Search

🚨 ALERTE – Marine Le Pen PETE UN CÂBLE et affirme que les journalistes de Mediapart doivent enfiler leurs GILETS PARE -BALLE. « C’est à Mediapart, je crois, qu’il va falloir dire d’enfiler son costard en kevlar parce qu’il y aura évidemment une réponse à la manière dont ils se comportent », a-t-elle affirmé. Le kevlar est la matière des gilets pare-balles. Plus tôt dans la conférence de presse, elle affirmait que Jordan et elle avaient enfilé leurs gilets en kevlar. À l’issue d’une démonstration où elle s’en prend longuement à Mediapart (mise en X2, son blabla n’étant pas très intéressant), elle affirme que c’est à leur tour d’enfiler leur costume en kevlar. Une députée écologiste a saisi le procureur de la République. #MarineLePen #Mediapart #République

Yo quiero que vuelva Lemérito. Y José María Aznar. Y Mecano, con Nacho Cano en camiseta de tirantes tocando los dos teclaos a la vez. Y que vuelva Induráin. Y El Precio Justo con Joaquín Prat, pero el de verdad, no el mojonero. Y que tú vayas, un poner, a Marbella y esté Julio Iglesias dando un concierto gordo con su pantalón blanco y sus zapatos rojos de Papa. Sin carsetines. Y la gente haciendo cola oliendo a Álvarez Gómez. Tanto Quevedo, tanta Rosalía y tanto mi amol riégame la papaya, ya tu sabes. Y que tu pongas la tele y en lugar de Pablo Motos salga Alfredo Amestoy. Y "300 Millones" con José Feliciano sentao en una banqueta tocando la guitarra mirando p'arriba. Y que se vayan a tomar polculo "La Voz" y "Go Talent". Que vuelva "Gente Joven" y los cantantes con bigote de herradura y los micrófonos con cable. Y la bola de espejitos de las discotecas. Y Estudio Estadio, con la moviola y Ortiz de Mendibil analizando las jugada. Tanto Chiringuito, tanto Pedrerol y tanta hostia. Que vuelva el Padre Mundina a hablar de los geranios y las azaleas. Y La Clave, por Dios, que vuelva La Clave… Que no es que yo sea nostálgico, pero me da coraje. #nostalgia #cultura #televisión

Toulouse : deux étrangers, un père et son fils, devant la justice pour des dizaines de vols de câbles. Depuis leur arrivée en France en 2002 et 2014, ils accumulent les délits : vols, refus d'obtempérer, violences aggravées avec arme… https://t.co/NTagan7EU5 https://t.co/xaXK6ZZiz5 #Justice #Delits #Toulouse

Over the last 22 years, the #US has been waging war on the #InternationalCriminalCourt (#ICC),ever since its creation,#Italy has been secretly colluding with the #USA against the #ICC,as revealed by the #WikiLeaks cables. And they continue to do so today: https://t.co/INX1WZTubC https://t.co/wyeKqSblzk #ICC #US #WikiLeaks #US #IT #USA

Como recomendación, ya existe un comunicado por parte de la administración del escenario y los tiempos de montaje se determinan desde producción. Además, estamos hablando de un escenario 360° que es considerablemente más grande que el utilizado por Maluma. Esto implica todavía más elementos de producción: estructuras, pantallas suspendidas, iluminación, sonido, cableado y toda la infraestructura necesaria para que el espectáculo funcione alrededor del escenario. Como referencia, el montaje del concierto 360° de Maluma en El Campín tomó cinco días de trabajo, con jornadas de más de 16 horas. Y en otros conciertos de gran envergadura, como U2 y Coldplay, también se han requerido 5 días para los procesos de montaje y desmontaje con jornadas de trabajo largas. Reducir estos tiempos también puede dejar menos margen para reaccionar ante imprevistos. Detrás de un concierto de esta magnitud hay mucha más logística de la que vemos desde afuera. #Conciertos #Producción #Logística

