sterenberg |first7=Velma |title=Highlights from the Northwest Territories BioBlitzes |journal=The Canadian Field-Naturalist |date=5 June 2018 |volume=131 |issue=4 |pages=386 |doi=10.22621/cfn.v131i4.2099 |doi-access=free}} [117] => {{cite web |title=Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International — CC BY-NC 4.0 |url=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |website=creativecommons.org |access-date=17 April 2021}} [118] => {{cite web|title=City Nature Challenge 2016 iNaturalist Project|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/city-nature-challenge-2016|date=2018|access-date=8 May 2018}} [119] => {{cite web|title=City Nature Challenge 2017 iNaturalist Project|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/city-nature-challenge-2017-umbrella|date=2018|access-date=8 May 2018}} [120] => {{Cite web |last1=Young |first1=Alison |last2=Higgins |first2=Lila |last3=Jaecker-Jones |first3=Amy |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/city-nature-challenge-2020/journal/34792|title=City Nature Challenge RESULTS|date=4 May 2020|access-date=13 September 2020}} [121] => {{cite web|title=citynaturechallenge.org|url=http://citynaturechallenge.org/|date=2019|access-date=21 June 2019}} [122] => {{cite journal |last1=Drury |first1=Jonathan P. |last2=Barnes |first2=Morgan|last3=Finneran |first3=Ann E.|last4=Harris |first4=Maddie|last5=Grether |first5=Gregory F. E.|year=2019 |title=Continent-scale phenotype mapping using citizen scientists' photographs |journal=Ecography|volume=42 |issue=8 |pages=1436–1445 |doi=10.1111/ecog.04469 |s2cid=198236550 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019Ecogr..42.1436D }} [123] => {{cite news |last1=Elbein |first1=Asher |title=This New App Is Like Shazam for Your Nature Photos |url=https://earther.gizmodo.com/this-new-app-is-like-shazam-for-your-nature-photos-1823952757 |access-date=2018-12-03 |work=Earther |date=2018-03-21}} [124] => {{cite web |title=Resources search -- iNaturalist Research-Grade Observations |url=https://www.gbif.org/resource/search?contentType=literature&gbifDatasetKey=50c9509d-22c7-4a22-a47d-8c48425ef4a7 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}} [125] => {{cite web |title=Terms of use |url=https://www.gbif.org/terms |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=17 April 2021 |language=en}} [126] => {{GitHub |inaturalist/iNaturalistAndroid}} [127] => {{cite journal|last1=Goldsmith|first1=G. R.|title=The field guide, rebooted|journal=Science|date=6 August 2015|volume=349|issue=6248|pages=594|doi=10.1126/science.aac7810|bibcode=2015Sci...349..594G|s2cid=51606762}} [128] => {{cite web|title=iNaturalist application (Google Play)|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.inaturalist.android|date=4 June 2013|access-date=7 August 2013}} [129] => {{cite web|title=App: Seek|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.inaturalist.seek|website=Google Play|access-date=2019-05-26|language=en}} [130] => {{cite web|title=Citizen scientist site hits one million observations of life on Earth|first=Jeremy|last=Hance|website=[[Mongabay]]|date=November 10, 2014|url=http://news.mongabay.com/2014/1110-hance-inaturalist-million.html}} [131] => {{cite web|last=Higgins|first=Lila|title=City Nature Challenge 2018: A Win For Urban Nature Around the World|website=Natural History Museum, Los Angeles County|date=4 May 2018|url=https://nhm.org/nature/blog/city-nature-challenge-2018-win-urban-nature-around-world}} [132] => {{cite news|last=Holtz|first=Debra Levi|title=Reptile, amphibian BioBlitzes tap social media|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|date=October 10, 2011|url=http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Reptile-amphibian-BioBlitzes-tap-social-media-2328097.php}} [133] => {{cite web|title=50 million observations on iNaturalist!|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/blog/40699-50-million-observations-on-inaturalist/|date=20 September 2020|access-date=21 February 2021}} [134] => {{cite web|title=About|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/about|date=5 August 2013|access-date=13 September 2020}} [135] => {{cite web|title=Welcome, iNaturalist Australia!|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/blog/27851-welcome-inaturalist-australia |date=30 September 2019|access-date=21 February 2021}} [136] => {{cite web|title=We want you to license your iNaturalist photos before April 15th!|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/blog/48165-we-want-you-to-license-your-inaturalist-photos-before-april-15th|date=24 March 2021|access-date=17 April 2021|website=iNaturalist|language=en}} [137] => {{cite web|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/computer_vision_demo|title=iNaturalist Computer Vision Explorations|date=2017-07-27|website=iNaturalist.org|access-date=2017-08-12}} [138] => {{cite web|title=A New Vision Model!