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The author believed that the face-to-face encounter between Iran and the United States would become a subject of study for students in international relations. He likened it to the deterrence of the "madman" against the powerful, while also qualifying this reading: according to him, the powerful camp was also unpredictable. #RelationsInternationales #Iran #ÉtatsUnis #IR #US (translated)

The nuclear-powered submarine Téméraire embodies the paradoxical mission of deterrence, preparing for the worst while remaining undetectable and silent, in order to guarantee peace and national security in defense of France's vital interests. #DissuasionNucléaire #SousMarin #SécuritéNational (translated)

I believe that the live broadcasting of the execution, in full view of everyone, could have been a powerful deterrent for the whole world, which could have seen how the United States treats terrorists and scum like Hasan," Donald Trump said in his message. #DonaldTrump #Exécution #Justice (translated)

Cerfia indicated, citing Les Échos, that France is accelerating the development of its future combat aircraft following the abandonment of the Franco-German SCAF program. According to the report, the air force plans to start the production of the Rafale F5, nicknamed "Super Rafale," as early as December, equipped with modernized detection systems featuring AI, a new engine, and a missile intended for nuclear deterrence. Cerfia also reported that France is preparing its own future combat aircraft, the ACF, with work planned to begin in 2027 and an operational development phase starting in 2029. The HypAIRion program was expected to enable fighter jets and drones to operate together using AI, with the first flight combining a Rafale with a targeted drone scheduled for 2028. The report added that the goal was to increase the fighter fleet to at least 230 aircraft by 2035, compared to about 130 today. These projects remain contingent on the adoption of the 2027 budget, which foresees up to 3 billion euros in orders for the Rafale F5 and 2.7 billion euros in authorizations for its successor, according to Cerfia. #ArméeDeLAir #Aéronautique #DéfenseNationale (translated)

The author reported that Germano Dottori had written to him that the NATO nuclear exercise Steadfast Noon contributed to maintaining the deterrence on which peace rested. He added that reading the declassified conversations between Kennedy and McNamara during the Cuban missile crisis had raised some doubts for him. https://t.co/DtAFnjBpsp #nucleare #NATO #pace #US #IT (translated)

We have already strengthened our posture on the eastern flank and will continue to monitor the security situation, adjusting our deterrence and defense posture as needed. NATO will adjust its defense arrangement "as needed" following new drone strikes against commercial ships in the Black Sea, near the Bulgarian coast, said its Secretary General Mark Rutte on Tuesday. #Otan #Drones #MerNoire (translated)

We have already reinforced our posture on the eastern flank and will continue to monitor the security situation, adjusting our deterrence and defense posture as needed. NATO will adjust its defense setup "as needed" following new drone strikes against commercial ships in the Black Sea, near the Bulgarian coast, its Secretary General Mark Rutte said on Tuesday. #Otan #MerNoire #Sécurité (translated)

Joan Larroumec presented the tensions between France and Germany as a result of increasing competition, particularly in the defense industry. He indicated that Berlin planned military spending of €108 billion in 2026, compared to €57 billion for Paris, and nearly €140 billion in 2027. According to him, Germany was seeking to use these expenditures as a lever for economic transformation, while its historical industrial model was weakened. Larroumec notably cited the decline in German exports to China, which he claimed fell from €106 billion in 2022 to €81 billion in 2025, as well as a reduction of 142,400 jobs in the German automotive industry since 2019. He also wrote that German defense start-ups had received $3.5 billion in investments in 2026, compared to $375 million in France, and that Berlin had concluded a framework agreement with Helsing and Stark that could reach €4.3 billion. He estimated that this strategy heightened rivalries between the two countries and jeopardized their joint programs. He reported that Paris and Berlin acknowledged on June 8 that the SCAF could not be successfully executed, and that the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces announced Germany's abandonment of the MGCS tank program. He also mentioned competition in drones, artificial intelligence, and space, where, according to him, Germany was seeking to reduce France's position. Finally, Larroumec argued that France's financial difficulties limited its ability to invest in defense and risked weakening its industry. He stated that French and German interests were becoming increasingly misaligned and that this situation could lead to chaotic episodes in Europe. #France #Allemagne #Défense (translated)

Emmanuel Macron thanked German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier for his visit to Bordeaux and presented three sites as symbols of European space and industrial ambitions. He wrote that Ariane 6, at ArianeGroup, affirmed European autonomy in access to space, while the reusable Nyx capsule, developed by the Franco-German company The Exploration Company, foreshadowed, in his view, the space transportation of tomorrow. Macron also mentioned the Laser Mégajoule, where he said that France was mobilizing strategic scientific and technological excellence for its deterrence and sovereignty. He described these three visits as complementary ambitions and presented France and Germany as the engine of a more sovereign, competitive, and independent Europe. #Espace #Industrie #Europe (translated)

"To be free you must be feared, and to be feared you must be powerful" Because deterrence is everything these days, in fact Macron goes so far as to declare that "to be free you must be feared, and to be feared you must be powerful." #ArmiNucleari #EmmanuelMacron #Guerrafondai (translated)

"materializes the will of the President of the Republic to sustain the operational and technical credibility of the nuclear forces" The launch was "planned long in advance" and "materializes the will of the President of the Republic to sustain the operational and technical credibility of the nuclear forces," said Minister of the Armed Forces Catherine Vautrin on X. #Missile #DissuasionNucléaire #EmmanuelMacron (translated)

The article explains the differences between French nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) and nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs), specifying that SSBNs, which carry nuclear weapons, are currently being replaced by third-generation SSBNs, while SSNs are not equipped for strategic missions. #SNLE #MissileM51 #DissuasionNucleaire (translated)

Emmanuel Macron indicated that he attended, aboard the multi-mission frigate Auvergne, the first launch of the new M51.3 ballistic missile from the nuclear submarine Le Vigilant. He estimated that very few nations possessed such expertise and congratulated the DGA, CEA, Ariane Group, Naval Group, and the French Navy for their contribution. He presented this technical success as a new demonstration of the credibility of French deterrence and asserted that it protected and would continue to protect the country. According to him, freedom required being feared, which implied being powerful. Macron added that he had initiated, as early as 2017, the renewal of military capabilities for the decades to come. He indicated that the military budget would have doubled in ten years, that future strategic submarines were under construction, and that the program for hypersonic and maneuverable strategic missiles intended for the air component of deterrence had been launched this year. #DissuasionNucléaire #ArméeFrançaise #SécuritéNationale (translated)