Campagne russe 🇷🇺 de sabotage en Europe 🇪🇺 Ces dernières semaines, la campagne russe de sabotage en Europe s'est intensifiée. Voici donc, une liste non-exhaustive de 50 évènements depuis début septembre : 🔴1er septembre ▫️Roumanie : débris d'un drone russe armé trouvés par un civil, puis détruits sur place par les démineurs. ▫️Pologne : incendie de l'usine de drones WB Electronics à Skarżysko-Kamienna. Les services russes sont accusés. ▫️Pologne : incendie chez JFG Composites. Les services russes sont accusés. 🔴2 septembre ▫️Pologne : suite de l'affaire WB Electronics. 🔴4 septembre ▫️Finlande : drone de reconnaissance russe retrouvé près de Porvoo (géolocalisation estimée). 🔴8 septembre ▫️Moldavie et Roumanie : un drone Geran-4 traverse les deux pays sur plus de 500 km, viole deux fois l'espace aérien moldave et s'écrase près de Mihăileni. ▫️Roumanie : arrêt des vols à l'aéroport de Iași à cause d'un drone russe. ▫️Hongrie : 10 diplomates russes déclarés persona non grata pour espionnage. ▫️Moldavie : un Azerbaïdjanais travaillant pour le FSB est arrêté à Chișinău. Il est soupçonné de préparer un sabotage. ▫️Roumanie : arrestation de l'agent russe chargé des repérages contre l'OTAN. 🔴9 septembre ▫️Pologne : alerte aérienne en Podkarpackie à cause d'une activité russe de missiles et drones à la frontière. ▫️Pologne : arrêts des vols aux aéroports de Lublin et de Rzeszów-Jasionka. ▫️Pologne : Donald Tusk annonce qu'une attaque russe contre un poste-frontière a été déjouée. La localisation est classifiée. ▫️Norvège : on apprend qu'un exercice conjoint Norvège, États-Unis et Royaume-Uni a empêché en avril un sous-marin russe de saboter les câbles du Svalbard. ▫️Royaume-Uni : un Britannique est inculpé pour avoir aidé les services russes. 🔴10 septembre ▫️Roumanie : débris d'un drone de reconnaissance russe trouvés près d'une base militaire. ▫️Roumanie : débris de drone russe sur une plage. ▫️Roumanie : débris d'un drone armé détruits sur place. 🔴11 septembre ▫️Roumanie : trois débris de drones trouvés par les garde-côtes et détruits. ▫️Bulgarie : explosion du dépôt de munitions EMCO à Tsareva Livada. L'entreprise évoque un sabotage (non attribué). 🔴12 septembre ▫️Bulgarie : l'explosion d'août dans une usine de munitions fait désormais l'objet d'une enquête pour sabotage (non attribué). 🔴14 septembre ▫️Lituanie : des Eurofighter italiens abattent un drone russe Gerbera armé venu de Biélorussie. Il s'écrase près d'une infrastructure électrique. ▫️Pologne : un Gerbera armé est retrouvé flottant en Baltique près de Rusinowo. ▫️Moldavie : deux violations de l'espace aérien par des drones russes, dont une détectée près de Cioburciu. ▫️Lituanie : arrêt des vols à cause d'un drone inconnu venu de Biélorussie. ▫️Allemagne : un drone armé s'écrase près de la base de Wunstorf (non attribué). ▫️Danemark : une frégate russe tire deux fusées éclairantes vers un hélicoptère militaire danois. 🔴15 septembre ▫️République tchèque : le ministère américain de la Justice inculpe trois officiers russes supplémentaires dans l'affaire des bus incendiés à Prague. ▫️Lituanie : trois officiers russes sont inculpés aux États-Unis pour un complot d'assassinat mondial, dont une cible en Lituanie. 🔴16 septembre ▫️Pologne : alerte aérienne de 30 minutes dans la région de Lublin, et nouvelle alerte en Podkarpackie. ▫️Pologne : arrêts des vols à Lublin et Rzeszów. ▫️Lituanie : selon l'agence ANSA, deux avions militaires russes ont violé l'espace aérien lituanien et ont été interceptés par des Eurofighter italiens. ▫️Slovaquie : incendie dans l'usine de munitions MSM Group. Une enquête est ouverte (non attribué). 🔴17 septembre ▫️Pologne : arrêts des vols à Lublin et Rzeszów. ▫️Moldavie : un drone russe survole Tudora pendant environ 2 minutes. 🔴18 septembre ▫️Pologne : arrêts des vols à Lublin et Rzeszów. ▫️Moldavie : un missile de croisière russe s'écrase et explose. ▫️Danemark : un gros drone survole l'ambassade américaine à Copenhague (non attribué). ▫️Luxembourg : arrêt des vols à l'aéroport à cause de drones (non attribué). 🔴19 septembre ▫️Moldavie : deux drones russes violent l'espace aérien, dont un s'écrase en Ukraine près de Troitske. ▫️Moldavie : une autre violation près de Palanca. 🔴20 septembre ▫️Moldavie : deux violations de l'espace aérien par des drones russes, avec un point d'impact estimé. ▫️Roumanie : la marine récupère trois débris de drones russes dérivant dans les couloirs maritimes de la zone économique exclusive. 🔴21 septembre ▫️Moldavie : un drone russe traverse le nord du pays. ▫️Pologne : alerte radiologique, chimique et biologique dans la région de Lublin à cause d'une activité russe à la frontière. ▫️Lituanie : des ballons venus de Biélorussie sont détectés autour de l'aéroport de Vilnius pendant environ 3 heures. ▫️Lituanie : arrêt des vols à Vilnius. 🔴22 septembre ▫️Lituanie : nouvel arrêt des vols à Vilnius, le troisième, à cause d'un drone inconnu venu de Biélorussie et des ballons. Source : @MalcontentmentT #Saboatge #Europe #Russie

NICO PÈTE LITTÉRALEMENT UN CÂBLE CONTRE BYILHAN, FLAMBY ET LA PROD 😬 La tension monte sérieusement pendant le DAKAR-PARIS… #DAKARPARIS https://t.co/XncdsJ85o1 #Dakar #course #tension

Un corte accidental de un cable por parte de trabajadores en EEUU causó el colapso en varios aeropuertos clave, provocando la cancelación y retraso de miles de vuelos y revelando la fragilidad del sistema de control del tráfico aéreo estadounidense. #VuelosCancelados #TráficoAéreo #FAA

🚨 C’EST QUOI CETTE DINGUERIE ??!! LE RAPPEUR DRAKE A LITTÉRALEMENT PETÉ UN CABLE CETTE NUIT PENDANT LA DIFFUSION DE SON NOUVEAU FILM 😭 IL S’EST TRANSFORMÉ EN MICHAEL JACKSON. https://t.co/fPF2am94nO #Drake #Rap #MichaelJackson

L'OTAN a récemment empêché une opération russe secrète visant des câbles sous-marins stratégiques dans l'archipel norvégien du Svalbard, suscitant des inquiétudes croissantes en Europe, notamment en Finlande, qui a décidé de rejoindre le parapluie nucléaire français. #Svalbard #OTAN #Russie

José Sousa Barros anuncia que, com o Smart Atlantic Cable, Portugal poderá receber avisos de tsunami até meia hora antes de um evento, destacando a importância dos cabos submarinos como infraestruturas críticas para a comunicação e a detecção de fenómenos naturais. #CabosSubmarinos #Telecomunicações #Tsunamis