|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/blog/31806-a-new-vision-model|date=18 March 2020|access-date=21 February 2021}} [139] => {{cite web |title=Developers|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/developers |website=iNaturalist |access-date=21 February 2021 |language=en}} [140] => {{Cite web|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/help|title=Help|website=iNaturalist.org|language=en|access-date=21 June 2019}} [141] => {{cite web|title=Projects|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/projects|website=inaturalist.org|date=28 January 2017|access-date=28 January 2017}} [142] => {{cite web|title=Managing Projects|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/managing-projects|website=inaturalist.org|date=2018-10-05|access-date=2018-10-05}} [143] => {{cite web|title=Adventure Scientists Wildlife Connectivity Study|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/adventure-scientists-wildlife-connectivity-study|website=inaturalist.org|date=2018-10-05|access-date=2018-10-05}} [144] => {{cite web|title=Seek App - 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L.|last2=Jenkins|first2=C. N.|last3=Abell|first3=R.|last4=Brooks|first4=T. M.|last5=Gittleman|first5=J. L.|last6=Joppa|first6=L. N.|last7=Raven|first7=P. H.|last8=Roberts|first8=C. M.|last9=Sexton|first9=J. O.|date=2014|title=The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection |url=http://static.squarespace.com/static/51b078a6e4b0e8d244dd9620/t/538797c3e4b07a163543ea0f/1401395139381/Pimm+et+al.+2014.pdf |journal=Science|volume=344|issue=6187|pages=1246752|doi=10.1126/science.1246752|pmid=24876501|s2cid=206552746}} [159] => {{cite web|title=Citizen science |url=http://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/participation/citizen-science/ |website=biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org|access-date=2018-10-05}} [160] => {{Cite web|url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/25/citizen-scientists-give-nps-100000-biodiversity-records-for-100th-birthday/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825113032/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/25/citizen-scientists-give-nps-100000-biodiversity-records-for-100th-birthday/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 25, 2016|title=Citizen scientists give NPS 100,000+ biodiversity records for 100th birthday|last=Seltzer|first=Carrie|date=2016-08-25|website=National Geographic Society (blogs)|access-date=2016-09-17}} [161] => {{cite web |title=Five Surprising Discoveries Made With iNaturalist |url=https://nhmu.utah.edu/blog/2020/04/14/five-surprising-discoveries-made-inaturalist |website=Natural History Museum of Utah |language=en |date=2 May 2020}} [162] => {{cite web |title=Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright#Derivative_works |website=Wikipedia |access-date=17 April 2021 |language=en |date=15 November 2020}}{{Circular reference|date=May 2021}} [163] => {{Cite web|title=Wiki loves iNaturalist|url=https://wikilovesinat.netlify.app/|access-date=17 April 2021|website=wikilovesinat.netlify.app}} [164] => {{cite web|url=http://worldenvironmentday.global/en/news/app-brings-marvels-tech-and-nature-together-keep-world-connected|title=App brings marvels of tech and nature together to keep the world connected|website=worldenvironmentday.global|access-date=2017-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019081700/http://worldenvironmentday.global/en/news/app-brings-marvels-tech-and-nature-together-keep-world-connected|archive-date=2017-10-19|url-status=dead}} [165] => }} [166] => [167] => == External links == [168] => [169] => {{Commons category}} [170] => [171] => * {{official website|https://inaturalist.org}} [172] => [173] => {{CitizenScienceNavBox}} [174] => [175] => [[Category:Biology websites]] [176] => [[Category:Citizen science]] [177] => [[Category:Internet properties established in 2008]] [178] => [[Category:Biodiversity databases]] [179] => [[Category:Wild animals identification]] [180] => [[Category:Mobile applications]] [] => )
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INaturalist

iNaturalist is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit social network of naturalists, citizen scientists, and biologists built on the concept of mapping and sharing observations of biodiversity across the globe. iNaturalist may be accessed via its website or from its mobile applications.

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