Han querido ir a juicio con jurado pero este tipo de juicios no están hechos para supuestos delitos que la acusación no sabe ni definir. “Peinado podría verse forzado a archivar la causa" Ya verás como la sala 23 le echa de nuevo un cable a Peinado y a la acusación para favorecerles. Otro escándalo judicial más. https://t.co/H4aKY6baH0 #Justicia #EscándaloJudicial #DerechosHumanos

Firmamos un convenio con CANIETI y empresas cableras para retirar cableado en desuso y reducir la contaminación visual de nuestras calles. Porque recuperar el espacio público también significa mirar hacia arriba y poner orden donde durante años nadie lo hizo. https://t.co/AYqIzKVx2g #ContaminaciónVisual #EspacioPúblico #CuidadoUrbano

Les supporters de Valence lui donnent plutôt raison. Ceux qui ont surtout pété un câble, ce sont les supporters madrilènes Mais Rodri s’est excusé, car ses propos pouvaient effectivement être perçus comme un manque de respect envers Valence. Et honnêtement, il a bien fait de le faire #Valence #Rodri #Football

What was the first Social Network in History? In Italy: Dada or InterNetWork City? SOURCE: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-first-social-network-history-italy-dada-city-sardella-ph-d--ngw2f/ When discussing technological primacy, historical precision is fundamental. Particularly when too many narratives from the web risk generating confusion. Contenuto dell’articolo Abstract This article critically analyses contemporary narratives on the origin of social networks, distinguishing between journalistic reconstructions and academic historiography. It clarifies that platforms such as Internetwork City and Dada/SuperEva, whilst innovative, cannot be defined as "first Italian social networks" according to criteria recognised by international research. The text reconstructs the genealogy of social media from early digital communities (Usenet, BBS) through to modern social networks, highlighting the anticipatory role of systems such as Plato. Finally, it demonstrates how certain Italian publications have attributed primacy unsupported by historical sources, underlining the necessity for a rigorous and documented approach. Keywords: digital historiography, Italian proto-social platforms, Internetwork City, Dada/SuperEva, origins of social networks In recent years, various narratives have circulated regarding the origin of social networks, some of which attribute primacy to projects that, while innovative, do not correspond to the effectively documented chronology. To reconstruct with precision the history of global social networks, it is necessary to begin with academic sources and verifiable testimonies, excluding retrospective reconstructions devoid of historical corroboration. But first and foremost, let us provide an encyclopaedic British definition: social media constitute a form of communication on online platforms through which users share information, ideas, personal messages and other textual and audio-visual content. This should not be confused with social networking, that is to say, the modalities by which Internet users construct virtual communities amongst themselves by sharing their textual and audio-visual content; social media, conversely, concerns web-based platforms that enable one to build a friendly, familial and professional audience. The earliest forms of social media appeared almost as soon as technology could support them: electronic mail and chat programmes débuted in the early 1970s, but the first virtual communities did not emerge. They did not emerge until the creation of the Usenet discussion group network in 1979: these permitted users to post and receive messages within thematic areas called newsgroups. Usenet and other discussion forums, such as privately hosted Bulletin Board Systems (BBS), allowed individuals to interact, but each was essentially a closed system. With the release in 1993 of the Mosaic web browser, those systems were provided with an easy-to-use graphical interface. Furthermore, the architecture of the World Wide Web made it possible to navigate from one site to another with a click, and faster Internet connections permitted richer multimedia content than that which could be found in text-heavy newsgroups. The First Modern Global Social Network: SixDegrees.com Contenuto dell’articolo As the prestigious Encyclopaedia Britannica cites, the first globally known companies to create modern social networks based on web technology were Classmates.com and SixDegrees.com. Between these two, in truth, the academic community and historians of digital media concur in identifying SixDegrees.com as the first true modern social network: it was the first to introduce the fundamental characteristics that would define the sector: personal profiles, friends lists and an integrated private messaging system. Indeed, Classmates.com, founded earlier in 1995, employed an aggressive advertising campaign with pop-ups to attract web browsers to its site based upon connections between students from secondary school and/or university classes, branches of the armed forces and places of work. SixDegrees.com was launched after it, in 1997, but with most of the functionalities that would characterise such social networks: members could create profiles for themselves, maintain friends lists and contact one another through the site's private messaging system. After claiming to have attracted more than three million users by the year 2000, it failed to translate those numbers of success into revenue as it subsequently collapsed along with numerous other internet companies when the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s. The First Italian Social Network: Which One? Contenuto dell’articolo In recent years, a widespread narrative has emerged on the web according to which the first Italian social network would have been Internetwork City, a project born in May 1995 from the intuition of Claudio Cecchetto with the technical guidance of Perl and Java programmer Marco Camisani Calzolari. Other sources from the websphere (the totality of all globally accessible websites) narrate of the Dada/SuperEva group as the first Italian social network. In the first case, it was certainly, for the era, a story of radio and digital innovation made in Italy: in this interview with Giornalettismo from 29 June 2022 given to Gianmichele Laino (https://www.giornalettismo.com/marco-camisani-calzolari-internetwork-city/), Internetwork City is defined as the "first social network in history made in Italy". Contenuto dell’articolo And reading further, the interviewee, Marco Camisani Calzolari, a contract university lecturer and radio-television communicator on digital themes, states: "In May 1995, in a basement in Via Melzi D'Eril, a truly revolutionary idea was being born. Behind it was the intuition of Claudio Cecchetto and the guidance of Marco Camisani Calzolari: Internetwork City is the first social network in the world, a space within which users managed to interact, in an era when the network was a place where possibilities for interchange were still a futuristic eventuality." And whilst in the pioneering basement of Via Melzi D'Eril in May 1995 Internetwork City was being born, perhaps unbeknownst to its inventors, in January 1995, a full four months earlier, DADA (Design Architettura Digitale Analogico) had already been born, another entirely Italian social network, founded by four young Florentine architects (Paolo Barberis, Alessandro Sordi, Jacopo Marello and Angelo Falchetti), as one reads on the ZeroUnoWeb portal. The four Florentine friends transformed their architecture studio into a company in which Barberis and Sordi drew in the other two entrepreneurs, spending all their savings on the purchase of computers and multimedia equipment. It was not simply a matter of creating yet another web portal but a true digital ecosystem that anticipated many functions of contemporary social networks: profiles, communities, interaction and shared content. This narrative of DADA, however, is "once again refuted" if we read the journalistic article in La Repubblica of 27 May 2021 bearing the signature of journalist Riccardo Luna, entitled "In Milan, Claudio Cecchetto (and Marco Camisani Calzolari) launch a social network," readable by clicking the following link: https://www.repubblica.it/tecnologia/2021/05/27/news/a_milano_claudio_cecchetto_e_marco_camisani_calzolari_lanciano_un_social_network-302961639/ Contenuto dell’articolo The subtitle echoes: "It was the first social network in history and it was born in Italy. And in 1995 the web had practically only just been born," in addition to "In May 1995 the first social network in history was born and it was born in Italy. Perhaps the first. Who knows. But if one considers that Facebook is from 2004, Second Life and MySpace from 2003, one understands perfectly well the enormity of what I have just written. In 1995 the web had practically only just been born." But here, strangely, the discourse is not entirely clear: if in the subtitle one asserts decisively "it was the first social network in history," why does one then read: "Perhaps the first. Who knows." It seems to me a contradiction, quite frankly. But let us leave the arduous decisional task to impartial readers. Therefore, let us proceed with the rest of the article: "In the meantime, in Italy someone constructs a social network. Who? Claudio Cecchetto. Yes, him, the author of Gioca Jouer, the inventor of Radio Deejay and of another way of making radio. He was also a pioneer of the Internet. In May 1995 he launches a social network called Internetwork City, the city of the Internet network. It had been built, one line of code after another, by a young programmer who, thanks to this story, would become a brilliant communicator of digital matters (for some time he has been one of the faces of Striscia la Notizia): Marco Camisani Calzolari. When he thinks back to those times, MCC becomes enthusiastic: 'It was a social network in every respect. A place where one could register, have a profile and speak with others. It was one of the first in the history of the web, and Claudio Cecchetto had invented it. He had conceived it whilst navigating with Videotel, but then the World Wide Web had arrived. At the time I worked as a programmer for a fashion company: I had learnt to do it by downloading the instructions for writing code in Perl and in Java from the BBSs that were on the network'." Contenuto dell’articolo From this it emerges that the idea for the project was supported by the media personality of Claudio Cecchetto and brought to fruition by programmer Marco Camisani Calzolari: the two pioneers of the Italian web have (also in this journalistic article) confirmed how InterNetwork City was, in their opinion, the first social network in the world created precisely in the Belpaese. But will this be objectively and impartially true according to the historical historiography of Internet history? To ascertain this, we must analyse academic historiographical sources: these lead us back to the surprising computational history of a great (and semi-unknown) precursor of social networks present as early as the 1960s and 1970s: Plato. PLATO: The Precursor of All Social Networks in the World Contenuto dell’articolo PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) represents one of the most fascinating cases of anticipatory technology in the history of computing: developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1960 by Donald L. Bitzer, this system initially had purely didactic purposes, but evolved rapidly, becoming a true digital social ecosystem decades before the advent of the Internet as we know it. It introduced the concept of "Personal Notes" in 1973, a system of forums organised by subject where users could post messages, reply and create structured discussions. This anticipated by over twenty years web forums and Usenet newsgroups in accessible form. The "Talkomatic" system, created in 1973 by Doug Brown, permitted simultaneous conversations between multiple users in separate channels. Each user saw the letters of other participants appear character by character as they were typed, creating an unprecedented immediate communication experience. "Personal Notes" functioned essentially as an internal email system, permitting private communications between system users, with storage and reply capabilities. Users could create "term-talk," personal messages visible to others, sharing thoughts, updates or information: a conceptual precursor of modern social media posts. Plato was not merely technology: it was a true community. Thousands of users, primarily university students, teachers and researchers, connected through dedicated terminals with characteristic plasma screens: To play: it hosted some of the first multiplayer video games in history, such as "Empire" (a precursor of space games), "Moria" (one of the first dungeon crawlers) and "Airfight" (multiplayer aerial combat). To socialise: friendships, romantic relationships and communities formed around shared interests. To collaborate: study groups, research projects and academic discussions flourished on the platform. Despite its innovative capabilities, Plato remained confined principally to the academic environment and to certain business applications for several reasons: Plato terminals were extremely costly and the system required powerful mainframes; and unlike the Internet, it was a closed system, centrally controlled; dedicated terminals or specialised connections were required, not available to the general public; and whilst the Internet developed on open protocols, Plato remained an isolated ecosystem. In conclusion: even though the unknown Community Memory (1973) preceded Plato as a publicly accessible social system but with more limited functionalities, Plato had social functionalities as early as 1973. It was the first true precursor of modern social networks, but in a technological context that was solely academic, not mass-market, owing to prohibitive costs and the extremely rare and extraordinarily slow computer connections of those years. Therefore, all the first prototypes and first social networks born from the 1990s onwards (including the Florentine project Dada/SuperEva and the InterNetwork City of Claudio Cecchetto and Marco Camisani Calzolari) reinvented the same concepts in a technological and economic context that permitted their planetary diffusion shortly before the advent of the new millennium. Now, given that we live in a context of great development of large language models upon which artificial intelligence is based, just out of curiosity, I shall ask Microsoft's chatbot, Copilot (in my opinion, the most reliable to date) what it thinks about the journalistic narrative of Giornalettismo and La Repubblica in favour of InterNetwork City; therefore, this is my question: "Is it correct to assert, impartially, that Internetwork City of Cecchetto and Camisani Calzolari was the 'first social network in history Made in Italy'?" The answer emerges from the following photographs. Contenuto dell’articolo Contenuto dell’articolo I now report word for word the text generated by the large language model (LLM) Copilot: "Here is the most balanced and rigorous answer that can be given today, based on available sources and digital historiography. Is it correct to define it as 'first social network in history Made in Italy'? 🧭 Brief answer No: it is not correct to assert it impartially as an ascertained historical fact. It is, however, correct to say that certain publications and certain protagonists of the era present it as such, while the academic community and international historiography on social networks do not recognise Internetwork City as 'first social network in history'. 🔍 What the sources say The Italian journalistic sources consulted present Internetwork City as: "the first social network in the world" (Giornalettismo) "the first social network in history and it was born in Italy... perhaps the first. Who knows." (La Repubblica) "the first social network" (Giornalettismo) These are, however, journalistic narratives, not historical classifications shared by international research. 🧠 Why it is not possible to assert it as an impartial historical fact To be recognised as 'first social network in history', a project must satisfy criteria shared by the scientific community, for example: technical definition of social network (user profile, network of contacts, persistent interaction, user-generated content, etc.) international academic recognition verifiable technical and historical documentation comparison with previous platforms (e.g. The WELL, 1985; Usenet, 1979; Minitel, 1982; GeoCities, 1994) Internetwork City does not appear in any international academic taxonomy of social networks, nor in reference works on the history of the web. The sources that define it as 'first social network' are interviews, popular articles and narrative reconstructions, not historical studies. 📌 What can be correctly asserted An impartial and accurate formulation could be: Internetwork City (1995), conceived by Claudio Cecchetto and developed by Marco Camisani Calzolari, is one of the first Italian experiments in interactive online community. Certain journalistic publications have described it as 'the first social network in history Made in Italy', but this definition is not recognised by international historiography on social networks. This sentence is balanced, truthful and does not attribute undemonstrable historical certainties." In summary: in the impartial opinion of Microsoft Copilot, the assertion according to which InterNetwork City "was the first social network in history and was born in Italy" is enunciated only as a journalistic narrative but has no corroboration in reality whatsoever, not being in any way supported by international academic historiography of the history of social networks. Now, however, other articles taken from websphere publications assert that the first (and true) Italian social network was, instead, conceived and created by the Dada group and subsequently through SuperEva in January 1995, anticipating by four months the aforementioned Milanese InterNetwork City. But let us read it all directly in the StartUp Italia article bearing the signature of writer Aldo V. Pecora, which I shall report from this link: https://startupitalia.eu/education/scuola/quando-prima-di-facebook-4-italiani-avevano-inventato-un-social-network-la-storia-di-dada-e-di-supereva/#:~:text=Alla%20base%20di%20questa%20visione,il%20valore%20aggiunto%20del%20sito. Contenuto dell’articolo "When Zuckerberg was still at college there were those who, in Italy, had already invented social networks. A story, that of SuperEva and, above all, of those four 'madmen' of Dada, that would truly deserve a film. A story that we today attempt to recount by making a leap backwards of twenty years, whilst those who wrote it, or rather, designed it, had with every evidence made a journey into the future. Dada, the Martians come from the future The 'back to the future' of Paolo Barberis and Alessandro Sordi begins in the early 1990s, as young students at the University of Florence. It is 1992 when they decide to go before the examination board without even a sheet of paper, a drawing, nothing. Only a computer and a multimedia project, one of the first in Italy and perhaps in Europe developed in 3D. 'The board remained closeted for over an hour — recalls Sordi today — and we didn't know whether shortly thereafter they would send us packing.' Instead it was a success and the beginning of an adventure. Barberis and Sordi involve two other friends, Jacopo Marello and Angelo Falchetti, spend all their savings on the purchase of PCs and multimedia equipment and together open an architecture studio: Dada, acronym for Design Architettura Digitale Analogica. How Dada connected Florence to the Internet Year 1995. Things change. Dada becomes a limited company: 20 million initial investment (the computers purchased for the architecture studio). And the project of creating a multimedia city, Florence, becomes that of bringing the city online. Few know it, but it was precisely Dada that connected the Tuscan capital to the Internet. ADSL and so-called broadband connections did not yet exist. What years, those years. Whilst Alessandro Sordi reviews them, on the telephone he betrays a little emotion: 'Commercial internet was beginning, the first nodes in Rome and Milan, but in Tuscany there was nothing. We decided to purchase the cable and brought the first CDN to Florence.' It is the era of providers, or rather, ISPs, and anyone who manages to make a client dialogue with a server can sell dial-up connection services. Sordi and partners involve family and friends. Everyone does everything: Barberis answers the telephone and provides help desk support, the others concern themselves with making professionals and companies understand the potential of the Internet and sell annual subscriptions at 249 thousand lire. The web that found (and changed) Dada These are the years of a single browser, Netscape Navigator. It was conceived by that same Marc Andreessen who today can be called literally papa by people like Zuckerberg and half of Silicon Valley. It is web 0.0, that before Google, where the search engines are Lycos, AltaVista, Yahoo. In Italy for a couple of years a gentleman from Cagliari by the name of Nichi Grauso, founder of Video On Line, has been putting tremendous amounts of money into the Internet, whilst in Milan Marco Negri and Stefano Quintarelli launch I.Net and Joy Marino ITNet. The national telephone company, SIP, is reborn under the acronym Telecom Italia. A monopoly that begins to creak with the launch by Olivetti of Italia Online and, above all, of the first Italian search engine, Arianna, which will soon find itself duelling with Virgilio, the first creation of the Matrix of Paolo Ainio, Carlo Gualandri and Marco Benatti. Dada understood before others in which direction the web would go. 'From there a business model was born — recounts Sordi — because the provider collected network subscription fees in advance and we used that money to finance research on web services, something that was science fiction for those years.' 'One world alone, one network alone' Science fiction that was the fortune of the group of Tuscan architects. After a year turnover rises to 500 million and Barberis's company delineates the future of the web: content and, above all, community. On the Internet there are not only professionals and companies but people, who begin to use it daily and to focus on groups, first in mailing lists and newsgroups, but shortly thereafter also on websites. Dada intuited before others that there is a market, certainly formless, like water, but immediately monetisable, thanks to advertising. A large public company, SMA 2002, enters the capital of the Florentine company, and together the two entities found one of the very first Italian advertising concessionaire companies entirely focused on the Internet. 1997: Dada's phase 2 begins. The government passes new communications regulation and the Florence provider obtains authorisation to scale its core business of Internet access across the entire national territory. Sordi recalls, smiling. These are the years in which one thinks of monetising another business, that of so-called 'housing'. In the meantime, someone already has his head in the future. It is Paolo Barberis, who imagines a network where beyond computers being connected, people above all can be connected amongst themselves. 'I had something of a mania for putting things in the right place with respect to the order they would have in the future,' he tells us. An order that according to Barberis passes through the 'desk metaphor'. 'Many years ago — he recalls — it was clear to me that soon we would move from our desktop, with file management, archive, rubbish bin et cetera towards a map. What today we call "map as a service". We started from connectivity but then gave services, and as architects we wanted to construct the new places. Design the house imagining the use that must be made of it every day, how many people will pass through it, with attention also to the smallest particular, to individual objects. Those who design must focus, because a house must be beautiful but must above all make us live well and better.' From SuperEva to the Stock Exchange At the base of this vision the birth, in 1999, of a website that would make the history of the Italian web: SuperEva. The first embryo of Dada's portal comprised a search engine and the famous guides, which would become the backbone and added value of the site. Because, as always, the true novelty at the beginning of every great experience is camouflaged in a little corner. Through the guides, Dada begins to create thematic micro-communities that stand thanks to advertising. From there onwards Dada will begin to churn out millions upon millions. Of euros and no longer of lire. The Dada ecosystem counts more or less one-fifth of Italian web traffic, has consolidated its own technological asset and encounters various investors along its path: 'Today we would call them angels — says Sordi — but at the time they were enlightened entrepreneurs.' It is they who will help the Tuscan company take the great step: the Stock Exchange. It is 29 June 2000 when Dada SpA is listed on the Nuovo Mercato index of Piazza Affari. An injection of liquidity that brings tens of millions into the coffers of the Florentine internet company. In a few months the employees become 400, and there is almost no longer room to keep them all, in what was once the headquarters of Libreria Cima. Meanwhile, Barberis & Co. also begin to keep an eye on the foreign market, searching for partnerships to internationalise. Always keeping their feet on the ground. It survives (magnificently) the dot-com bubble 'At the time — recalls Alessandro Sordi, who in Dada was Vice President — they told us "spend everything, spend everything immediately". The tendency was to spend all the money that the stock exchange had given you. We were prudent but at the same time aware that we should not buy to satisfy the stock exchange.' And they did well, because shortly thereafter the so-called dot-com bubble would burst, which saw illustrious giants like Cisco lose in one blow something like 86% of their own value. In parallel, many Italian ISPs were forced to close their doors, crushed by Telcos, which in the meantime took control of the connections market, sweeping away with one stroke of the sponge the 'old' dial-ups in favour of broadband. Few know, however, that there was also a gift that Dada had given to all employees: stock options. They were given to all, but truly all, from secretaries, to developers, to graphic designers, to sales. Today for startups they are called equity; at the time the options of quoted companies like Dada were real money. From provider to internet company But the vision, the maniacal passion for the creation and consolidation of vertical communities and the development of a second asset dedicated to B2B services allow Dada to sleep soundly. Sordi recalls: 'In large companies the concept of pivot is not a rigid thing. It was very natural to ask oneself daily "what is the best thing to do today".' Because it is a large startup where things happen, before others. And where you can make them happen. If the BlackBerry arrives in Italy, for example, it is thanks to them, who had direct contacts with RIM as well as with the greatest tech companies in the world. The startups conceived by employees They experiment, they have fun, and greatly so. They launch themselves into the market of paid services (music, ringtones, WAP), which will become the third pillar of the new Dada, and constitute a small internal incubator, Dada Lab: 'We didn't know it was called an incubator. Every six months we set up a process where employees could propose new ideas. Pitches were made but they weren't called pitches. We decided to carry forward the best project,' recounts Sordi. Projects that, once launched, were followed scrupulously: 'We received an hourly email, with the metrics of all the business models. There were systems hooked to the models that recorded every hour. In short, a sort of automatic Analytics that informed us constantly and in real time of the progress of individual projects. Something that we maintain today, albeit in different form (monitors attached to the walls, editor's note), in Nana Bianca.' The Dada ecosystem, recounted by those who lived it We are in the middle of the first decade of the 2000s. At that time Dada experiences the epoch of maximum splendour. It enters the digital asset of the RCS Group, and acquires various startups and companies, such as Register.it, the first Italian registrar, the Wireless Solutions of Massimo Ciociola (now CEO of Musixmatch), free hosting communities like Freeweb.org and then the Clarence portal, and then the first Italian blog platform, Splinder, the Blogo network and so many other companies that, all together, will compose the galaxy of the Dada Group. It is the startup that becomes increasingly 'a platform from which to launch services. There were people of great talent, with whom you enjoyed working, stimulating changes,' recalls Paolo Barberis, who when he goes back with memory transmits even telephonically a mixture of emotions between nostalgia and pride: 'Marco Argenti, who in Seattle at Amazon is head of AWS mobile, Amazon's store, Max Pellegrini, now head, in New York, of mobile entertainment at Real Networks (those of the noted Real Player, editor's note), and then again Antonio Tomarchio (founder of Beintoo), Francesca Lerario, Mariano Di Benedetto, Roberto Barberis (now CEO of 4W), Filippo Satolli (COO of Instal.com), Stefano Sordi (marketing director of Aruba), Carlo Meglio (CEO of Moqu Adv), David Casalini...' Disclaimer: David Casalini, a name that is not new to us at Startupitalia, given that he is also our publisher. At this point a telephone call with him is obligatory. 'I was 23 years old when I arrived at Dada,' recalls Casalini. 'I was truly in another world: I had my office in Empoli, which for me was already the office of a lifetime, a 16th-century tower with my beautiful Linux server... The dream of my life was to be able to run the Empoli provider (Empoli Net, editor's note).' Then, one day, the telephone call from Angelo Falchetti arrives. 'In short order I found myself managing a team of 30 people. All talents with whom working was a spectacle. Dada was doing what today startups are not doing; it grew continuously, 40–50–60 million. There was a moment in which Dada was hiring people all over the world, like Brian Buschmann, who today is head of the UX unit of Gucci.' David is truly a torrent in flood, he begins to reel off on the telephone (and then on Messenger) a series of names and anecdotes that becomes truly difficult even to manage to note down, let alone recount them all. When Dada was truly scaling, in the USA Much abroad, USA, above all. In 2005 Dada had already consolidated for at least a couple of years what without fear of contradiction can be considered the first Italian social network, amongst the largest in Europe: Incontri di SuperEva, a community for lonely hearts with 2 million members, when the various Facebooks and, above all, Tinder did not yet exist. Social networks are discussed, and we have proof in the slides (see above) that Marco Argenti and Paolo Barberis will bring to Dada-Day 2004 and 2005. Precisely when, across the ocean, an unknown Harvard student by the name of Mark Zuckerberg was attempting to explain, to an empty hall, a website called The Facebook. And again through Dada passes one of the first experiments in competition with iTunes and iPods. A joint venture, in the United States, with Sony: 'Dada US — recalls Barberis — made a merger uniting its own mobile assets with those of Sony.' A deal that generated turnover only in the USA of something like 100 million dollars. The Dada model: 'design it as if you were already living it' The former twenty-year-olds of Dada, in short, had become adults and seemed almost to transmit the idea of being a group of Martians come from the future: 'I believe — recalls Barberis — that our difference with respect to that historical moment lies in what then consolidated itself in the broader reasoning of design thinking: having answers in the short term, whilst you are executing things, with visionary work. Imagining how the world will be in a few years and trying to design it as if you were already living it. Making certain, in short, that things respond to a vision and do not remain circumscribed to something imminent and nothing more. A bit like making the digital agenda today: you can set yourself the objective of 10 things to do, or else first imagine how the country will be in 10 years and then begin to do things, to create the conditions that will take you there.' However, like every most beautiful love story, that of Dada with its founders will also end. From the progressive farewell of those who had given it birth to the sale to the Buongiorno group, passing through the dismemberments of the various assets. Thus it happens that, by a strange trick of fate, today what remains of SuperEva coexists under the same roof as historical competitors like Virgilio and Libero, reunited in the new Italiaonline galaxy. But that is another story. Now, for intellectual objectivity, I shall pose the same question that I posed earlier to Copilot, but regarding the Florentine narrative of Dada/SuperEva: "Is it correct to assert, impartially, that Dada/SuperEva was the 'first social network in Italy'?" The answer emerges from the following photographs. Contenuto dell’articolo Contenuto dell’articolo I now report word for word the text generated by the large language model (LLM) Copilot: "Here is the most balanced, rigorous and historically founded version of the answer — with punctual citations to the sources you requested. Is it correct to assert, impartially, that Dada/SuperEva was 'the first social network in Italy'? 🧭 Brief answer No: it is not correct to assert it as an objective historical fact. It is, however, correct to say that certain journalistic sources and communications of the era presented SuperEva as a 'social network', but international historiography and academic studies do not classify it as such, nor as 'first Italian social network'. 🔍 What the sources say The available sources show two levels of narrative: 1. Journalistic and corporate narrative (post-2004) In 2004 a Marketpress communiqué announced: 'The social network lands in Italy: it is called SuperEva.com and bears the Dada marque' This is a communicative and promotional definition, not a historical classification. StartupItalia, in an article from 2016, recounts the story of Dada and SuperEva as Italian pioneers of the social web, but in narrative tone: 'When Zuckerberg was still at college there were those who, in Italy, had already invented social networks.' Here too: narrative, not historiography. 2. Historical and academic sources International historical reconstructions of social networks (Boyd & Ellison, 2007; History of the Web; Internet Histories) do not include SuperEva amongst the foundational social networks. Furthermore, Dada itself — in corporate reconstructions — describes SuperEva as: • a portal • a community • a content aggregator • a system of personal spaces and web services but not as a social network in the technical sense (profile, network of contacts, feed, structured interaction). Example: ZeroUno defines Dada as 'the most important Italian player for communities and social networks', but referring to the subsequent period and to the overall ecosystem, not to SuperEva as 'first social network'. 🧠 Why it is not correct to define it as 'first Italian social network' To be recognised as such, the following would be required: • technical criteria (profile, explicit social network, feed, internal messaging, declared relationships) • academic recognition • comparison with previous platforms (Clarence, 1996; C6, 1997; Digiland, 1999; Italian IRC and BBS communities already active from the 1980s–1990s) SuperEva does not satisfy these criteria and is not recognised as 'first Italian social network' by any academic or historical source. 📌 What can be asserted in an impartial and correct manner A balanced formulation could be: SuperEva (1999), developed by Dada, was one of the largest Italian portals and communities of the era. Certain journalistic sources and corporate communications presented it as a 'social network', but this definition is not recognised by international historiography nor can it be considered, in the technical sense, the first Italian social network. This sentence is accurate, documentded and does not attribute unsupported historical certainties." In summary: neither the Dada/SuperEva project nor InterNetwork City can be individually classified as "the world's (or Italy's) first social network", given that precursors to such platforms already existed, such as the aforementioned case of PLATO in the 1970s. Moreover, internet history confirms that Dada.it (1995) and SuperEva (1999) came to serve over 30 million private users and 500,000 companies across 11 countries: SuperEva became a veritable "mythical place" of the Italian web, one of the first major communities in the Bel Paese, while Dada transformed into a multinational corporation listed on the Stock Exchange from 2000 to 2018. Conversely, InterNetwork City (1995), created by Marco Camisani Calzolari with Claudio Cecchetto, remained a pioneering, experimental project, without a diffusion comparable to the major portals that followed, and never achieved the scale or notoriety of SuperEva. In this context, finally, we return to the matter of official digital historiography and the international academic taxonomy of social networks, which have never officially recognised the respective journalistic/corporate narratives that we have sought to document impartially in this article. In conclusion, at the international academic and digital historiographical level: The first social network in the pioneering computing history of the 1960s–1970s was Plato. The first modern social network was SixDegrees.com. In Italy in the 1990s, both InterNetwork City and Dada/SuperEva can be defined as the first two pioneering experiments of the Italian social web (of precocious, innovative and anticipatory nature in the Belpaese), whilst not being recognised by international historiography as 'true and proper social networks' in the modern sense.

EXCELLENT ! Guillaume Hoarau 🇫🇷 explique COMMENT IL EST DEVENU UN BON ORATEUR EN TANT QUE CONSULTANT… c’est génial 😁👇 🗣️ « J’ai acheté des livres de Platon, Socrate, Aristote, Montaigne, Spinoza, Balzac, Rousseau. 📚 Par exemple je lis Victor Hugo pour travailler la diction, l’éloquence. (…) Je vais lire cinq-dix minutes à voix haute, ça me suffit. Mais quand je suis beaucoup dans le train, je ne peux pas lire à haute voix, donc je passe en lecture audio. Je lance la lecture, je ferme les yeux, et dès qu’il y a une phrase qui m’inspire, JE COPIE, COLLE et la répète dans la journée. 📝 Mon objectif est de la placer dans une phrase, une discussion. Je fais pareil avec les citations philosophiques. Si je vous montre mes notes de mon iPhone, vous allez péter un câble. Sur les plateaux, j’utilise ça. Au départ, c’était de l’autodérision, puis c’est devenu un rituel. (…) Dans un débrief, on parlait de Marseille, du PSG,et je balance : “Oui mais pour connaître les hommes, il faut les voir agir.” (Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile) J’étais fier ! Je me suis dit : “Ça y est, ça me vient naturellement !” 😭 Ce bagage m’a donné la confiance de me dire que je sais ce que je fais. Je suis plus détaché. Je ne me dis plus :“Il faut que je sois bon.” Je ne fais plus attention à chaque truc que je dis… Et je commence à trouver ma place. » 🎙️ @lequipe #Oratoire #Éloquence #Confiance

Jour 202, orbite 3131 – Et de 3 ! Qui se souvient de Jack à la proue du Titanic 🚢, visualisant devant lui l’infini océan bleu... C’est exactement ce qui m’est passé par la tête lorsque j’ai rejoint le point le plus en avant de la station pour remplacer un rétroréflecteur indispensable à l’amarrage de la capsule Dragon. Forcément l’une des plus belles vues au monde, et en même temps, tellement impressionnante depuis mon scaphandre, avec 400 km de vide sous les pieds. Et comme seul paysage devant moi, le bleu hypnotisant de la Terre 🌏 en contraste avec le noir infiniment dense de l’espace. Je suis arrivée de nuit, sans autre éclairage que celui de mon casque, et quand le soleil a pointé son nez sur l’horizon, notre magnifique planète qui défilait sous mes yeux. Juste... waouh ! On dit souvent que l’important, c’est le chemin, pas la destination 😉 Pour rejoindre cette zone de la Station, il faut progresser avec précaution au milieu de dizaines d’éléments qu’il ne faut surtout pas toucher, ni avec l’imposant scaphandre rigide, ni avec les longes et les sangles qui accompagnent nos mouvements. Ajoutez à cela les mains courantes encombrées de câbles, et les outils qui semblent avoir une attirance naturelle pour tous les endroits où ils peuvent se coincer... Visualisez une forêt de cactus 🌵 dans laquelle vous avancez lentement, avec précision et méthode, pour éviter tout contact avec les épines ! J’étais prévenue : « C’est compliqué, mais faisable » et je suis particulièrement heureuse d’avoir mené à bien cette mission qui m’avait été confiée. Quelle belle aventure que ces trois sorties extravéhiculaires ! Mais je l’avoue, cela va faire du bien de souffler un peu et de récupérer physiquement avant notre retour sur Terre, qui représente lui aussi un sacré défi pour l’organisme. 🫶 Les équipes ont été formidables. Un grand merci à tous qui avez travaillé dur pour faire de ces EVAs un succès. 🎥 @esa / @NASA #εpsilon • @esaspaceflight • @Space_Station • @NASAJohnson • @ESA_fr • @CNES #Espace #Aventure #Science